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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population-based survey of hepatitis A virus infection in the Republic of San Marino (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 13 (1997), S. 687-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Hepatitis A ; San Marino
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 1990–1991, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus infection (anti-HAV) was assayed by the ELISA method among 1528 apparently healthy subjects, 20–85 years old in the Republic of San Marino. Subjects were selected from the list of residents by a random stratified sampling procedure with a proportional allocation by age, sex and district of residence. The overall anti-HAV prevalence was 64.7%; it increased from 28.6% in subjects 20–30 years old to 97% in those 〉 60 years (p 〈 0.01). No gender difference was observed. At the multivariate analysis age 〉 40 years (OR: 39.5; 95% CI: 12.4–126) and lowest level of schooling (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–2.9), which is a good indirect indicator of socio-economic status, resulted both independent predictors of anti-HAV seroposi-tivity. These findings reflect the improved sanitation standards in this area and indicate that the proportion of non-immune adults is increasing with a higher risk of symptomatic infection in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007395424474
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene in two cell culture-adapted HAV strains from a unique pathogenic isolate (1995)
    Springer
    Virus genes 10 (1995), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: VP1 ; HAV ; phylogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 coding region of two newly characterized, cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains (RG-SB11 and RG-SB16) were analyzed and compared with homologous regions of previously characterized HAV strains of human or monkey origin, and at different levels of tissue-culture adaptation. In particular, HM175wt and its derivative strains and MBB, LCDC1, PA21, and AGM27 isolates were considered. RG-SB11 and RG-SB16 HAV strains were derived from a pathogenic isolate from an acutely infected patient, purified from stool, and subjected to different strategies of adaptation. Several nucleotide differences were observed, but high conservation was found in the predicted VP1 protein sequences, which confirms structural constraints for this region. Furthermore, comparative amino-acid sequence analysis of VP1 from all HAV isolates studied has shown, particularly for those from naturally infected monkeys, that differences are limited to the amino and carboxy-terminal part of the molecule. The results of phylogenetic analysis have confirmed the common origin of the RG-SB11 and RG-SB16 strains. The complete nucleotide sequences of the VP1 coding region of the RG-SB11/16, HM175 derivative strains and of other HAV strains has shown that branch-length evolution can give a measure of the evolution of HAV during adaptation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01724295
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Characterization of HCV 1b Intra-Familiar Infection Through Three Generations (1999)
    Springer
    Virus genes 18 (1999), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HCV ; phylogenesis ; sequencing ; standardization ; transmission ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vertical transmission is an uncommon route of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Little is known about the way of virus spread between relatives. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence variability studies that can be used for the definition of cases of HCV transmission still need accurate standardization. In this study, we analyzed the HCV positive sera from subjects belonging to one family. Five out of seven individuals were positive both for anti-HCV and HCV-RNA. The epidemiological data, in our knowledge, excluded the possible risk of parenteral exposure to HCV for the members of the family. The genetic relatedness of the viruses infecting the members of this family was demonstrated by the phylogenetic analysis of sequences from E1 genome region. The analysis included the calculation of the genetic divergence specific index, based on the ratio of synonymous/non-synonymous mutations. By the analysis of this genome region, we demonstrated the occurrence of HCV transmission among family members. In 2 cases out of 3, Mother-to-Infant transmission was demonstrated that involved three generations of the family. Transmission by sexual route was absent. A method of sequence analysis of E1 HCV genome region is proposed as molecular approach for the definition of transmission cases of HCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008033106105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and Membrane Association of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope 1 Protein (2000)
    Springer
    Virus genes 21 (2000), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HCV E1 ; E. coli expression ; membrane protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1 protein is toxic for Escherichia coli cells. For this reason, we have cloned the E1 gene in the pET3a vector and analyzed the inducible expression of the protein in two strains of E. coli characterised by a different level of reduction of basal synthesis. The results indicated that synthesis of E1 was supported only by the BL21(DE3)pLysS strain which provides a tightest control of protein expression before the induction. The BL21(DE3)pLysS cells were then used for the expression of E1 gene, varying at its carboxy terminus in order to retain (E1, aa 192–383) or delete (E1t, aa 192–340) a C-terminal hydrophobic region that may be involved in membrane association. Following cell fractionation, E1 protein was found associated with the membrane fraction. By contrast, the truncated mutant E1t, was identified in the soluble phase suggesting a direct role for the C-terminal domain in E1 membrane association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008147715941
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