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  • 1
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Observation of the retreat and disintegration of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula during the last three decades and associated changes in air temperature, measured at various meteorological stations on the Antarctic Peninsula, are reviewed. The climatically induced retreat of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf on the east coast and of the Wordie, George VI, and Wilkins ice shelves on the west coast amounted to about 10 000 km2 since the mid-1960s. A summary is presented on the recession history of the Larsen Ice Shelf and on the collapse of those sections north of Robertson Island in early 1995. The area changes were derived from images of various satellites, dating back to a late 1963 image from the recently declassified US Argon space missions. This photograph reveals a previously unknown, minor advance of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf before 1975. During the period of retreat a consistent and pronounced warming trend was observed at the stations on both east and west coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula, but a major cause of the fast retreat and final collapse of the northernmost sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf were several unusually warm summers. Temperature records from the nearby station Marambio show that a positive mean summer temperature was reached for the first time in 1992-93. Recent observations indicate that the process of ice shelf disintegration is proceeding further south on both sides of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 312 (1984), S. 434-435 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Microwave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface is detected by the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer at five frequencies, in two polarization planes. Radiance in the microwave region is usually expressed by the apparent brightness temperature Tb = eT, where T is the physical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 23 (1975), S. 367-408 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Direct solar radiation was measured at Innsbruck in the period 1968–1972 with an actinometer equipped with OG1 and RG2 Schottfilters. From these measurements various turbidity coefficients, the size coefficient of aerosol extinction, and precipitable water were determined by numerical integration over narrow wavelength intervals. Also, from numerous actinometer measurements of the total spectrum in that period aerosol extinction was evaluated taking into account water vapor absorption as deduced from radiosonde ascents and surface vapor pressure. Several measures of aerosol extinction or turbidity and the basis of their evaluation are discussed. The seasonal course of turbidity over Innsbruck is compared to that over other stations. The daily variation of turbidity over Innsbruck is mainly due to particulate pollution of the valley atmosphere and is influenced by local circulation. There are three distinct types of daily variations. In summer turbidity decreases markedly with the onset of a well developed, up-valley wind. In fall the valley wind is only weakly developed the change from up-valley to downvalley wind causes increased turbidity over the station. On clear winter days turbidity decreases with weak down-valley winds from sun rise till afternoon.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von 1968 bis 1972 wurden in Innsbruck Aktinometermessungen der direkten Sonnenstrahlung mit den Filtern OG1 und RG2 durchgeführt. Aus den Messungen wurde in einem Rechenprogramm, für das die atmosphärischen Extinktionsprozesse in enge Spektralbereiche zerlegt wurden, Trübungskoeffizienten, Wellenlängenexponenten der Dunstextinktion und atmosphärischer Wasserdampfgehalt berechnet. Da für den gleichen Zeitraum zahlreiche Messungen der Gesamtintensität ohne Filter vorlagen, wurde aus diesen Messungen unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserdampfabsorption, die aus Radiosondenaufstiegen und Bodendampfdruck bestimmt wurde, ebenfalls die Dunstextinktion berechnet. Verschiedene Maße der Dunstextinktion werden verglichen, wobei auf die unterschiedlichen Berechnungsgrundlagen eingegangen wird. Der Jahresgang der Trübungsgrößen wird im Vergleich zu anderen Stationen dargestellt. Der Tagesgang der Dunsttrübung in Innsbruck wird wesentlich von den festen Verunreinigungen der Talatmosphäre und von der Talwindzirkulation beeinflußt, man kann drei ausgeprägte Arten von Tagesgängen unterscheiden. Beim sommerlichen Trübungstyp mit kräftiger Entwicklung des Talwindes nimmt die Trübung mit Einsetzen des Talaufwindes innerhalb kurzer Zeit ab. Beim herbstlichen Trübungstyp ist der Talwind nur schwach entwickelt, die Winddrehung von Talabwind auf Talaufwind bedingt eine Trübungszunahme am Meßpunkt. An heiteren Wintertagen nimmt die Trübung bei schwachen Talabwinden von Sonnenaufgang bis in die Nachmittagsstunden ab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-04-15
    Description: ESRI shapefiles with the manual snow depth (SD) measurements collected in Austria during winter 2012-2013.
    Keywords: airborne; Alpes; Area/locality; Austria; Boreal; Event label; File name; Leutasch_SnowSAR; Mittelbergferner_SnowSAR; Rotmoos_SnowSAR; SAR; snow; Snow cover; SnowSAR; Tundra
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 126 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-04-15
    Description: Meteorological observations for every 5 minutes from Rotmoos, Austria, collected by an automatic weather station during the winter 2012-2013.
    Keywords: airborne; Alpes; Austria; Boreal; DATE/TIME; Humidity, relative; Logger voltage; Meteorological station; Rotmoos_Met; SAR; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; snow; Snow cover; Snow depth; Soil moisture; Temperature, air; Temperature, ice/snow; Temperature, soil; Tundra; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1628469 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-04-15
    Description: Hourly meteorological observations from Leutasch, Austria, collected by an automatic weather station during the winter 2012-2013
    Keywords: airborne; Alpes; Austria; Boreal; DATE/TIME; Humidity, relative; Leutasch_Met; Meteorological station; Precipitation; SAR; snow; Snow cover; Snow depth; Soil water content; Temperature, air; Temperature, soil; Tundra
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30623 data points
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rott, Helmut (1976): Analyse der Schneeflächen auf Gletschern der tiroler Zentralalpen aus Landsat-Bildern. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 12(1), 1-28, hdl:10013/epic.40233.d001
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The extent of snow cover at the end of the ablation season on glaciers in the Tyrolean Alps in 1972 and 1973 was determined from Landsat-1 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images. For snovv mapping the MSS-images with a ground resolution of 80 meters were enlarged to a scale of 1: 100.000 by photographic methods. Different appearance of snow cover in the 4 MSS-channels is discussed in connection with ground truth control. The accuracy of snow and ice mapping from Landsat images was checked on 15 glaciers with an area from 1 to 10 km2 by aerial photography and/or ground truth control. These comparisons imply the usefulness of Landsat images for snow mapping on glaciers of a few square kilometers. The altitude of the equilibrium line was determined from Landsat images for 53 glaciers in the Tyrolean Alps. The regional differences in the equilibrium line altitude correspond to the regional precipitation patterns. The equilibrium line was identical with the snow line at the end of the budget year 1971/1972; therefore it was possible to determine the equilibrium line from satellite images. For 1968/69 the equilibrium line was mapped from aerial photographs for several glaciers. In 1972/73 mass balance was strongly negative and the equilibrimn line was within the firn area of the glaciers. Therefore it was not possible to distinguish between accumulation and ablation areas from the Landsat images of September 1973; however, snow and ice areas could be olearly differentiated. The ratios of accumulation area 01' snow area to the total area of the glaciers were determineel from satellite images and aerial photography separately for aelvancing anel for retreating glaciers and were relateel to the mass balance. In the budget years 1968/69 and 1972/73 with negative mass balance the accumulation area ratios of the advancing glacien; were olearly different from the ratios of the retreating glaciers, in 1971/72 with positive 01' balanced mass budget the differences between advancing and retreating glaciers were not significant.
    Keywords: Area; Area/locality; Calculated; Comment; ELEVATION; Event label; Exposition; LATITUDE; Location of event; LONGITUDE; Number; ÖtztalAlps; Ötztaler Alpen, Central Alps, Austria; Ratio; Sea level, relative; StubaiAlps; Stubaier Alpen, Eastern Alps, Austria; Zillertaler Alpen, Eastern Alps, Austria; ZillertAlps
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 635 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Snowpit measurements providing information on the snow properties in Austria during winter 2012-2013.
    Keywords: airborne; Alpes; Area/locality; Austria; Binary Object; Boreal; Date; Event label; Leutasch_SnowSAR; Mittelbergferner_SnowSAR; Rotmoos_SnowSAR; SAR; snow; Snow cover; SnowSAR; Tundra
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 105 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: The European Space Agency (ESA) SnowSAR instrument is a side looking, dual polarized (VV/VH), X/Ku band SAR, operable from a small aircraft. Between 2010 and 2013, the instrument was deployed at several sites in Northern Finland, Austrian Alps, and northern Canada. The purpose of the airborne campaigns was to gather information on the backscattering properties of snow covered terrain to support the development of Snow Water Equivalent retrieval techniques using SAR. SnowSAR was deployed in Sodankylä, Northern Finland for a single test flight in March 2011 and ten acquisition flights at two sites (tundra and boreal forest) in the winter of 2011-2012. Over the Austrian Alps, three flight campaigns were performed between November 2012 and February 2013 over three sites located in different elevation zones, representing a montane valley, Alpine tundra, and a glacier environment. In Canada a total of two missions were flown in March and April 2013, over sites in the Trail Valley Creek watershed, Northwest Territories, representative of the tundra snow regime. This data package includes the collected airborne SAR data, as well as coincident in situ information on meteorological conditions, land cover, vegetation and snow properties.
    Keywords: airborne; Alpes; Boreal; SAR; snow; Snow cover; Tundra
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 17 datasets
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