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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breast-Conserving Therapy with Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Radiation Therapy: Feasibility of Concurrent Treatment (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: As commonly used, adjuvant paclitaxel after doxorubicin in high-risk breast cancer patients results in a prolonged delay of the onset of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery. Concurrent delivery of breast irradiation with paclitaxel would allow for earlier initiation of radiation. We report on the toxicity of concurrent paclitaxel and breast irradiation after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Twenty-four patients were treated with concurrent breast radiation and paclitaxel. All patients received four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by four cycles of paclitaxel, 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The radiation therapy started after the first cycle in 3 patients, after the second cycle in 16, and after the third in 5. The breast received 4680–5040 cGy external beam irradiation, followed by a boost of 1000–2000 cGy. Fifteen patients received supraclavicular irradiation, and a posterior axillary supplement was used in five patients. Median follow-up after completion of irradiation was 11.5 months (range 2–29 months) with 21 patients followed ≥6 months, 12 followed ≥12 months, and 7 followed ≥18 months. Using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute toxicity scoring criteria, 7 patients experienced grade 1 skin and/or soft tissue reactions and 17 patients had grade 2 reactions. The average total duration of radiation treatment was 49 days (range 41–57 days). Only eight patients had radiation therapy interruptions for a median of 3.5 days (range 2–8 days): two more than 5 days. None had a chemotherapy dose reduction. One patient discontinued paclitaxel after the third cycle due to bilateral upper extremity neuropathy. No cases of pneumonitis or brachial plexopathy were seen. Concurrent treatment with every 3-week paclitaxel and breast irradiation was well tolerated. Additional study is needed to determine optimal timing, long-term toxicity, and potential benefits of concurrent radiation therapy and paclitaxel. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2003.09203.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in Vivo Effects of Heparin Fractions on the Development of Lung Metastasis in Murine Fibrosarcoma (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 463 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb21573.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inscribed matter as an energy-efficient means of communication with an extraterrestrial civilization (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It is well known that electromagnetic radiation—radio waves—can in principle be used to communicate over interstellar distances. By contrast, sending physical artefacts has seemed extravagantly wasteful of energy, and imagining human travel between the stars even more so. The key ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02884
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Fluosol-DA/O2 on the antitumor activity and pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin (1986)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 18 (1986), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of an oxygen-carrying perfluorochemical emulsion on bleomycin antitumor activity and pulmonary toxicity was examined. Fluosol-DA (0.3 ml/mouse, i. v.), combined with bleomycin (10 or 15 mg/kg, i. p.) and a 2 h exposure to 95% oxygen (BFO) increased by five- to six-fold the tumor growth delay of FSaIIC fibrosarcoma compared to bleomycin alone (B). Only a slight increase in tumor growth delay was noted with the incomplete combinations of bleomycin and O2 (BO) and bleomycin and Fluosol-DA (BF). When bleomycin (10 mg/kg) was co-administered with 0.3 ml Fluosol-DA and 95% O2, cell survival was reduced ten-fold compared to that seen with bleomycin alone. In contrast, the surviving fraction of cells obtained from FSaIIC tumors treated in vivo indicated that 0.3 ml Fluosol-DA per mouse or a 2 h exposure to 95% O2 did not markedly alter the effects of bleomycin alone. The pulmonary effects of the BFO combination were assessed during the course of the therapy by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis and pulmonary hydroxyproline (OH-Pro) content. Mice treated with this combination had a 20-fold increase in total numbers of cells obtained in the BAL compared to control animals. An increased cellularity in the lungs was also seen morphologically. The composition of the cells in the lavage fluid was altered after BFO but not BO treatment and reflected a neutrophilic influx. Furthermore, total protein recovered in the BAL fluid was increased 5-fold in the BFO treatment group compared to that in the control mice. Pulmonary OH-Pro, an index of collagen and fibrosis, was unaffected acutely after three treatments of either BFO or BO compared to control mice. Thus, Fluosol-DA and O2 can enhance the antitumor activity of bleomycin. The increased pulmonary cellularity suggests that this combination may also have adverse effects on lung tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273388
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II trial of 4′ deoxydoxorubicin (DXDX) for unresectable non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 8 (1990), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: deoxydoxorubicin (DXDX) ; non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) ; phase II trials ; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A phase II trial of 4′ Deoxydoxorubicin (DXDX) was conducted in unresectable previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer patients. DXDX was administered every 3 weeks by short intravenous infusion at a starting dose of 30 mg/m2, with dose escalation to 40 mg/m2 toxicity permitting. Four responses, all partial, were observed in 35 evaluable patients, for a response rate of 11% (95% confidence limits 3.2% and 26.7%). Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. Cardiotoxicity was not seen. DXDX has minimal activity against non-small cell lung cancer as a single agent at the dosage used in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216932
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Portacaval Anastomosis on Glutamine Synthetase Protein and Gene Expression in Brain, Liver and Skeletal Muscle (1999)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 14 (1999), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: glutamine synthetase ; gene expression ; portacaval anastomosis ; hepatic encephalopathy ; liver ; skeletal muscle ; ammonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chronic liver insufficiency resulting from end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCA) on glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, protein and gene expression were studied in brain, liver and skeletal muscle of male adult rats. Four weeks following PCA, activities of GS in cerebral cortex and cerebellum were reduced by 32% and 37% (p〈0.05) respectively whereas GS activities in muscle were increased by 52% (p〈0.05). GS activities in liver were decreased by up to 90% (p〈0.01), a finding which undoubtedly reflects the loss of GS-rich perivenous hepatocytes following portal-systemic shunting. Immunoblotting techniques revealed no change in GS protein content of brain regions or muscle but a significant loss in liver of PCA rats. GS mRNA determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR was also significantly decreased in the livers of PCA rats compared to sham-operated controls. These findings demonstrate that PCA results in a loss of GS gene expression in the liver and that brain does not show a compensatory induction of enzyme activity, rendering it particularly sensitive to increases in ammonia in chronic liver failure. The finding of a post-translational increase of GS in muscle following portacaval shunting suggests that, in chronic liver failure, muscle becomes the major organ responsible for the removal of excess blood-borne ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020741226752
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal morphogenesis in the urodele skull: II. Effect of developmental stage in thyroid hormone-induced remodeling (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 149-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates the effect of developmental stage on thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated remodeling in the skeletal tissues of hemidactyliine plethodontid urodeles. Rate of morphogenesis was quantified in 17 metamorphic tissues for three different size-age classes of Eurycea bislineata larvae immersed in a metamorphic dosage of T4. Extent of morphogenesis after a 3-week immersion was also quantified in these tissues plus four larval ones for the full size range of E. bislineata larvae and for less complete size ranges of E. wilderae, E. longicauda guttolineata, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, and Pseudotriton ruber larvae. Although all tissues respond more slowly with decreasing size/age, two tissue-specific effects are evident in all species. Larval ossifications are less inducible than metamorphic ossifications, and progressive metamorphic events are more retarded and, in some cases, more prone to abnormal morphogenesis than regressive ones. The first effect agrees with the prediction that tissues that naturally remodel at metamorphosis are more responsive to a metamorphic dosage of TH than those that respond at a larval stage and lower TH. The second effect agrees with the prediction that progressive morphogenesis is more likely to be impaired at small size than regressive morphogenesis, although the frequent discrepancies between individuals of similar size implicate developmental age more than size in this effect. Collectively, these two effects provide only equivocal support for the hypothesis that direct development in plethodontids evolved via precocious TH activity. However, the unexpected transition from ceratobranchial replacement to ceratobranchial shortening in medium-sized larvae suggests that the former pathway requires a longer period of cell specification at low TH. Since ancestral plethodontids appear to have been distinguished by an exceptionally long larval period with exceptionally low TH activity, this developmental prerequisite may in turn be partly responsible for their singular evolution of ceratobranchial replacement. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal morphogenesis in the urodele skull: I. Postembryonic development in the hemidactyliini (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 125-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The metamorphic species Eurycea bislineata is presented as a standard for evaluating the relationship between cranial ontogeny and life history in hemidactyliine plethodontid urodeles. Past and present descriptions are combined into a comprehensive summary of postembryonic skull development for this species, and the sequence, sizes of onset, and morphogenetic pathways are documented for all major remodelling events. Developmental series are also compared intraspecifically, between two populations of E. bislineata that differ in metamorphic size, and interspecifically, with species having different larval periods (Hemidactylium scutatum, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Pseudotriton ruber, E. wilderae, E. longicauda guttolineata) and with epigean (E. tynerensis, E. nana, and E. neotenes) and subterranean perennibranchiates (Haideotriton wallacei and Typhlomolge rathbuni). Cranial ontogeny is largely conserved in these hemidactyliines despite their disparate life histories. Outside the dichotomy of metamorphic and perennibranchiate development, variation is limited to interspecific differences involving the nasolacrimal duct, the repeated loss of the scleral cartilage, and minor dissociation of several metamorphic and postmetamorphic remodelling events. Some, but not all, of this variation is consistent with evolutionary differences in metamorphic size and age. The comparison of metamorphic and perennibranchiate hemidactyliines reveals a unique cranial ontogeny for urodeles, characterized by the abrupt and synchronous timing of almost all postembryonic remodelling, including the nasal skeleton, and the complete absence of these events in perennibranchiate forms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal morphogenesis in the urodele skull: III. Effect of hormone dosage in TH-induced remodeling (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 243-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study examines the dosage dependency of thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated remodelling in the cranial skeleton of the hemidactyliine plethodontid urodele, Eurycea bislineata. One set of experiments quantifies morphogenetic responses in 21 tissues for four size-age classes of larvae immersed in four different T4 concentrations. A second set varies both the period and concentration of T4 treatment to evaluate the effect of different TH profiles on adult tissue shape. The tissues surveyed in this study exhibit a 100-fold range in TH sensitivity. Those in regressive morphogenesis have tissue-specific sensitivities which correlate with the timing of their remodelling in natural development: bone resorption is more sentitive than cartilage resorption and is initiated earlier in metamorphosis. In contrast, the TH sensitivities of tissues in progressive morphogenesis vary within each tissue type and even within some tissues, and they do not correlate with timing in natural development. Some explanation for this discrepancy is offered by the constant spatial and temporal relationships between nasal cartilage and dermal bone, which suggest that some TH-mediated ossification may additionally require induction by cartilage. Also, the failure of nasolacrimal duct morphogenesis at all but the lowest dosage correlates with the inductdion of integumentary changes that may preclude duct formation. Variable T4 treatments produce no effect upon the adult skull, other than loss of the nasolacrimal duct and/or foramen. These results have two developmental implicatons. First, the dosage dependencies of the nasolacrimal duct, ossification sequences, and cranial remodelling patterns all support a TH profile with exceptionally low levels at larval stages and at least a 100-fold increase at metamorphosis. Second, a small change in the rate of TH activity has the potential to effect a large-scale rearranggement and restructuring of TH-dependent remodelling. The lack of such transformations in metamorphic plethodontids suggests that TH activity is highly conserved in this group. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230303
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  • 10
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    Plastic credits - financing the transition to the global circular economy : final assessment report on the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: The project "Plastic Credits - Financing the Transition to the Global Circular Economy" supports the implementation of a waste management structure in India's rural regions. By that it aims to improve the current waste collection and treatment structures in the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, and Kerala. Herein, the project focuses on low value plastics (LVP), and especially multi-layer plastics (MLP), that have no market value. In order to analyze the environmental impacts of the project, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted. The considered environmental components comprise: greenhouse gas emissions, usage of primary resources, impacts on marine and terrestrial wildlife, standard of living, and economic costs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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