Note: Intro -- CO2 Acidification in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Integrative Approach to Risk Assessment -- Copyright -- Editors' dedication and quote -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors' biographies -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One: Risk assessment in aquatic ecosystem: CO2 acidification generalities -- Challenge -- Inspiration and general overview -- Book structure -- Chapter Two: Sources of CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems, natural versus anthropogenic -- Anthropogenic sources of CO2 enrichment in aquatic ecosystems -- Increase of CO2 in the atmosphere: Climate change and ocean acidification -- Increase of CO2 in the atmosphere and ocean acidification -- Natural processes involved in the CO2 enrichment in aquatic ecosystems -- Organic matter diagenesis -- Underwater volcanic emissions -- Mitigation technologies for the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere -- Capture and storage of CO2 in stable underwater structures -- Risks associated with the carbon capture and storage in aquatic ecosystems -- Natural carbon sinks -- Climate emergency declaration -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Three: Risk assessment of CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems: A weight-of-evidence approach -- Objective -- Contamination and pollution processes in aquatic systems -- Classic methodologies: Lines of evidence -- Toxicity in sediments of aquatic ecosystems -- Chemical analysis in water and sediments -- Chemical analysis on organisms and their tissues -- Determination of histological alteration in tissues of organisms -- Characterization of the structure of the macrobenthic community -- Advances in the use of integrated methods for risk assessment in environmental quality studies -- Risk assessment and management approaches -- References -- Chapter Four: Using chemical lines of evidence to address acidification -- Introduction -- Aquatic chemistry. , Chemical interpretation of ocean acidification -- Physicochemical consequences of ocean acidification: Direct physiological effects of the alteration of seawater chemistry -- Direct effects of ocean acidification -- Biogeochemical implications of ocean acidification -- Side effects of ocean acidification -- Speciation of chemical elements under acidification -- Metals -- Other chemicals -- Final remarks -- References -- Chapter Five: The use of toxicity tests to address the impact of CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems -- Toxicity tests meaning and history -- Experimental test -- Types of experimental tests -- Mimicking CO2 acidification in toxicity tests -- Bioaccumulation -- References -- Chapter Six: Addressing the effects of CO2 acidification under ``in situ´´ conditions: Laboratory against field surveys -- Objective -- Marine ecotoxicology in a global climate change context -- Experimental design -- Field studies and resident infauna -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Seven: Integrating causes and effects in CO2 acidification -- The challenge -- Objectives -- WoE comparison in two aquatic ecosystems in Brazil and Spain -- References -- Chapter Eight: Legal and economic consequences of anthropogenic CO2 acidification -- International political-legal framework for ocean acidification -- Legal overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS): A tool for removing CO2 as a mitigation measure for OA and climate in d ... -- Final remarks -- References -- Chapter Nine: The consequence of CO2 acidification in the harmful effects of emerging contaminants: pharmaceuticals, pers ... -- Final remarks -- References -- Chapter Ten: Phenotypic plasticity under CO2 scenarios -- The challenge -- Species responses to ocean acidification (OA) -- Do not forget your past experience -- Life-cycle matters -- The vulnerability of early stages. , Transgenerational responses -- The key is in the cue, its reliability, and the reaction time -- What are germ line cells and why are they so important? -- ``Nongenetic´´ inheritance -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Eleven: Advance in studies of CO2 acidification in freshwater ecosystems: sources, impacts, etc. -- Acidification in freshwater ecosystems -- Effects of acidification -- Difference between ocean and freshwater acidification -- Acidification caused by elevated CO2 in freshwater -- Recent advances -- Acidification risk assessment -- References -- Chapter Twelve: Overview on the impacts of CO2 acidification in a very sensible and complex system: The cenotes, Yucatan, ... -- Groundwater and cenotes -- Groundwater -- Groundwater sources in the Yucatan Peninsula -- The cenotes system -- Karstification -- Groundwater hydrochemistry of the Yucatan Peninsula -- Implications of CO2 acidification in the carbonic chemistry of cenotes -- State-of-the-art research conducted in the cenotes related to the CO2 acidification -- Impacts of increasing global CO2 concentrations according to different projections -- Final remarks -- References -- Chapter Thirteen: CO2 acidification and pandemic situation -- Objectives -- The pandemic situation and the acidification of CO2 in aquatic ecosystems -- The influence of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in risk assessment at ecosystem and human levels -- The viral replication mechanism can influence microbial efficiency, the carbon sequestration rate, and greenhouse gas emiss ... -- The role of viruses and microorganisms in the weight of evidence approach to quantifying pollution -- Scenario 1 -- Scenario 2 -- References -- Chapter Fourteen: Industrial mitigation of CO2 acidification: The gin and tonic approach -- Disclaimer and acknowledgement -- Objectives. , The mitigation of CO2 emissions, the industrial solution -- Industry efforts and the mitigation of CO2 emissions -- Utilization of CO2 captured from the emissions of industrial processes -- The gin and tonic approach -- Quinine and tonic -- The use of CO2 in tonic waters -- The gin -- The gin and tonic -- CO2 acidification and the G& -- T approach to raw data -- References -- Index.