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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chocolate at a Sliding Interface (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The tribological properties of a chocolate-lubricated tribo-system have been measured with a pin-on-disk tribometer employing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)/zirconia (ZrO2) as the tribo-pair. For this study, a series of test chocolate samples was prepared by systematic variation of conching type, particle-size distribution, milk fat/cocoa butter ratio, and lecithin content. Tribological measurements were found to be sensitive to lecithin content for all particle sizes investigated, while only being sensitive to particle size at high lecithin content. Rheological measurements were found to be sensitive to lecithin content in the case of small particle size, and sensitive to particle size in the case of low lecithin content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08803.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipolysis, fatness, gender and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy, normal-weight subjects (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 14-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Leptin – %fat, 18O-labelled water – glycerol – NEFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Relationship between plasma leptin and adioposity and gender has been reported in adults. Effect of age on plasma leptin is unclear and regulation of leptin production by white adipose tissue is still poorly understood. Objectives: To study if age and parameters of lipolysis are related to plasma leptin concentrations. Methods: Seventy-seven healthy, normal-weight subjects (age range 19–82 y.) had measurements of body composition (18oxygen dilution technique) and of fasting plasma levels of leptin, glycerol, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Results: Plasma leptin was correlated to NEFA (r=0.28) and glycerol (r=0.48) concentrations. The relationship between %fat and plasma leptin was best fitted by an exponential (r2=0.82). In multiple regression %fat, body mass index, glycerol, and gender, but not fat mass, age or NEFA contributed independently to the variation in log plasma leptin. Log plasma leptin was higher in women than in men for a given glycerol concentration. Conclusion: Adiposity, lipolysis, and gender are related to plasma leptin in healthy humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050041
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Radiologic Definition of Pubococcygeal Muscles [Letters to the Editor] (2012)
    The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
    In: Radiology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-22
    Print ISSN: 0033-8419
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-1315
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
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  • 4
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    Apelin targets gut contraction to control glucose metabolism via the brain (2017)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    In: Gut
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: Objective The gut–brain axis is considered as a major regulatory checkpoint in the control of glucose homeostasis. The detection of nutrients and/or hormones in the duodenum informs the hypothalamus of the host's nutritional state. This process may occur via hypothalamic neurons modulating central release of nitric oxide (NO), which in turn controls glucose entry into tissues. The enteric nervous system (ENS) modulates intestinal contractions in response to various stimuli, but the importance of this interaction in the control of glucose homeostasis via the brain is unknown. We studied whether apelin, a bioactive peptide present in the gut, regulates ENS-evoked contractions, thereby identifying a new physiological partner in the control of glucose utilisation via the hypothalamus. Design We measured the effect of apelin on electrical and mechanical duodenal responses via telemetry probes and isotonic sensors in normal and obese/diabetic mice. Changes in hypothalamic NO release, in response to duodenal contraction modulated by apelin, were evaluated in real time with specific amperometric probes. Glucose utilisation in tissues was measured with orally administrated radiolabeled glucose. Results In normal and obese/diabetic mice, glucose utilisation is improved by the decrease of ENS/contraction activities in response to apelin, which generates an increase in hypothalamic NO release. As a consequence, glucose entry is significantly increased in the muscle. Conclusions Here, we identify a novel mode of communication between the intestine and the hypothalamus that controls glucose utilisation. Moreover, our data identified oral apelin administration as a novel potential target to treat metabolic disorders.
    Keywords: Open access
    Print ISSN: 0017-5749
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-3288
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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