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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of qualitative and quantitative physical land evaluations, using an assessment of the potential for sugar-beet growth in the European Community (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 8 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Qualitative and quantitative physical land evaluations differ in their technical procedures, i.e. use of expert knowledge versus process-orientated simulation models. This paper compares the results of both procedures using the growth potential for sugar-beet in the European Community. Qualitative procedures give suitability expressions, such as land being well suited or moderately suited for a given land use. Less than 30% of EC land was found to be well suited or moderately suited under water-limited conditions. No quantitative expressions for the crop yield potential are, however, produced. The quantitative procedure describes suitability in terms of average crop yield and its temporal variability. Water-limited and potential dry matter yields of sugar-beet were estimated to range from 3.5 to 20 t/ha, and from 6 to 25 t/ha, respectively.Comparison of results of the qualitative and quantitative procedures for regions showed that the suitability classes obtained by the former can be characterized by different yield distributions derived from the latter. These yield assessments showed that results of qualitative land evaluation procedures aimed at assessing yield potential are meaningful only when they are linked to agroclimatic zones. The comparison also showed that some moderate restrictions, which often can be counteracted by adequate farm management, are not incorporated into the quantitative procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1992.tb00899.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of critical loads and their exceedance on European forests using a one-layer steady-state model (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 72 (1994), S. 357-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Critical loads for N, S and total acidity, and amounts by which they are exceeded by present atmospheric loads, were derived for coniferous and deciduous forests in Europe using the one-layer steady-state model START. Results indicated that present acid loads exceed critical values in approximately 45% of the forested area i.e. 52% of all coniferous forests and 33% of all deciduous forests. The area exceeding critical loads was nearly equal for N (50%) and S (52%). However, the maximum exceedances were much higher for S (up to 12000 molc ha−1 yr−1 in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Germany) than for N (up to 3500 molc ha−1 yr−1 in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany). Furthermore, the critical N loads derived refer to the risk of increased vegetation changes. Higher values, i.e. lower exceedances, were found for N when it was related to an increased risk in forest vitality decrease. The uncertainty in the area exceeding critical loads was estimated to be about ±50% of the given value. This is mainly due to uncertainties in the chemical criteria that have been used. However, despite the uncertainties involved it is clear that large exceedances in critical N and S loads occur in Western and Central Europe. This coincides with the area where a decrease in forest vitality has been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257134
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of soil response to acidic deposition scenarios in Europe (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 78 (1994), S. 215-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The chemical response of European forest soils to three emission-deposition scenarios for the years 1960–2050, i.e. official energy pathways (OEP), current reduction plans (CRP) and maximum feasible reductions (MFR), was evaluated with the SMART model (Simulation Model for Acidification's Regional Trends). Calculations were made for coniferous and deciduous forests on 80 soil types occurring on the FAO soil map of Europe, using a gridnet of 1.0 ° longitude x 0.5 ° latitude. Results indicated that the area with nitrogen saturated soils, i.e. soils with elevated NO3 concentrations (〉 0.02 molc m−3) will increase in the future for all scenarios, even for the MFR scenario. The area with acidified soils, with a high Al concentration (〉 0.2 molc m−3) and Al/BC ratio (〉 1 mol mol−3) and a low pH (〈 4) and base saturation (〈 5%), was predicted to increase for the OEP scenario and to decrease for the MFR scenario. The CRP scenario resulted in a continuous increase in the forested area with an Al/BC ratio above critical values. A small decrease was predicted in the area exceeding a critical Al concentration up to the year 2000 followed by a slight increase after 2000. Areas with very high NO3 and Al concentrations mainly occurred in western, central and eastern Europe. Uncertainties in the initial values of C/N ratios and base saturation, and in the description of N dynamics in the SMART model had the largest impact on the temporal development of forested areas exceeding critical parameter values. Despite uncertainties involved, predicted general trends are plausible and reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483034
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the response of terrestrial ecosystems to acidification and desiccation scenarios (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1101-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Modelling ; Soil Acidification ; Vegetation Changes ; National Assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Changes in vegetation are often caused by changes in abiotic site factors, such as pH, nitrogen availability and soil moisture. It has been recognized that abiotic site factors are affected by atmospheric deposition and groundwater-table changes. In order to evaluate the effects of eutrophication, acidification and desiccation on site factors, the model SMART2 has been developed. For the Netherlands combinations of two acidification and two seepage scenarios (1990–2050) were evaluated with SMART2. The results are focused on pH, nitrogen availability and base saturation. Calculations were made for combinations of five vegetation structures on seven soil types and the five groundwater-table classes, using a 1 km2 grid. Results showed that deposition reductions lead to a relatively fast improvement of the site factors, increase in pH and base saturation and decrease in N availability. Whereas a reduction in groundwater abstractions of 25% has little or no effect on the pH and N availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477128
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Atmospheric Deposition of Non-Acidifying Substances on the Quality of European Forest Soils and the North Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 109 (1999), S. 357-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: critical load ; deposition ; heavy metals ; persistent organic pollutants ; soil quality ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In the pilot study ESQUAD the impact of atmospheric deposition of three heavy metals (cadmium, copper and lead) and two persistent organic pollutants (benzo(a)-pyrene and lindane) on the quality of European soils and seawater has been calculated. Calculations have been made of atmospheric transport and deposition using a detailed emissions database for Europe. This enabled deposition maps to be produced to a resolution of approximately 50 km. The distribution of pollutant concentrations in forest soils was calculated for each grid cell using a database of soil property parameters in Europe. For the North Sea, a model was used to map long-term concentrations in water and sediment, which are due to atmospheric deposition and other, non-atmospheric sources. The model calculations allowed detailed comparisons of deposition fluxes and concentrations of the substances studied with critical loads and environmental quality threshold values, including critical loads. Although significant uncertainties were identified, the study gives insight in how threshold exceedance rates in Europe relate to pollutant type, threshold type, environmental compartment and chemophysical phase (adsorbed, dissolved). For all pollutants and for all compartments exceedances were calculated for at least some of the quality thresholds that were chosen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005083425852
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  • 6
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    A model for simulating the timelines of field operations at a European scale for use in complex dynamic models (2012)
    In:  Biogeosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    A generic probability based model to derive regional patterns of crops in time and space (2015)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 17, EGU2015-13153, 2015
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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