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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification rate of colonies of Stylophora pistillata, 1998 (1998)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Frankignoulle, Michel; Bourge, I; Romaine, S; Buddemeier, Robert W (1998): Effect of calcium carbonate saturation of seawater on coral calcification. Global and Planetary Change, 18, 37-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00035-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The carbonate chemistry of seawater is usually not considered to be an important factor influencing calcium-carbonate-precipitation by corals because surface seawater is supersaturated with respect to aragonite. Recent reports, however, suggest that it could play a major role in the evolution and biogeography of recent corals. We investigated the calcification rates of five colonies of the zooxanthellate coral Stylophora pistillata in synthetic seawater using the alkalinity anomaly technique. Changes in aragonite saturation from 98% to 585% were obtained by manipulating the calcium concentration. The results show a nonlinear increase in calcification rate as a function of aragonite saturation level. Calcification increases nearly 3-fold when aragonite saturation increases from 98% to 390%, i.e., close to the typical present saturation state of tropical seawater. There is no further increase of calcification at saturation values above this threshold. Preliminary data suggest that another coral species, Acropora sp., displays a similar behaviour. These experimental results suggest: (1) that the rate of calcification does not change significantly within the range of saturation levels corresponding to the last glacial-interglacial cycle, and (2) that it may decrease significantly in the future as a result of the decrease in the saturation level due to anthropogenic release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Experimental studies that control environmental conditions and seawater composition provide unique opportunities to unravel the response of corals to global environmental changes.
    Keywords: Acropora sp.; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975); Animalia; Aragonite saturation; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcium; Calculated; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Laboratory experiment; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Salinity; Single species; Species; Stylophora pistillata; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 510 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation doping and observation of the integral quantum Hall effect in PbTe/Pb1−xEuxTe multiquantum wells (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2908-2910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In Pb1−xEuxTe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy a drastic reduction of electron mobility is observed for increasing Eu content. This is exploited for the investigation of the electronic properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in PbTe/Pb1−xEuxTe quantum wells (x=4.7%). In such structures we report the observation of the integer quantum Hall effect with a dominance of the odd filling factors due to the large spin splitting in the lead salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110269
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis, respiration and calcification of a zooxanthellate scleractinian coral under submerged and exposed conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An experimental set-up was designed to investigate photosynthesis, respiration and calcification of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals under submerged and exposed conditions. The results of experiments to determine the effect of exposure to air on the metabolism of Stylophora pistillata (Esper, 1797) revealed that: (1) maximum gross photosynthesis ( p g max) is 3.6 times higher in water than in air; (2) an indicator of photoadaptation (I k ) does not reveal any difference between water and air; (3) the difference between submerged and aerial respiration is not statistically significant; (4) aerial photosynthesis–irradiance (P–I) curves display lower initial slopes (α) than aquatic P–I curves; (5) there is no calcification in air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050158
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    Co-occurring linguistic and biological diversity [Environmental Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: As the world grows less biologically diverse, it is becoming less linguistically and culturally diverse as well. Biologists estimate annual loss of species at 1,000 times or more greater than historic rates, and linguists predict that 50–90% of the world’s languages will disappear by the end of this century. Prior studies indicate similarities in the geographic arrangement of biological and linguistic diversity, although conclusions have often been constrained by use of data with limited spatial precision. Here we use greatly improved datasets to explore the co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity in regions containing many of the Earth’s remaining species: biodiversity hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas. Results indicate that these regions often contain considerable linguistic diversity, accounting for 70% of all languages on Earth. Moreover, the languages involved are frequently unique (endemic) to particular regions, with many facing extinction. Likely reasons for co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity are complex and appear to vary among localities, although strong geographic concordance between biological and linguistic diversity in many areas argues for some form of functional connection. Languages in high biodiversity regions also often co-occur with one or more specific conservation priorities, here defined as endangered species and protected areas, marking particular localities important for maintaining both forms of diversity. The results reported in this article provide a starting point for focused research exploring the relationship between biological and linguistic–cultural diversity, and for developing integrated strategies designed to conserve species and languages in regions rich in both.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    A sequence variant associated with sortilin-1 (SORT1) on 1p13.3 is independently associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-25
    Description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common human disease with a high estimated heritability (0.7); however, only a small number of associated genetic loci have been reported to date. In contrast, over 100 loci have now been reproducibly associated with either blood lipid profile and/or coronary artery disease (CAD) (both risk factors for AAA) in large-scale meta-analyses. This study employed a staged design to investigate whether the loci for these two phenotypes are also associated with AAA. Validated CAD and dyslipidaemia loci underwent screening using the Otago AAA genome-wide association data set. Putative associations underwent staged secondary validation in 10 additional cohorts. A novel association between the SORT1 (1p13.3) locus and AAA was identified. The rs599839 G allele, which has been previously associated with both dyslipidaemia and CAD, reached genome-wide significance in 11 combined independent cohorts (meta-analysis with 7048 AAA cases and 75 976 controls: G allele OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76–0.85, P = 7.2 x 10 –14 ). Modelling for confounding interactions of concurrent dyslipidaemia, heart disease and other risk factors suggested that this marker is an independent predictor of AAA susceptibility. In conclusion, a genetic marker associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and in particular concurrent vascular disease, appeared to independently contribute to susceptibility for AAA. Given the potential genetic overlap between risk factor and disease phenotypes, the use of well-characterized case–control cohorts allowing for modelling of cardiovascular disease risk confounders will be an important component in the future discovery of genetic markers for conditions such as AAA.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
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