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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the causes of decline of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in Central Europe (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 1 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A careful study of the etiology and symptoms of the decline phenomena in stands of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Scots pine (Pinus sylv L.), European beech (Fagus silv. L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in southern Germany leads to the conclusion that all these diseases, although exhibiting some common features (e.g. premature senescence and shedding of leaves, formation of transparent crowns), vary considerably between species and, within one particular species, between forest regions. It therefore seems plausible to assume, as a first approach, that we have to deal with different types of disease or decline, and consequently also with varying sets of causes or stress factors. This approach can be demonstrated best by reviewing the present knowledge of diseases in Norway spruce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1985.tb00650.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results and experience from amelioration trials in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of Northeastern Bavaria (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 27 (1991), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Pine plantations ; pine nutrition ; soil fertility ; amelioration ; lupin undergrowth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In southern Germany slow-growing pine forests occur on podzolic soils. They may be naturally poor in nutrients (Ca, Mg, P and N) and/or degraded by human interference (causing mainly N-losses). Comprehensive amelioration experiments initiated between 1960 and 1964 were evaluated after 17–20 years. Repeated fertilization with N alone induced P and Mg deficiency on soils low in these elements. Therefore NPMg(K) — fertilization is now recommended in combination with moderate liming. The latter procedure is aimed towards stimulating organic floor turnover and counteracting possible adverse effects of acid deposition. Repeated N dressings as nitrochalk proved to be preferable to N-cyanamide and to lupin undergrowth as an N source for improving the N economy of the pine ecosystems, CaPKMg being supplied equally in both cases. The former procedure improved the nutritional status and growth of pines effectively and without delay, and increased soil fertility without causing major losses of humus and nitrogen. Underplanting of lupins on the other hand, although enhancing soil biological activity impressively, caused considerable damage to pine roots as well as humus losses, and improved nutrition and volume growth of pines only after a prolonged lag period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pb and Cd Concentrations in a Southern Bavarian Bog Profile and the History of Vegetation as Recorded by Pollen Analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 100 (1997), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In the lower part of a raised bog profile from Langegger Filz, southern Bavaria, the Pb and Cd concentrations were comparatively low while considerably higher concentrations of both elements were observed in the upper section of the profile. The peat layers with the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd were found to date from the Iron Age, the Roman Age, and the Middle Ages. The Fagus pollen curve reflects the beginning of a beech decline exactly in those peat layers in which the start of the Pb increase is visible. Therefore it appears that metal smelting caused a local release of heavy metals which were subsequently deposited in the raised bog. Metals could only be smelted when wood was cut and burned, and beech charcoal was preferred as it produces relatively high temperatures. The good agreement between the Pb concentration profile and the pollen analyses suggests that the bog provides an accurate record of atmospheric Pb deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018328626823
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidic deposition — Extent and impact on forest soils, nutrition, growth and disease phenomena in Central Europe: A review (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 48 (1989), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The paper reviews the present knowledge: (1) about the extent of acidic deposition in Central Europe with special emphasis on the situation in the FRG, (2) about the relationships between soils and soil-mediated effects of acidic deposition on the one hand and forest diseases on the other and (3) the temporal changes of relevant soil properties during the past decades. It is concluded, that infertile soils and acidic deposition are more likely to act as regional or local than as widespread general stressors in forest ecosystems of the FRG. The more or less simultaneous outbreak of natural and of pollutant-determined diseases during the early eighties is assumed to be triggered by largescale weather stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of simulated wet sulfate deposition in forest soils assessed by a core experiment using stable sulfur isotopes (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 79 (1995), S. 243-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of elevated atmospheric SO 4 2− deposition on S cycling in forest soils were assessed in an irrigation experiment using stable S isotopes. Over a period of 20 months, core lysimeters of five acidic forest soils from Southern Germany with different parent material and pedogenesis were irrigated with solutions chemically similar to canopy throughfall. Sulfate deposition in three experimental variants corresponded to 23, 42 and 87 kg S ha−1 yr−1. The SO 4 2− used for irrigation had aδ 34S ratio of +28.0‰ CDT (Canon Diablo Troilite standard), differing by more than +25‰ from natural and anthropogenic S in Southern Germany. A combination of chemical and isotopic analyses of soil and seepage water samples was used to elucidate the fluxes and transformations of simulated wet SO 4 2− deposition in each soil core. Retention of experimentally deposited S ranged from 57±5% in coarse-grained soils low in sesquioxides and clay, to 80±8% in loamy soils with high sesquioxide content. The sesquioxide content proved to be the major factor governing S retention. The ratio of S retained as inorganic SO 4 2− (mainly by adsorption) to that incorporated into organic compounds (presumably by microbial synthesis) ranged from 2 to 4. For the organic S pool, the amount of S retained as C-bonded S exceeded by far that immobilized as ester sulfate in four of the five soils. Application of34S-enriched SO 4 2− appears to be a suitable experimental tool to assess fluxes and transformations of deposited S in forest soils, if aerobic conditions are maintained. In contrast to radioactive S tracers, the concept should be applicable not only in laboratory and lysimeter experiments, but also in long term studies of whole forest ecosystems (e.g., experimental watersheds).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standort und Ernährungszustand von Tannenbeständen (Abies alba Mill.) in der südwestdeutschen Schichtstufenlandschaft (1967)
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 86 (1967), S. 321-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01821233
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