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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanism-Italy-Stromboli. ; Stromboli (Italy)-Eruption, 2002. ; Stromboli (Italy)-Eruption, 2003. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (411 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118671474
    Serie: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.182
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- The Stromboli Volcano: An Integrated Study of the 2002-2003 Eruption-Introduction -- Section I: The Volcanic System of Stromboli -- Geological-Structural Framework of Stromboli Volcano, Past Collapses, and the Possible Influence on the Events of the 2002-2003 -- Volcanology and Magma Geochemistry of the Present-Day Activity: Constraints on the Feeding System -- Dynamics of Strombolian Activity -- Fluid Geochemistry of Stromboli -- Crater Gas Emissions and the Magma Feeding System of Stromboli Volcano -- Upper Conduit Structure and Explosion Dynamics at Stromboli -- Section II: Eruption Onset -- Volcanic and Seismic Activity at Stromboli Preceding the 2002-2003 Flank Eruption -- The Eruptive Activity of 28 and 29 December 2002 -- Geochemical Prediction of the 2002-2003 Stromboli Eruption From Variations in C02 and Rn Emissions and in Helium and Carbon Isotopes -- Section III: Landslides, Tsunami, and the Sciara del Fuoco Instability -- Slope Failures Induced by the December 2002 Eruption at Stromboli Volcano -- The Double Landslide-Induced Tsunami -- Deep-Sea Deposits of the Stromboli 30 December 2002 Landslide -- Integrated Subaerial-Submarine Morphological Evolution of the Sciara del Fuoco After the 2002 Landslide -- Movements of the Sciara del Fuoco -- Section IV: The Lava Flow Emission on the Sciara Del Fuoco -- Evolution of the Lava Flow Field by Daily Thermal and Visible Airborne Surveys -- Textural and Compositional Characteristics of Lavas Emitted During the December 2002 to July 2003 Stromboli Eruption (Italy): In -- 2002-2003 Lava Flow Eruption of Stromboli: A Contribution to Understanding Lava Discharge Mechanisms Using Periodic Digital Phot -- Gas Flux Rate and Migration of the Magma Column -- Variations of Soil Temperature, CO2 Flux, and Meteorological Parameters. , Seismological Insights on the Shallow Magma System -- Fluid Circulation and Permeability Changes in the Summit Area of Stromboli Volcano -- Section V: The 5th April Paroxysmal Explosive Event -- The 5 April 2003 Explosion of Stromboli: Timing of Eruption Dynamics Using Thermal Data -- The Paroxysmal Event and Its Deposits -- Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Isotopic Characteristics of the Ejecta From the 5 April 2003 Paroxysm at Stromboli, Italy: Infer -- The 5 April 2003 Paroxysm at Stromboli: A Review of Geochemical Observations -- Ground Deformation From Ground-Based SAR Interferometry -- Section VI: Risk Management -- Stromboli (2002-2003) Crisis Management and Risk Mitigation Actions -- Stromboli 2002-2003 Eruption -- Index.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 1 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Magnetic secular variation is recorded as a quasi-rhythmical process of uncertain origin. Rhythmic changes recorded in the Scisti a Fucoidi in the central Apennines of Italy, pelagic sediments of Mid-Cretaceous (Late Albian) age, show strong correspondence to patterns of orbital variation. In the same strata cyclic magnetic variations are found with peaks in the same range (105, 40, 26,19 kyr). These results appear to support earlier suggestions that secular variations may be related to these astronomical patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The Aptian-Albian ‘Scisti a Fucoidi’ varicoloured pelagic sediments in central Italy, show a ‘couplet’ alternation of carbonate-rich/carbonate-poor layers, which are interpreted as the sedimentary expression of precession (frequency 19–23 kyr). Carbonate content, chromatic variation, and planktonic foraminiferal abundance were analysed at a 1-cm spacing for a 10-m interval of the Piobbico core, specifically drilled through this formation. Spectral analysis of these parameters shows a prominent signal equated to the c. 100 kyr cycle of orbital eccentricity at a sedimentation rate of 5 mm kyr−1. The coherency of the spectral response of each parameter suggests that a single mechanism controlled the whole sedimentary record. Detailed study of planktonic foraminiferal distribution of the same section at 1-mm scale resolves the Milankovitch frequencies of 41 kyr and 18 to 23 kyr, equated with the obliquity and precessional cycles. But foraminiferal abundance is not in phase with carbonate content, which was largely controlled by calcareous nannofossils, but peaked at intermediate carbonate values. The proposed model for explaining the discrepancy at the precessional level is that foraminifera thrived at intermediate values of the precession index, when the environment was only moderately fertile but stable, while during highs of the precession index, mixing of the water column increased fertility and caused calcareous nannofossil blooms and restriction of planktonic foraminifera to few and tolerant species. The resulting bimodality of foraminiferal abundance per precessional cycle appears to be recorded in the spectrum by peaks at the 11 and 14 kyr levels. Cross correlation of foraminiferal abundances with the calcium carbonate curve over 1–2 Myr intervals produces discrepant results (apparent phase lags) which we attribute to differences in the response to the fundamental eccentricity cycles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Devastation associated with tsunamis is well known on the global scale. Flank collapse at volcanic islands is among the mechanisms triggering tsunamis, but very few examples document interaction between landslides and volcanic activity. The study of three well-preserved medieval tsunami deposits recently discovered along the coast of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) enabled a detailed characterization of the tsunami sequences intercalated with volcaniclastic deposits and primary tephra and allowed reconstruction of the likely sequence of volcanic events. In one case, a violent explosion possibly preceded the tsunami, whereas in the youngest event, the lateral collapse of the volcano flank triggered a tsunami wave that was rapidly followed by sustained explosive magmatic activity and ensuing prolonged ash venting. The hypothesized tsunami-triggering dynamics suggests a close link between volcanic activity and flank collapse, further confirming that the persistent activity at Stromboli makes the volcano particularly susceptible to tsunami generation.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Devastation associated with tsunamis is well known on the global scale. Flank collapse at volcanic islands is among the mechanisms triggering tsunamis, but very few examples document interaction between landslides and volcanic activity. The study of three well-preserved medieval tsunami deposits recently discovered along the coast of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) enabled a detailed characterization of the tsunami sequences intercalated with volcaniclastic deposits and primary tephra and allowed reconstruction of the likely sequence of volcanic events. In one case, a violent explosion possibly preceded the tsunami, whereas in the youngest event, the lateral collapse of the volcano flank triggered a tsunami wave that was rapidly followed by sustained explosive magmatic activity and ensuing prolonged ash venting. The hypothesized tsunami-triggering dynamics suggests a close link between volcanic activity and flank collapse, further confirming that the persistent activity at Stromboli makes the volcano particularly susceptible to tsunami generation.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-03
    Beschreibung: Since 1938, Nyamulagira volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) has operated as a classic pressurized basaltic closed system, characterized by frequent dike-fed flank eruptions. However, on June 24, 2014, an active lava lake was observed in its summit, after a period of 76 years. The small lava lake is now exposed at the bottom of a pit-crater and is rising and growing. Based on satellite-derived infrared (IR) data, SO2 fluxes and periodic field surveys, we provide evidence that the development of the lava lake was gradual and occurred more than 2 years before it was first observed in the field. Notably, this process followed the voluminous 2011–2012 distal flank eruption and was coeval with weakening of the central rock column below the summit. Hence, the opening and development of the pit-crater favoured the continuous rise of fresh magma through the central conduit and promoted the gradual “re-birth” of the Nyamulagira lava lake. Budgeted volumes of magma erupted, and magma degassed at depth indicate that the formation of the lava lake is due to the draining and refilling of a shallow plumbing system (1–2 km depth), probably in response to the rift-parallel 2011–2012 distal eruption. We thus suggest that the transition from lateral to central activity did not result from a substantial change in the magma supply rate but, more likely, from the perturbation of the plumbing system (and related stress field) associated with the distal eruption. The processes observed at Nyamulagira are not unique and suggest that rift-fissure eruptions, in addition to triggering caldera collapses or lava lake drainages, may also induce a progressive resumption of central vent activity. Current activity at Nyamulagira represents a tangible and major hazard for the population living at the base of its southern flank.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 20
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-16
    Beschreibung: The temporal evolution of effusion rate is the main controlling factor of lava spreading and emplacement conditions. Therefore, it represents the most relevant parameter for characterizing the dynamics of effusive eruptions and thus for assessing the volcanic hazard associated with this type of volcanism. Since the effusion rate curves can provide important insights into the properties of the magma feeding system, several efforts have been performed for their classification and interpretation. Here, a recently published numerical model is employed for studying the effects of magma source and feeding dike properties on the main characteristics (e.g., duration, erupted mass, and effusion rate trend) of small‐volume effusive eruptions, in the absence of syn‐eruptive magma injection from deeper storages. We show that the total erupted mass is mainly controlled by magma reservoir conditions (i.e., dimensions and overpressure) prior to the eruption, whereas conduit processes along with reservoir properties can significantly affect mean effusion rate, and thus, they dramatically influence eruption duration. Simulations reproduce a wide variety of effusion rate trends, whose occurrence is controlled by the complex competition between conduit enlargement and overpressure decrease due to magma withdrawal. These effusion rate curves were classified in four groups, which were associated with the different types described in the literature. Results agree with the traditional explanation of effusion rate curves and provide new insights for interpreting them, highlighting the importance of magma reservoir size, initial overpressure, and initial width of the feeding dike in controlling the nature of the resulting effusion rate curve.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2019JB01930
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): effusive eruption ; basaltic eruptions ; numerical modeling ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-02
    Beschreibung: Volcanic activity is always accompanied by the transfer of heat from the Earth’s crust to the atmosphere. This heat can be measured from space and its measurement is a very useful tool for detecting volcanic activity on a global scale. MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity) is an automatic volcano hot spot detection system, based on the analysis of MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system is able to detect, locate and quantify thermal anomalies in near real-time, by providing, on a dedicated website (www.mirovaweb.it), infrared images and thermal flux time-series on over 200 volcanoes worldwide. Thanks to its simple interface and intuitive representation of the data, MIROVA is currently used by several volcano observatories for daily monitoring activities and reporting. In this paper, we present the architecture of the system and we provide a state of the art on satellite thermal data usage for operational volcano monitoring and research. In particular, we describe the contribution that the thermal data have provided in order to detect volcanic unrest, to forecast eruptions and to depict trends and patterns during eruptive crisis. The current limits and requirements to improve the quality of the data, their distribution and interpretation are also discussed, in the light of the experience gained in recent years within the volcanological community. The results presented clearly demonstrate how the open access of satellite thermal data and the sharing of derived products allow a better understanding of ongoing volcanic phenomena, and therefore constitute an essential requirement for the assessment of volcanic hazards.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 362
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: A workshop entitled “Tracking and understanding volcanic emissions through cross37 disciplinary integration: A textural working group.” was held at the Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand, France) on the 6-7th November 2012. This workshop was supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF). The main objective of the workshop was to establish an initial advisory group to begin to define measurements, methods, formats and standards to be applied in the integration of geophysical, physical and textural data collected during volcanic eruptions so as to homogenize procedures to be applied and integrated during both past and ongoing events. The working group comprised a total of 35 scientists from six countries (France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland and Iceland). The group comprised eleven advisors from the textural analysis field, eleven from deposit studies, seven geochemists and six geophysicists. The four main aims were to discuss and define: 1) Standards, precision and measurement protocols for textural analysis; 2) Identify textural, field deposit, chemistry and geophysical parameters that can best be measured and combined; 3) Agree on the best delivery formats so that data can be sheared between, and easily used by, each group; 4) Review multi-disciplinary sampling and measurement routines currently used, and measurement standards applied, by each community. The group agreed that community-wide cross-disciplinary integration, centered on defining those measurements and formats that can be best combined, is an attainable but key global focus. Consequently, we prepared a final document to be used as the foundation for a larger, international textural working group to serve as the basis of fully realizing such a pandisciplinary goal in volcanology. Thus, we here report our initial conclusions and recommendations.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 49
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Earth Science Department of the Florence University http://www.unifi.it/) in Italy has a long experience in monitoring avalanches, volcano and seismic activities in the infrasound band, also in the framework of several international and EU funded project, and in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO, http://www.ctbto.org/) activities. The Seismological Research Center (http://www.crs.inogs.it/) of the OGS (Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, http://www.inogs.it/) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the North-eastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 17 very sensitive broad band and 18 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data centre in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about 100 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy (Bragato et al., 2011). In 2012 in the Fadalto area in the Belluno province in Northeast Italy several strong rumbles were heard, which eventually scared population and concerned authorities. OGS and University of Firenze installed in cooperation a real time seismic and infrasound monitoring system in the area. A description of the technical system capabilities, together with the preliminary results of the analysis of several months of recordings will be here illustrated.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Trieste, Italy
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): integrated monitoring ; Seismic monitoring ; infrasound monitoring ; Fadalto ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Extended abstract
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