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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zooplankton abundance and grazing at Davies Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 105 (1990), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zooplankton abundance and grazing on autotrophic and heterotrophic particulate matter were measured along a transect across Davis Reef (18°5′S; 147°39′E) and in the back-reef lagoon over tidal and diel cycles during austral winter (August 1984). Zooplankton entering the reef from the surrounding shelf waters decreased in abundance over the reef flat, presumably because of predation. Within the reef lagoon, maximum daytime densities of pelagic copepods occurred during high water, suggesting an external input. At night, water-column zooplankton biomass increased by a factor of 2 to 3 due to the emergence of demersal reef zooplankton. Zooplankton grazing rates on heterotrophic particulate matter (bacteria + detritus and Protozoa) compared to phytoplankton were higher on the reef flat than on the fore-reef or lagoon. Within the lagoon, zooplankton grazing rates on heterotrophic material were maximum during high water, coincident with maximum tidal concentrations of particulate organic carbon. The combined demersal and pelagic zooplankton community were often able to crop 30% of the daily primary production by 〉2µm phytoplankton. However, 〉50% of phytoplankton biomass was in cells 〈2µm, presumably unavailable to these zooplankton. Our particulate production and ingestion measurements, together with zooplankton carbon demand extrapolated from respiration estimates, suggest that the zooplankton community of Davies Reef derives much of its nutrition from detritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344272
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ingestion and incorporation of coral-mucus detritus by reef zooplankton (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 72 (1983), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The copepod Acartia tonsa and the reef mysid Mysidium integrum ingest stained coral mucus. Ingestion rates determined with radioisotope-labeled mucus ranged from 4 to 81% body carbon · 24 h-1 for the copepods and I to 70% body carbon · 24 h-1 for the mysids. Incorporation was measured by comparing the organic composition of fecal material and by the incorporation of isotope-labeled mucus. A. tonsa incorporated 47% of ingested ash-free material, 68% of carbon and 36% of nitrogen. M. integrum incorporated 44% of ingested ash-free matter, 57% of carbon and 55% of nitrogen. Incorporation estimates using 14C-labeled mucus were 65% and 39% for incorporation by A. tonsa and M. integrum respectively. A. tonsa and M. integrum incorporated both the mucus substrate and the epiphytic bacteria of the mucus-detritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396825
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method to determine in situ zooplankton grazing rates on natural particle assemblages (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 65 (1981), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ zooplankton grazing rates on natural particle assemblages were stimated by measuring zooplankton uptake of labelled autotrophic (with Na14CO3) and heterotrophic (with [methyl-3H]-thymidine) particulate matter in 1-h incubations in clear, Plexiglas, Haney chambers. The in situ grazing rates are in the same range as those measured for zooplankton in the laboratory using standard particle counting techniques. A negative selection coefficient for 3H-labelled particles indicated a lower filtration efficiency or avoidance of these particles by zooplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding of the copepod Acartia tonsa on the diatom Nitzschia closterium and brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus) detritus (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clearance, ingestion and incorporation rates of the copepod Acartia tonsa were measured using the diatom Nitzschia closterium and Fucus vesiculosus detritus. Mean clearance rates ranged from 1.5 to 3.7 ml copepod-1 day-1 on N. closterium and from 1.6 to 5.3 ml copepod-1 day-1 on 28 day-aged F. vesiculosus detritus. The copepods ingested from 0.05 to 0.29 μgC μg copepod C-1 day-1 feeding on N. closterium and from 0.06 to 0.81 μgC μg copepod C-1 day-1 on 28 day-aged F. vesiculosus detritus. N. closterium (4 to 6 μm diameter) is at the lower size limit of retention efficiency of A. tonsa as compared to the F. vesiculosus detritus used (10 to 24 μm diameter). Therefore, the greater feeding rate of A. tonsa on detritus was probably due to greater particle size. Relative levels of incorporation efficiency measured over several food concentrations ranged from 18 to 55% for P32-labelled N. closterium and 10 to 45% for 28 day-aged Zn65-labelled F. vesiculosus detritus. Incorporation rates of A. tonsa fed differently aged F. vesiculosus (0, 14, 28 and 56 days) ranged from 2.92 μg F. vesiculosus μg copepod-1 day-1 for unaged detritus to 0.06 μg F. vesiculosus μg copepod-1 day-1 for 56 day-aged F. vesiculosus detritus. Although the percent nitrogen of the detritus increased with age, A. tonsa had a greater incorporation rate on fresh detritus, which had a larger mean particle diameter than older detritus. As both P32 and Zn65 are not as metabolically labile as carbon, incorporation rates are probably underestimates of the true values. While A. tonsa was able to grow and reproduce on N. closterium, they did not survive on variously aged F. vesiculosus detritus. Cannibalism occurred in the A. tonsa cultures, so growth results are relative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391565
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of blooms of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium to zooplankton (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 4 (1992), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; blooms ; Trichodesmium ; zooplankton ; toxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium thiebautii and T. erythraeum were collected at locations in the Carribean during Jan.–Feb. 1991. They were screened for toxicity using Artemia salina and several species of copepods, which were harpacticoid grazers, filter-feeding calanoids, or cyclopoid copepods. Approximately 50% of the 89 T. thiebautii samples caused〉 50% lethality of A. salina, though none of the 16 T. erythraeum samples caused〉 25% lethality. The T. thiebautii bloom samples were toxic to the calanoid and cyclopoid copepods and non-toxic to the harpacticoid grazers. In contrast the T. erythraeum bloom samples were not toxic to any copepods tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003963
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ingestion of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. by pelagic harpacticoid copepods Macrosetella, Miracia and Oculosetella (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Pelagic harpacticoids ; Macrosetella ; Miracia ; Oculosetella ; Trichodesmium grazing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Trichodesmium is a filamentous, colonial nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical regions of the world's oceans. Trichodesmium fixes atmospheric nitrogen and can comprise a significant fraction of total primary production in oceanic surface waters. Therefore, the consumption and fate of Trichodesmium has important consequences for understanding carbon and nitrogen cycling in the open ocean. The pelagic harpacticoid copepod Macrosetella gracilis uses Trichodesmium not only as a physical substrate for juvenile development, but also as a food source. Several different types of pelagic copepods (including several species of calanoids, harpacticoids and a poecilostomatoid species) were tested for ingestion of Trichodesmium by labelling the cyanobacteria with 14C. Only the pelagic harpacticoids ingested Trichodesmium. Here we report the first grazing rates based on 14C-uptake measurements for Macrosetella gracilis (0.173 µg C copepod−1 h−1), and the first quantitative measurements of both Miracia efferata (0.402 µg C copepod−1 h−1) and Oculosetella gracilis (0.126 µg C copepod−1 h−1) ingesting this cyanobacteria. Ingestion rates of M. gracilis and M. efferata on the two different species of Trichodesmium, T. thiebautii and T. erythraeum, as well as the two different colonial morphologies of T. thiebautii, spherical-shaped (‘puffs’) and fusiform (‘tufts’), were also compared. Both Miracia and Macrosetella had higher ingestion rates on the ‘puff’ colonies than the ‘tuft’ colonies of T. thiebautii.. Both also had higher ingestion rates of T. erythraeum than T. thiebautii. Trichodesmium thiebautii contains a previously reported neurotoxin which may be an important factor in determining trophodynamic interactions. Our results suggest that pelagic harpacticoid copepods can be quantitatively important in determining the fate of Trichodesmium carbon and nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229946
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  • 7
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    Future marine zooplankton research - a perspective (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Marine ecology-progress series, 222, pp. 297-308
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-05
    Description: Oxygen is fundamental to life. Not only is it essential for the survival of individual animals, but it regulates global cycles of major nutrients and carbon. The oxygen content of the open ocean and coastal waters has been declining for at least the past half-century, largely because of human activities that have increased global temperatures and nutrients discharged to coastal waters. These changes have accelerated consumption of oxygen by microbial respiration, reduced solubility of oxygen in water, and reduced the rate of oxygen resupply from the atmosphere to the ocean interior, with a wide range of biological and ecological consequences. Further research is needed to understand and predict long-term, global- and regional-scale oxygen changes and their effects on marine and estuarine fisheries and ecosystems.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Online Only
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Copepods and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay: abundance, vertical position and non-predatory mortality (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-28
    Description: Live and dead copepod abundances and environmental conditions were measured during summer in Chesapeake Bay to determine how population size, vertical position and non-predatory mortality varied with hypoxia. Abundances of copepod nauplii and Acartia tonsa copepodites decreased when low-oxygen water was present. Possible explanations include copepods altering their vertical position to avoid hypoxia, resulting in increased predation and advection losses. Alternatively, copepods residing in hypoxic water may experience increased mortality and sub-lethal effects of hypoxia on growth and reproduction. The vertical position of copepod nauplii did not appear to respond to hypoxia, but the vertical position of A. tonsa copepodites shifted upward in response to lethal hypoxia in bottom water. Non-predatory mortality of nauplii increased with the severity of hypoxia, but no similar increase was apparent for copepodites. Overall, it appears that hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay can result in lower copepod population abundances. Under moderate hypoxia, sub-lethal effects of low oxygen on growth and reproduction likely contribute to lower abundances, since the copepods do not avoid the hypoxic water. Under severe hypoxia, non-predatory mortality due to low oxygen is likely more important for naupliar stages, and the effects of altered vertical position on predation and advection may be important for copepodites.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Relationship between environmental conditions and zooplankton community structure during summer hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-29
    Description: The environmental conditions and mesozooplankton community were monitored during summer cruises in 2003, 2004 and 2006–2008 in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Data were collected on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll- a and zooplankton taxonomic abundances. Environmental conditions were largely related to the influence of the Mississippi River plume. The zooplankton community was numerically dominated by copepods, with various meroplankton and other non-copepod zooplankton present in lower abundances. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups of co-occurring zooplankton taxa. Two of these were numerically dominant, one characterized by the copepod Acartia spp. and a second consisting of several copepod taxa (including larger-bodied genera) and salps. Relative to the group containing Acartia spp., this second dominant group was more abundant at higher salinity, lower temperature and greater vertical extent of hypoxic water into the water column above the seafloor. Dissolved oxygen, as vertical extent of hypoxia, was of comparable importance to temperature and salinity in predicting the abundances of zooplankton taxa. Variability of the zooplankton community with environmental conditions, and particularly the greater abundance of larger taxa in association with hypoxia, has implications for the contribution of zooplankton-mediated vertical flux to oxygen drawdown, and for the quality of the food environment for larval and other planktivorous fish.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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