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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We irradiated captive juvenile Euphausia superba in the laboratory with lower than spring surface levels of ultraviolet-B, ultraviolet-A and photosynthetically active radiation, in order to examine their response in terms of mortality and generalised activity. Levels of photosynthetically active radiation 3–5 times below surface irradiance caused krill to die within a week, while animals in the dark survived. Addition of ultraviolet-B typical of depths up to 15 m were found to significantly accelerate mortality and lead to a drop in activity in all experiments. A drop in activity in krill exposed to ultraviolet-A wavelengths was evident without an increase in mortality. The protein content of animals from various treatments was found not to vary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1871-1881 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Amathia wilsoni ; bryozoans ; amathamides A, B, C, D, E ; alkaloid distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The content and distribution of amathamide alkaloids within single colonies of the bryozoanAmathia wilsoni (Ctenostomata) varied depending on the location in the colony. Three colonies in all, collected from the same site at the same time, were analyzed and gave very similar results. The outermost, more exposed, tips of the colony had an alkaloid content of nearly 9% of dry weight, while basal parts were apparently devoid of alkaloids. Samples taken midway between tips and base yielded intermediate concentrations of about 1%. Very little variation in the proportions of individual amathamides A, B, C, E occurred between exposed tips of the colonies. However, some differences in ratios were found between tips from exposed and more protected regions.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Alkaloid ; bacteria ; bryozoan ; secondary metabolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine bryozoan Amathia wilsoni contains several brominated secondary metabolites, the alkaloid amathamides A–F. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis coupled with scanning electron microscopy was used to localise bromine in sections of Amathia wilsoni. Bromine concentrations higher than background levels were only found on the surface of the bryozoan and not within any of the different internal cell types. The correlation between bromine levels and a rod-shaped bacterium, ubiquitous to the tip region, points to the bacterium being closely associated with the range of amathamides found in Amathia wilsoni.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 15 (1967), S. 98-115 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The barnacleBalanus balanoides exhibits little seasonal variation in upper lethal temperatures in North Wales. 2. There are marked seasonal changes in resistance to sub-zero temperatures, the lower lethal varying from −6.0° C in June to −17.6° C in January. 3. Exceptional tolerance to cold is acquired between December and January and is lost between February and April. Although these dates coincide with oviposition and naupliar liberation respectively, it was found that cold tolerance did not necessarily depend upon, or accompany, the normal breeding cycle. 4. Cold tolerance was not acquired by animals kept cold in the laboratory during winter, nor was it lost in animals kept in the laboratory during spring. There was no evidence that changes in nutrition or in the light régime led to loss of cold tolerance. 5. The cyprids were considerably less resistant to both high and low temperatures than the overwintering adults and the late-stage embryos. There was a marked increase in resistance at metamorphosis. 6. The appearance of cold tolerance in the adult coincides with a period of “physiological hibernation”, involving loss of certain tissues, diminished feeding activity, respiration and biosynthesis. The metabolic inactivity of the animal may be a factor promoting the greatly increased tolerance to cold that we have observed, while the composition of the body fluids may also be modified during the winter in such a way as to protect the tissues.
    Notes: Kurzfassung In Nordwales weisen die oberen Letaltemperaturen des CirripediersB. balanoides nur geringe jahreszeitliche Variationen auf. Jedoch treten je nach der Jahreszeit merkbare Resistenzveränderungen bei Temperaturen unter Null auf, wobei die untere Letaltemperatur von −6,0° C im Juni bis zu −17,6° C im Januar schwankt. Eine außergewöhnlich starke Kältetoleranz wird in der Zeit von Dezember und Januar erworben und zwischen Februar und April wieder verloren. Obwohl diese Zeitspanne mit der Oviposition beziehungsweise dem Schlüpfen der Nauplien zusammenfallen, konnte festgestellt werden, daß die Kältetoleranz nicht notwendigerweise vom Brutzyklus abhing oder diesen begleitete. Unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen wurde von kalt gehaltenen Tieren eine Kälteresistenz nicht erworben, auch ging diese bei Tieren, die während des Frühlings im Labor verblieben, nicht verloren. Es ließ sich nicht beweisen, daß Veränderungen in der Ernährung oder Änderungen in der Tageslänge zu einem Verlust der Kälteresistenz führen. Die Cypriden waren wesentlich weniger widerstandsfähig, sowohl gegenüber hohen wie niedrigen Temperaturen, als überwinternde Adulte und die ältesten Embryostadien. Während der Metamorphose zeigte sich eine merkliche Erhöhung der Temperaturresistenz. Das Auftreten der Kälteresistenz beim Adultus fiel mit einer Periode „physiologischen Winterschlafs“ zusammen, wobei gewisse Gewebe reduziert wurden und Nahrungsaufnahme, Atmung und biosynthetische Aktivität nachließen. Dieser stoffwechselphysiologische Aktivitätsrückgang könnte ein Faktor sein, der die beobachtete erhöhte Kältetoleranz fördert. Außerdem wird möglicherweise auch die Zusammensetzung der Körperflüssigkeiten während des Winters so verändert, daß die Gewebe geschützt werden.
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