Note: Front Cover -- From Molecules to Networks -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1: Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue -- Neurons -- Neuroglia -- Cerebral Vasculature -- References -- Suggested Readings -- Chapter 2: Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions -- Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons -- Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue -- Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells -- Molecular Motors in the Nervous System -- Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells -- References -- Chapter 3: Energy Metabolism in the Brain -- Major Pathways of Brain Energy Metabolism -- Substrates, Enzymes, Pathway Fluxes, and Compartmentation -- Imaging Functional Metabolic Activity in Living Brain -- Pathophysiological Conditions Disrupt Energy Metabolism -- Roles of Nutrients and Metabolites in Regulation of Specific Functions and Overall Metabolic Economy -- Metabolomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Literature References -- Chapter 4: Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites -- Toward a Theory of Neuronal information Processing -- Basic Tools: Cable Theory and Compartmental Models -- Spread of Steady-State Signals -- Spread of Transient Signals -- Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in Axons -- Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites -- Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic Structure -- Relating Passive to Active Potentials -- References -- Chapter 5: Membrane Potential and Action Potential -- The Membrane Potential -- The Action Potential -- References -- Chapter 6: Molecular Properties of Ion Channels -- Families of Ion Channels -- Channel Gating -- Ion Permeation -- Ion Channel Distribution -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 7: Dynamical Properties of Excitable Membranes -- The Hodgkin-Huxley Model -- A Geometric Analysis of Excitability -- References -- Chapter 8: Release of Neurotransmitters -- Organization Of The Chemical Synapse -- Excitation-Secretion Coupling -- The Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve Terminal -- Quantal Analysis -- Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity -- References -- Chapter 9: Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Synaptic Transmission: Classical Transmitters -- Diverse Modes of Neuronal Communication -- Chemical Transmission -- Classic Neurotransmitters -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Nonclassic Signaling in the Brain -- Peptide Neurotransmitters -- Neurotensin as an Example of Peptide Neurotransmitters -- Unconventional Transmitters -- Synaptic Transmitters in Perspective -- References -- Chapter 11: Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Ionotropic Receptors -- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors -- References -- Chapter 12: Intracellular Signaling -- Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors -- Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases -- References -- Chapter 13: Regulation of Neuronal Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis -- Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene Expression -- Role of cAMP and Ca21 in the Activation Pathways of Transcription -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 14: Modeling and Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathways -- Intracellular Transport of Signaling Molecules Can Be Modeled at Several Levels of Detail -- Standard Equations Simplify Modeling of Enzymatic Reactions, Feedback Loops, and Allosteric Interactions -- Positive and Negative Feedback Can Support Complex Dynamics of Biochemical Pathways -- Model Dynamics should usually be robust to parameter variation -- Parameter Uncertainties Imply the Majority of Models are Qualitative, Not Quantitative, Descriptions. , Separation of Fast and Slow Processes to Simplify Models -- Models Help to Analyze Metabolic Flux Regulation -- Special Modeling Techniques are Required if Enzymes are Organized in Macromolecular Complexes -- Stochastic Fluctuations in Molecule Numbers Influence the Dynamics of Biochemical Reactions -- Genes can be Organized into Networks that are Activated by Signaling Pathways -- Methods Exist to Model Gene Networks at Very Different Levels of Detail -- Gene Network Models Suggest that Feedback Loops and Protein Dimerization can Generate Complex Dynamics -- Random Fluctuations in Molecule Numbers can Strongly Influence Genetic Regulation -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Connexin- and Pannexin-Based Channels in the Nervous System: Gap Junctions and More -- Cell Interactions in the Nervous System: The Larger Picture -- General Properties and Structure of Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels -- Connexins in CNS Ontogeny -- Connexins in Neurons of the Adult CNS -- Astroglial Connexins -- Connexins in Oligodendrocytes -- Connexins in Microglia -- Connexins in the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) -- Connexins in Ependimal Cells and Leptomeningeal Cells -- Pattern of Pannexin Localization in Brain Cells -- Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels in Acquired and Genetic Pathologies of the CNS -- Summary and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 16: Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration -- Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials -- Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials -- Integration of Synaptic Potentials -- References -- Cited -- Chapter 17: Complex Information Processing in Dendrites -- Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites -- Building Principles Step by Step -- An Axon Places Constraints on Dendritic Processing -- Dendrodendritic Interactions Between Axonal Cells. , Passive Dendritic Trees Can Perform Complex Computations -- Separation of Dendritic Fields Enhances Complex Information Processing -- Distal Dendrites Can Be Closely Linked to Axonal Output -- Depolarizing and Hyperpolarizing Dendritic Conductances Interact Dynamically -- The Axon Hillock-initial Segment Encodes Global Output -- Multiple Impulse Initiation Sites Are Under Dynamic Control -- Retrograde Impulse Spread Into Dendrites Can Have Many Functions -- Examples of How Voltage-gated Channels Enhance Dendritic Information Processing -- Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative Units -- Summary: the Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Processing System -- References -- Chapter 18: Information Processing in Neural Networks -- Information Processing -- Neural Representation -- Encoding and Decoding -- Iconic Neural Circuits -- Plasticity -- Example Circuits -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 19: Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms -- Long-term Synaptic Potentiation and Depression -- A Breakthrough Discovery: LTP in the Hippocampus -- The Hippocampal Circuit and Measuring Synaptic Transmission in the Hippocampal Slice -- NMDA receptor-independent LTP -- A Role for Calcium Influx in NMDA Receptor-Dependent LTP -- LTP Outside the Hippocampus -- Modulation of LTP Induction -- Biochemical Mechanism for NMDAR-dependent LTP -- Depotentiation and LTD -- Summary -- Paradigms Have Been Developed to Study Associative and Nonassociative Learning -- Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights from Aplysia into Basic Mechanisms of Learning -- Mechanisms Underlying Associative Learning in Aplysia -- Classical Conditioning in Vertebrates: Discrete Responses and Fear Reactions as Models of Associative Learning -- How does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store a Complex Memory? -- Summary -- References -- Cited. , Chapter 20: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease -- Introduction -- Alzheimer Disease -- Parkinson Disease -- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Glia and Neurodegenerative Disease -- Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Full Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: Neuroscience -- Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience FLOYD E. BLOOM -- A Brief History of Neuroscience -- The Terminology of Nervous Systems Is Hierarchical, Distributed, Descriptive, and Historically Based -- Neurons and Glia Are Cellular Building Blocks of the Nervous System -- The Operative Processes of Nervous Systems Are Also Hierarchical -- Cellular Organization of the Brain -- Organization of This Text -- This Book Is Intended for a Broad Range of Scholars of the Neurosciences -- Clinical Issues in the Neurosciences -- The Spirit of Exploration Continues -- The Genomic Inventory Is a Giant Step Forward -- Neuroscience Today: A Communal Endeavor -- The Creation of Knowledge -- Responsible Conduct -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 2. The Architecture of Nervous Systems LARRY W. SWANSON -- General Principles from an Evolutionary Perspective -- Development of the Vertebrate Nervous System -- Identity and Organization of Functional Systems -- Some Basic Structural Features of the Nervous System 32 -- Summary -- References -- Section II: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience -- Chapter 3. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue -- The Neuron -- Neuroglia -- Cerebral Vasculature -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 4. Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions -- Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons -- Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue -- Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells -- Molecular Motors in the Nervous System -- Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells -- References -- Chapter 5. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites -- Toward a Theory of Neuronal Information Processing -- Basic Tools: Cable Theory and Compartmental Models. , Spread of Steady-State Signals -- Spread of Transient Signals -- Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in Axons -- Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites -- Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic Structure -- Relating Passive to Active Potentials -- References -- Chapter 6. Membrane Potential and Action Potential -- Membrane Potential -- Action Potential -- References -- Chapter 7. Neurotransmitters -- Several Modes of Neuronal Communication Exist -- Chemical Transmission -- Classical Neurotransmitters -- Nonclassical Neurotransmitters -- Peptide Transmitters -- Unconventional Transmitters -- Synaptic Transmission in Perspective -- References -- Chapter 8. Release of Neurotransmitters -- Transmitter Release Is Quantal -- Excitation-Secretion Coupling -- Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve Terminal -- Quantal Analysis: Probing Synaptic Physiology -- Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity -- References -- Chapter 9. Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Ionotropic Receptors -- G-Protein Coupled Receptors -- References -- Chapter 10. Intracellular Signaling -- Signaling through G-Protein-Linked Receptors -- Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases -- Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene Expression -- References -- Chapter 11. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration -- Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials -- Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials -- Integration of Synaptic Potentials -- References -- Chapter 12. Information Processing in Complex Dendrites -- Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites -- An Axon Places Constraints on Dendritic Processing -- Dendrodendritic Interactions between Axonal Cells -- Passive Dendritic Trees Can Perform Complex Computations -- Distal Dendrites Can Be Closely Linked to Axonal Output. , Depolarizing and Hyperpolarizing Dendritic Conductances Interact Dynamically -- The Axon Hillock-Initial Segment Encodes Global Output -- Retrograde Impulse Spread into Dendrites Can Have Several Functions -- Examples of How Voltage-Gated Channels Take Part in Dendritic Integration -- Multiple Impulse Initiation Sites Are under Dynamic Control -- Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative Units -- Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Processing System -- References -- Chapter 13. Brain Energy Metabolism -- Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ -- Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism -- Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain -- Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level -- Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: A Coordinated Shuttle between Astrocytes and Neurons -- The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit -- References -- Section III: Nervous System Development -- Chapter 14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation -- Neural Induction -- Early Neural Patterning -- Regionalization of the Central Nervous System -- Regionalization of the Prechordal Central Nervous System -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. Neurogenesis and Migration -- Development of the Peripheral Nervous System -- Development of the Central Nervous System -- References -- Chapter 16. Cellular Determination -- Neuronal Phenotypes and Determinants -- Determination of Neural Progenitors -- Speci.cation of Neural Lineages by Intrinsic Mechanisms -- Speci.cation of Neural Fates by Extrinsic Mechanisms -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 17. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding -- Growth Cones Are Actively Guided -- Guidance Cues for Developing Axons -- Guidance Cues and the Control of Actin Polymerization -- Guidance in Vivo: Reusing Cues for Different Purposes and Changing Responses to Cues. , Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse Formation -- Target Selection and Map Formation -- Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse -- Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System -- References -- Chapter 19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic Factors -- Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis -- Nerve Growth Factor: The Prototype Target-Derived Neuronal Survival Factor -- The Neurotrophin Family -- Neurotrophin Receptors -- Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Nervous System -- Neurotrophic Factors Have Multiple Activities -- TRK Receptors Are Similar to Other Growth Factor Receptors -- Programmed Cell Death of Neurons Is Widespread in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Species -- Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons -- The Mode of Neuronal Cell Death Re.ects the Activation of Distinct Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms -- Programmed Cell Death Is Regulated by Interactions with Targets, Afferents, and Nonneuronal Cells -- Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death -- Programmed Cell Death, Developmental Disorders, and Neurodegenerations -- References -- Chapter 20. Synapse Elimination -- An Overview of Synapse Elimination -- The Purpose of Synapse Elimination -- A Role for Interaxonal Competition -- Spatial Patterning of Connectivity by Synapse Elimination -- Activity Is Required for Synapse Elimination -- How Widespread Is Activity-Driven Synapse Elimination? -- How Are Synaptic Connections Altered? -- Is Synapse Elimination Strictly a Developmental Phenomenon? -- References -- Chapter 21. Early Experience and Critical Periods -- Sound Localization: Calibrated by Early Experience in the Owl -- Birdsong: Learned by Experience -- Filial Imprinting: Babies Learn to Recognize Their Parents -- Binocular Vision -- Principles of Developmental Learning -- References. , Section IV: Sensory Systems -- Chapter 22. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems -- Sensation and Perception -- Receptors -- Peripheral Organization and Processing -- Central Pathways and Processing -- Sensory Cortex -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 23. Sensory Transduction -- Phototransduction -- Olfactory Transduction -- Taste -- Mechanoreception -- References -- Chapter 24. Chemical Senses: Taste and Olfaction -- Taste -- Olfaction -- References -- Chapter 25. The Somatosensory System -- Peripheral Mechanisms of Somatic Sensation -- Spinal and Brain Stem Components of the Somatosensory System -- The Thalamic Ventrobasal Complex -- Somatosensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex -- References -- Chapter 26. Audition -- Amplitude and Frequency Ranges of Hearing -- External and Middle Ear -- The Cochlea -- The Auditory Nerve -- Descending Systems to the Periphery -- Central Nervous System -- References -- Chapter 27. Vision -- Overview -- The Eye and the Retina -- The Retinogeniculocortical Pathway -- References -- Section V: Motor Systems -- Chapter 28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems -- Basic Components of the Motor System -- Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns -- Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the Control of Movement -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 29. The Spinal Cord, Muscle, and Locomotion -- Muscles and Their Control -- Spinal Networks and the Segmental Motor System -- Sensory Modulation -- References -- Chapter 30. Descending Control of Movement -- The Medial Postural System -- The Lateral Voluntary System -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 31. The Basal Ganglia -- Anatomy of Basal Ganglia -- Signaling in Basal Ganglia -- The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Behavior -- Fundamental Principles of Basal Ganglia Operation for Motor Control -- Basal Ganglia Participation in Nonmotor Functions -- References. , Chapter 32. Cerebellum.

Note: Front Cover -- From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience -- Copyright Page -- Full Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue -- The Neuron -- The Neuroglia -- The Cerebral Vasculature -- Chapter 2. Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions -- Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons -- Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue -- The Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells -- Molecular Motors in the Nervous System -- Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells -- Chapter 3. Brain Energy Metabolism -- Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ -- Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism -- Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain -- Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level -- Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: A Coordinated Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons -- The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit -- Chapter 4. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites -- Spread of Steady-State Signals -- Spread of Transient Signals -- Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in Axons -- Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites -- Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic Structure -- Relating Passive to Active Potentials -- Chapter 5. Membrane Potential and Action Potential -- The Membrane Potential -- The Action Potential -- Chapter 6. Molecular Properties of Ion Channels -- Families of Ion Channels -- Channel Gating -- Ion Permeation -- Ion Channel Distribution -- Summary -- Chapter 7. Dynamical Properties of Excitable Membranes -- The Hodgkin-Huxley Model -- A Geometric Analysis of Excitability -- Chapter 8. Release of Neurotransmitters -- Organization of the Chemical Synapse -- Excitation-Secretion Coupling. , The Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve Terminal -- Quantal Analysis -- Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity -- Chapter 9. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Synaptic Transmission: Classic Transmitters -- Diverse Modes of Neuronal Communication -- Chemical Transmission -- Classic Neurotransmitters -- Summary -- Chapter 10. Nonclassic Signaling in the Brain -- Peptide Neurotransmitters -- Neurotensin as an Example of Peptide Neurotransmitters -- Unconventional Transmitters -- Synaptic Transmitters in Perspective -- Chapter 11. Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Ionotropic Receptors -- G Protein-Coupled Receptors -- Chapter 12. Intracellular Signaling -- Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors -- Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases -- Chapter 13. Regulation of Neuronal Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis -- Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene Expression -- Role of cAMP and Ca2+ in the Activation Pathways of Transcription -- Summary -- Chapter 14. Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathways -- Methods for Modelling Intracellular Signaling Pathways -- General Issues in the Modeling of Biochemical Systems -- Specific Modeling Methods -- Summary -- Chapter 15. Cell-Cell Communication: An Overview Emphasizing Gap Junctions -- Chemical and Electrical Synapses Differ in Functional Characteristics -- Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Gap Junctions in the Nervous System -- Role of Gap Junctions in Functions of Nervous Tissue -- Gap Junction-Related Neuropathologies -- Chapter 16. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration -- Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials -- Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials -- Integration of Synaptic Potentials -- Chapter 17. Information Processing in Complex Dendrites. , Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites -- Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Processing System -- Chapter 18. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms -- Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation and Depression -- Paradigms Have Been Developed To Study Associative and Nonassociative Learning -- Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights From Aplysia Into Basic Mechanisms of Learning -- Classical Conditioning in Vertebrates: Discrete Responses and Fear as Models of Associative Learning -- How Does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store Complex Memory? -- Summary -- Index.