Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Part I: Thinking about Your Climate Choices -- 1. Can One Person Make a Difference? -- 2. Sweat the Right Stuff -- 3. The Weight of the Evidence: How We Know the Planet Is Warming -- Part II: Making Effective Climate Choices -- 4. Driving Down Emissions -- 5. Home Is Where the Heat Is -- 6. Taking Charge of Electricity at Home -- 7. A Low-Carbon Diet -- 8. The Right Stuff -- Part III: Rescuing the Future -- 9. Step Up, Connect, Transform -- 10. Stepping Up at Work -- 11. Making Government Work for Us -- 12. Welcome to Our Low-Carbon Future -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A: Resources -- Appendix B: Our Paths to 20: Team Member Statements about Reducing Our Own Carbon Footprints -- Appendix C: An Explanation of Our Research and Analysis Methodology -- Appendix D: Research Results -- Notes -- About the Authors -- Index.

Note: Fluvial Sedimentology VI -- Contents -- Preface -- Sediment Transport and Bedforms -- Turbulent sand suspension over dunes -- Dune growth, decay and migration rates during a large-magnitude flood at a sand and mixed sand-gravel bed in the Dutch Rhine river system -- Bedforms of the middle reaches of the Tay Estuary, Scotland -- Flow structure and transport of sand-grade suspended sediment around an evolving braid bar, Jamuna River, Bangladesh -- Modern Fluvial Environments -- Effective discharge for overbank sedimentation on an embanked floodplain along the River Waal, The Netherlands -- RADARSAT imaging of the 1997 Czech Republic flood -- The role of overbank flow in governing the form of an anabranching river: the Fitzroy River, northwestern Australia -- Downstream changes in floodplain character on the Northern Plains of arid central Australia -- Confined meandering river eddy accretions: sedimentology, channel geometry and depositional processes -- The influence of flooding on the erodibility of cohesive sediments along the Sabie River, South Africa -- Erosion of sediments between groynes in the River Waal as a result of navigation traffic -- The geochemical and mineralogical record of the impact of historical mining within estuarine sediments from the upper reaches of the Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK -- Avulsion: Modern and Ancient -- Causes of avulsion: an overview -- Avulsion and crevassing in the sandy, braided Niobrara River: complex response to base-level rise and aggradation -- Contrasting styles of Holocene avulsion, Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, USA -- Pemiscot Bayou, a large distributary of the Mississippi River and a possible failed avulsion -- Gradual avulsion, river metamorphosis and reworking by underfit streams: a modern example from the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh and a possible ancient example in the Spanish Pyrenees. , Holocene avulsion history of the lower Saskatchewan fluvial system, Cumberland Marshes, Saskatchewan-Manitoba, Canada -- Recognizing avulsion deposits in the ancient stratigraphical record -- Controls on River Systems and Alluvial Successions -- The use of models in the interpretation of the effects of base-level change on alluvial architecture -- Subsidence rates and fluvial architecture of rift-related Permian and Triassic alluvial sediments of the southeast Iberian Range, eastern Spain -- Drainage evolution in active mountain belts: extrapolation backwards from present-day Himalayan river patterns -- Controls on the sedimentology of the November 1996 jökulhlaup deposits, Skei -- Alluvial Facies and Architecture -- The influence of aggradation rate on braided alluvial architecture: field study and physical scale-modelling of the Ashburton River gravels, Canterbury Plains, New Zealand -- Sedimentary facies from ground-penetrating radar surveys of the modern, upper Burdekin River of north Queensland, Australia: consequences of extreme discharge fluctuations -- Meander bend reconstruction from an Upper Mississippian muddy point bar at Possum Hollow, West Virginia, USA -- Palaeohydrological parameters of a Proterozoic braided fluvial system (Wilgerivier Formation, Waterberg Group, South Africa) compared with a Phanerozoic example -- Sand- and mud-dominated alluvial-fan deposits of the Miocene Seto Porcelain Clay Formation, Japan -- Sedimentology of the Gwembe Coal Formation (Permian), Lower Karoo Group, mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia -- Sedimentology of the Section Peak Formation (Jurassic), northern Victoria Land, Antarctica -- Reconstruction of fluvial bars from the Proterozoic Mancheral Quartzite, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India -- Index -- Plate -- Foldout.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1. Continental Drift-The Road to Plate Tectonics -- 2. Plate Tectonics Now and in the Past -- 3. Creation, Destruction, and Changes in Volume of Continental Crust Through Time -- 4. Growth of Cratons and their Post-Stabilization Histories -- 5. Assembly of Continents and Establishment of Lower Crust and Upper Mantle -- 6. Assembly and Dispersal of Supercontinents -- 7. Supercontinents Older than Gondwana -- 8. Gondwana and Pangea -- 9. Rifting of Pangea and Formation of Present Ocean Basins -- 10. History of Continents after Rifting from Pangea -- 11. Effects of Continents and Supercontinents on Climate -- 12. Effects of Continents and Supercontinents on Organic Evolution -- Appendix A. Seismic Methods -- Appendix B. Heat Flow and Thermal Gradients -- Appendix C. Paleomagnetism -- Appendix D. Isotopic Systems -- Appendix E. Cratons -- Appendix F. Anorogenic Magmatic Suites -- Appendix G. Orogenic Belts of Grenville Age -- Appendix H. Orogenic Belts of 2.1-1.3-Ga Age -- Appendix I. Orogenic Belts of Pan-African-Brasiliano Age -- References -- Author Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Atmosphere, Oceans, and Rivers -- Atmosphere Composition -- Ozone Depletion -- Changes in Solar Radiation -- Long-Term (Tens of Thousands of Years) Cycles -- The Last Ice Age and the Consequences of Its End -- Short-Term (Hundreds of Years) Variations -- Climate of the Last 2,000 Years -- Present Global Warming -- Evidence for Global Warming -- Causes of Global Warming -- Reducing the Rate of Global Warming -- Consequences of Global Warming -- Climatic Effects of Volcanoes -- Toba -- Krakatoa, 535 AD -- Tambora -- Laki, Iceland -- Mount Billy Mitchell, Solomon Islands -- Huaynaputina, Peru -- Possible Future Eruptions of Yellowstone and Long Valley -- Wind -- Hurricane Katrina -- Ocean Currents -- El Nino -- Rivers -- The Missouri River and the Lewis and Clark Expedition -- Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers -- Chamizal and the U.S.-Mexico border -- Nile River and Its Floods -- Route Across the Great Basin -- Canals -- The Suez Canal -- Panama Canal -- 2. Tectonics -- Solid Earth -- Isostasy -- Plate Tectonics -- Earth's Heat -- Structures and Processes -- Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes -- Effect of Tectonics on Human History -- Volcanic Eruptions -- Earthquakes -- Tsunamis -- Living in Rifts -- Living on Small Islands -- 3. Evolution, Creationism, and the Long History of the Earth -- Creationism -- Uniformitarianism -- Evolution -- Conflict Between Creationism and Evolution in the 20th and 21st Centuries -- Paleontologic Record -- Cyanobacteria -- Algae -- Oldest Animals -- Oldest Vertebrates -- Oldest Land Plant -- Permian-Triassic Extinction -- Oldest Mammal -- Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction -- Pleistocene Megafauna Extinction -- Relative Time and the Geologic Time Scale -- Radiometric Dating and the Absolute Time Scale -- Radiometric Dating Using Heavy Isotopes. , Radiometric Dating Using the K-Ar System -- Radiometric Dating Using Carbon-14 (Radiocarbon Dating) -- Measured Ages -- Continents and Supercontinents -- Formation of Continents -- History of Supercontinents -- The Supercontinent Cycle -- 4. Resources and the Environment -- Energy Resources -- United States Energy Production and Consumption -- World Energy Production and Consumption -- Fossil Fuel -- Nuclear Energy -- Nuclear Hazards -- Renewable Resources -- Rock and Mineral Resources -- Base Metals -- Iron and Iron Alloy (Ferro-Alloy) Metals -- Nonmetals -- History of Tools -- Fertilizer -- Precious Metals and Gems -- Food -- Nutritional Requirements -- Sources of Food -- Food Supply and Population Growth -- Water -- Wireless Communication and the Internet -- Silk Road -- Development of Modern Communication -- Units and Abbreviations -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Note: Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors and Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1 Agriculture and Land Use Sector -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Notes -- References -- Data Sources for the Agriculture and Land Use Sector -- Chapter 2 The Reference Scenario -- Agricultural Growth Model -- GHG Emissions Model -- Emissions Baseline -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 The Low-Carbon Scenarios: Mitigation Options -- Sustainable Land Management Options -- Adjusted Agricultural Growth Model -- Emissions Models under Two Low-Carbon Scenarios -- Low-Carbon Scenarios: Results -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Recommendations for an Effective Low-Carbon Strategy in the AFOLU Sector -- Building a Network of Climate Smart Agriculture Partners -- Effective Implementation Mechanisms -- Building a Strong and Coherent Policy Environment -- Notes -- References -- Bibliography for Agriculture and Land Use Sector -- Appendix A Emissions Coefficients and Other Parameters Used in the Model -- Appendix B Land Use Changes in the Reference Scenario -- Appendix C Mitigation Options in the Low-Carbon Scenario -- Appendix D Further Details on Low-Carbon Scenarios A and B -- Appendix E Sensitivity Analysis of the Model Results -- Part 2 Oil and Gas Sector -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 5 Introduction -- Industry History -- Study Objectives and Methodology -- Study Sources and Assumptions -- References -- Data Sources for the Oil and Gas Sector -- Chapter 6 Production of Oil and Natural Gas -- Gas Production and Gas Demand -- Gas Demand -- Gas Supply/Demand Balance -- References -- Chapter 7 Emissions Sources -- Major Emission Sources -- Estimation of GHG Emissions -- References -- Chapter 8 Reference Scenario. , Results of the GHG Emissions Forecast for the Reference Scenario -- Chapter 9 Low-Carbon Scenario -- Data and Assumptions -- Carbon Mitigation Options -- Potential Impact of Mitigation Options -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Gas, LPG, and Electricity Prices -- References -- Chapter 11 Marginal Abatement Costs Curve and Return Value -- Calculating the MAC Curve -- Chapter 12 Sensitivity Analysis of the Study Results -- Sensitivity to Discount Rate -- Chapter 13 Recommendations -- Recommendations for the Short Term -- Recommendations for the Medium Term -- Recommendations for the Long Term -- Reference -- Bibliography for Oil and Gas Sector -- Appendix F Framework for Estimating Oil and Gas Emissions -- Part 3 Power Sector -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 14 Introduction -- Objectives -- Purpose of Power Sector Scenarios -- Study Sources and Assumptions -- Scope and Limitations -- Organization of Power Sector Study -- References and Data Sources for the Power Sector -- Chapter 15 General Framework -- An Integrated Modeling Framework -- Population Growth -- GDP Growth -- Note -- References -- Chapter 16 Reference Scenario -- Electricity Demand -- Load Duration Curve -- Existing and Planned Generating Capacities -- Power Generation Technologies for Reference Scenario -- Technology Mix for the Reference Scenario -- Note -- References -- Chapter 17 Low-Carbon Scenario -- Methodology for Developing the Low-Carbon Scenario -- Promoting Energy Efficiency -- Improving T& -- D Loss Reduction -- Power Generation Potential of Renewable Technologies -- The Costs of Power Generation by Technology -- Analysis for a Low-Carbon Technology Mix -- Comparing Scenarios by Cost of Generation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 18 Sensitivity to Costs of Fuel and Renewables -- Uncertainties in Costs of Fuels and Renewables. , Technology Mix for the Delayed Low-Carbon Scenario -- Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for Delayed Low-Carbon Scenario -- Comparing Costs for the Three Scenarios -- References -- Chapter 19 Developing an Integrated Low-Carbon Plan for Nigeria's Power Sector -- Challenges and Opportunities for Low-Carbon Development -- Foundations for a Low-Carbon Plan -- Recommendations for a Low-Carbon Plan for Nigeria -- References -- Bibliography for Power Sector -- Appendix G GDP Growth and Load Duration Curves -- Appendix H Off-grid Generation -- Appendix I Grid Power Supplies -- Appendix J Existing and Planned Generating Capacities -- Appendix K Concentrating Solar Power Potential -- Appendix L Small Hydropower (SHP) Potential -- Appendix M Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Potential -- Appendix N Biomass Potential -- Appendix O A Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid System Case Study -- Appendix P Cost and Performance of Technologies -- Part 4 Road Transport Sector -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 20 Study Methodology -- Data Collection and Modeling -- Data Sources for the Road Transport Sector -- Chapter 21 Base Year Emissions Estimates -- Vehicle Types -- Nigeria Vehicle Population Survey Review -- Vehicle Classification -- Modeled Vehicle Fleet -- Vehicle Activity -- Emissions Factors -- Base Year Summary Results -- Base Year Vehicle Fleet and Activity -- Fuel Consumption -- References -- Chapter 22 Dynamic Emissions Estimates -- Population Growth -- National Income -- Household Income -- Vehicle Fleet Evolution -- Dynamic Baseline Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 23 Decomposition Analysis -- Population Growth -- Economic Growth -- Reference -- Chapter 24 Mitigation Measures -- Freight Policy Measures -- Improved Freight Road Transport Management -- Public Transport Policy Measures -- References -- Chapter 25 Summary and Conclusions. , Current Vehicle Emissions Levels -- Emissions Growth under Business as Usual Scenario -- Mitigation Measures -- Boxes -- Figures -- Maps -- Tables -- Back Cover.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289 - 292) and index