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  • 1
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    Precipitation Over Southern Africa: Moisture Sources and Isotopic Composition (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-14
    Description: Southern Africa, with its vast arid to semiarid areas, is considered vulnerable to precipitation changes and amplifying weather extremes. However, during the last 100 ka, huge lakes existed in the currently dry central Kalahari. It has been suggested that these lakes could have existed due to altered atmospheric circulation pattern, leading to an increase in precipitation or to changes in the annual precipitation distribution. Past climate changes are recorded in paleo‐archives, yet, for a proper interpretation of paleo‐records, for example, from sedimentological archives or fossils, it is essential to put them in a context with recent observations. This study’s objective is, therefore, to analyze spatially differing annual precipitation distributions at multiple locations in southern Africa with respect to their stable water isotope composition, moisture transport pathways, and sources. Five different precipitation distributions are identified by end‐member modeling and respective rainfall zones are inferred, which differ significantly in their isotopic compositions. By calculating backward trajectories, different moisture source regions are identified for the rainfall zones and linked to typical circulation patterns. Our results furthermore show the importance of the seasonality, the amount effect, and the traveled distance of the moisture for the general isotopic composition over the entire southern Africa. The identified pattern and relationships can be useful in the evaluation of isotope‐enabled climate models for the region and are potentially of major importance for the interpretation of stable water isotope composition in paleo‐records in future research.
    Description: Key Points: We identified five different annual precipitation distributions in southern Africa that cluster in space and define rainfall zones. Lagrangian source diagnostic shows that the rainfall zones have notably different moisture sources. The isotopic composition differs significantly between rainfall zones.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.944811
    Description: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6
    Description: http://iacweb.ethz.ch/staff/sprenger/lagranto/
    Description: https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/products.php
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v3
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38R2N
    Description: https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/
    Description: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/EMMAgeo/index.html
    Description: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/party/index.html
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic ; stable water isotopes ; precipitation end‐member ; random forest ; annual rainfall distribution ; moisture pathways
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in platelet count following short course therapy with recombinant alpha-2b-interferon in immune thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two boys, aged three and seven years with immune thrombocytopenic purpura continued to show platelet counts below 20, 000/mm3 inspite of treatment with high dose gammaglobulin and steroids. Alpha-2b-in-terferon injections were followed by normalisation of platelet counts in both patients. No side effects were seen. Alpha-interferon may be a safe and effective treatment for childhood-ITP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00058.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tobacco smoke enhances allergic bronchial sensitization in the guinea pig (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 1 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Passive smoking has been shown to cause increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infection and wheezing in young children and an inceased risk of childhood asthma. To evaluate possible influence of tobacco smoke on allergic bronchial sensitization we exposed guinea pigs to tobacco smoke in 3 concentrations of clean air (control group) for 8 h on 5 consecutive days (median plasma cotinine 5. 0—25. 4—87, 2 ng/l). The animals were sensitized by repeated inhalation with ovalbumin. Histologic examination at the end of exposure revealed reactive epithelial hyperplasia and regenerative changes as well as inflammatory reaction mainly in the lung periphery, and histamine provocation showed increased bronchial reactivity at the end of tobacco smoke exposure. Sensitization was measured by specific bronchial provocation testing using body plethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA) and specific anti-ovalbumin-antibodies of the IgG1-subclass in the serum, measured by direct ELISA in ELISA units (EU). The group with the highest tobacco smoke exposure differed significantly in bronchial reactivity on specific bronchial provocation tests (p 〈 0.005) compared with the control groups and showed elevated unspecific IgG1-antibody levels indicating enhanced sensitization. We conclude that intensive exposure to tobacco smoke over a short period of 5 d can enhance inhalational allergic sensitization in the guinea pig and might explain the increased incidence of respiratory allergies in child passive smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00005.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of adjuvant factors on development of allergy Evidence from animal experiments (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00172.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parainfluenza-3-virus infection enhances allergic sensitization in the guinea-pig (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Viral respiratory tract infections have been previously considered to be associated with induction of allergic sensitization.Objective and Methods In order to investigate this relationship in an animal model, guinea-pigs were inoculated intranasally with Parainfluenza-3-(PI-3) virus (n= 16) or virus-free culture medium (controls, n= 12), sensitized at day 4 with inhaled ovalbumin (OA) and challenged 3 weeks later with inhaled OA using specific bronchial provocation testing with body piethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA). Furthermore, specific anti-OA-IgGl-antibodies in serum before challenge were determined by enzyme hnked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For investigation of airway epithelium permeability horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was inhaled at day 4 after inoculation by six animals, and HRP serum concentrations were determined by a direct ELISA 30 min after inhalation.Results PI-3 infected animals were found to be significantly more sensitized to OA compared with controls, with higher CA values (P 〈 0.001) on specific bronchial provocation and with increased specific anti-OA-IgGl titers. Serum-HRP concentrations were about 20 times higher in the infected animals compared with controls. PI-3 infected and sham-infected animals had comparable bronchial reactions on specific provocation with OA when sensitized systemically.Conclusions We conclude that viral respiratory tract infection with PI-3 virus enhances inhaiative allergic sensitization in the guinea-pig. Increased mucosal permeability to antigens may be an important pathophysiological mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00583.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formaldehyde exposure enhances inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formaldehyde (FA), a common indoor air pollutant, has been associated with increased prevalence rates of asthmatic symptoms among exposed individuals in epidemiologic surveys. We studied the influence of FA exposure on inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. Three groups of guinea pigs (n= 12 each) were exposed to clean air or two different FA concentrations (0.13 and 0.25 ppm) over 5 consecutive days. Exposure was followed by inhalation of 0.5% ovalbumin (OA) as sensitizing allergen. Three weeks later, specific bronchial provocation with OA was performed with body plethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA). Furthermore, specific anti-OA-IgGI (reaginic) antibodies were determined in serum. In a further six animals, the respiratory tract was examined histologically for signs of inflammation directly after the end of FA or clean air exposure. In the group exposed to 0.25 ppm FA, 10/12 animals were found to be sensitized to OA (positive reaction on specific provocation) vs. 3/12 animals in the control group (P〈0.01). Furthermore, CA measurements of specific bronchial provocation and serum anti-OA-antibodies were significantly higher in the 0.25 ppm FA group than in controls (CA 0.35 vs. 0.09 ml median, P〈0.01; anti-OA-IgC1 13 vs. 〈10 EU median, P〈0.05), indicating enhanced sensitization. In the group exposed to 0.13 ppm FA, no significant difference was found compared to the control group. There was no sign of inflammation of the lower airways in FA-exposed guinea pigs other than mucosal edema, which was discovered by morphometry. We conclude that short-term exposure to a low concentration of FA (0.25 ppm) can significantly enhance sensitization to inhaled allergens in the guinea pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04564.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of periocular skin changes with the erbium: YAG laser (1998)
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 95 (1998), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Erbium:YAG laser • Dermablation • ; Syringoma • Xanthelasma ; Schlüsselwörter Erbium:YAG-Laser • Dermablation • Syringome • Xanthelasmen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Zahlreiche Hautveränderungen, die von Patienten als kosmetisch störend empfunden werden, manifestieren sich in periokulären Hautarealen. Während konventionelle Methoden wie die Exzision, die Elektrokauterisierung und die Kryotherapie oft nur unbefriedigende Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung solcher Hautveränderungen erbrachten, stehen zur Zeit vor allem Lasersysteme im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Patienten und Methoden: 104 Patienten mit periokulären Hautveränderungen (Falten, Xanthelasmen, Syringome) wurden mit dem Erbium:YAG-Laser behandelt. Dieser arbeitet mit einer Wellenlänge von 2940 nm, einer Pulsbreite von 0,350 ms und einer Pulsenergie von 0,1–1,7 Joules. Ergebnisse: Der Erbium:YAG-Laser gewährleistet durch seine extrem kurze Impulsdauer eine narbenfreie, athermische Feinstablation sehr dünner Hautschichten mit Minimierung der Schäden in der Umgebung der behandelten Hautareale. Bei allen behandelten Patienten konnte ein ansprechendes kosmetisches Ergebnis erzielt werden. Schlußfolgerung: Wir sehen in der Anwendung des Erbium:YAG-Laser bei richtiger Vorgehensweise eine schonende und effektive neue Methode zur Behandlung verschiedener periokulärer Gesichtshautveränderungen.
    Notes: Introduction: A great number of cosmetically disturbing, cutaneous lesions are localized in the periocular region. While various approaches for treatment such as excision, electrocauterization or cryosurgery often show unsatisfactory results, the use of laser technology is of increasing interest. Material and methods: A total of 104 patients with different cutaneous periorbital lesions (wrinkles, xanthelasma, syringoma) were treated with a new erbium:YAG laser system (wavelength 2940 nm, pulse duration 0,350 ms and pulse energy 0,1–1,7 Joules), which works on the principle of vaporization. Results: The erbium:YAG laser allows athermic ablation of very thin skin layers without scarring and with minimal lateral thermal injury due an extremely short pulse duration. Periorbital lesions can be treated effectively by erbium:YAG laser, and good to excellent cosmetic results can be obtained. Conclusions: The use of pulsed erbium: YAG laser is an effective and promising new method for treatment of different superficial periorbital cutaneous lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003470050351
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kontrollierte Feinstdermablation im Gesichtsbereich mit dem Erbium:YAG-Laser (1999)
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Erbium:YAG-Laser ; Dermablation ; Skin ; resurfacing ; Key words Erbium:YAG laser ; Dermal ablation ; Skin resurfacing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The erbium:YAG laser (wavelength 2940 nm; pulse duration 0.350 ms; pulse energy 0.1–1.7 J) allows vaporization of very thin skin layers without scarring and minimal lateral thermal injury due to an extremely short pulse duration. It permits exact ablation of relatively large areas of facial skin. We report our results with 216 patients following treatment for different facial lesions (facial wrinkles, acne scars, syringomas, and circumscribed sebaceous gland hyperplasia) using a new erbium:YAG laser system. Good-to-excellent cosmetic results were obtained in these patients. Our findings show that the erbium:YAG laser is an elegant and promising new method for the treatment of facial lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Erbium:YAG-Laser (2940 nm Wellenlänge; 0,350 ms Pulsbreite; 0,1-1,7 J Pulsenergie) gewährleistet durch seine extrem kurze Impulsdauer eine narbenfreie Ablation sehr dünner Hautschichten mit Minimierung thermisch bedingter Schäden in der Umgebung der behandelten Hautareale. Er erlaubt ein kontolliertes, exaktes Arbeiten und ermöglicht eine großflächige Behandlung der Haut im Gesichtsbereich. Wir berichten über unsere Ergebnisse an 216 Patienten, die wegen verschiedener störender Hautveränderungen im Gesichtsbereich (Hautfältchen, Aknenarben, Syringome, Talgdrüsenhyperplasien) mit dem Erbium:YAG-Laser behandelt wurden und gute bis sehr gute kosmetische Ergebnisse nach der Laserbehandlung zeigten. Wir sehen in der Anwendung des Erbium:YAG-Laser eine elegante und vielversprechende neue Methode zur Behandlung verschiedener Gesichtshautveränderungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050365
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einsatz eines intraoralen Schnarchtherapiegerätes aus thermolabilem Kunststoff (2000)
    Springer
    HNO 48 (2000), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Intraorales Schnarchtherapiegerät ; Schlafapnoe ; Schnarchen ; Therapie ; Key words ; Oral appliance ; Sleep apnea ; Snoring ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Oral appliances are used to treat snoring and sleep apnea. Yet, their success cannot be predicted without a therapeutical trial. This uncertainty and the high prices of the appliances are the reasons for their limited use. We tested a cheap, custom fit mandibular advancement device (SnorBan®) for the treatment of sleep disordered breathing in order to assess its efficacy. 39 consecutive patients (51,1 ± 9,2 years, BMI = 27,4 ± 4,5 kg/m2) with different degrees of sleep disordered breathing (AHI = 16,6/h ± 15,6/h) received the device after a thorough clinical examination. After getting used to the device a second polysomnography was performed. The AHI improved significantly from 16,6/h to 8,2/h (p〈0,01) in the whole group. The only patient who became worse could not get used to the device. Time with snoring dropped significantly from 16,3% to 6,6%. 59,1% of the sleep apnea patients were successfully treated as their RDI dropped below 10/h. The sleep efficiency remained unchanged. Slow wave sleep and REM-sleep increased significantly from 12% to 16% (p〈0,05). The overall compliance was 75%. The custom fit mandibular advancement device Snorban® is a cheap and effective treatment for a number of patients with snoring and sleep apnea. The oral appliance is proven to be a useful and simple, non-surgical treatment option. Polysomnographic follow-up is mandatory as breathing may worsen with the device while asleep.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Intraorale Schnarchtherapiegeräte (IST-Geräte) werden seit einigen Jahren zur Therapie von schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen eingesetzt. Die hohen Herstellungskosten bei nicht vorhersagbarer Erfolgsrate haben die Verbreitung in Deutschland bisher limitiert. Wir untersuchten die objektive Wirksamkeit einer intraoralen, progenierenden Schiene aus thermolabilem Kunststoff (SnorBan®), die ohne vorherige Anfertigung eines Gipsmodells direkt angepaßt werden kann. 39 konsekutiv ausgewählte Patienten (51,1 ± 9,2 Jahre, BMI = 27,4 ± 4,5 kg/m2) mit schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen unterschiedlicher Ausprägung wurden in einer Fallserie mit SnorBan® versorgt und erschienen im Mittel 4 Wochen nach Anpassung zur Nachuntersuchung. Es wurden polysomnographische und klinische Parameter ohne und mit IST-Gerät verglichen. Der Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index (AHI) sank hochsignifikant von 16,6/h auf 8,2/h (p〈0,01). 59,1% der Schlafapnoiker wurden erfolgreich behandelt, da ihr AHI unter 10/h sank. Der einzige Patient mit einer Zunahme des AHI (von 6,5/h auf 25,6/h) konnte sich nicht an die Prothese gewöhnen. Die Schnarchzeit nahm signifikant von 16,3% auf 6,6% ab (p〈0,05). Die Schlafeffizienz änderte sich nicht signifikant, während der Arousalindex signifikant (p〈0,05) abnahm, der Tiefschlaf- und Traumschlafanteil jeweils von 12% auf 16% signifikant (p〈0,05) zunahm. Die Compliance der Prothesennutzung lag bei 75%. Die direkt anpassbare, progenierende Schiene SnorBan® ist eine günstige, einfache und effektive Behandlung für einen Teil der Patienten mit Schnarchen und Schlafapnoe. Eine polysomnographische Therapiekontrolle ist erforderlich, da eine Verschlechterung der Atmung im Schlaf möglich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langsam wachsender Wangentumor (2000)
    Springer
    HNO 48 (2000), S. 782-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050660
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