Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- Listof Tables -- Preface -- Editors -- Chapter 1 Historical Use of Toxic Plants -- 1.1 Introduction to Toxic Plants -- 1.2 Poisonous Plants as Sources of Traditional and Modern Medicines -- 1.3 Toxic Plants and Justice -- 1.3.1 Toxic Plants in Capital Punishment -- 1.3.2 Trial by Ordeal -- 1.4 Toxic Plants in Poisoned Weapons -- 1.4.1 Arrow Poisons -- 1.5 Plant Fishing Poisons/Piscicides/Ichthyotoxins -- 1.6 Poisonous Plants as Food -- 1.7 Poisonous Plants as Biopesticides -- 1.8 Toxic Psychoactive Plants for Recreational and Religious Purposes -- 1.9 Poisonous Plants in Warfare and Bioterrorism -- 1.10 Poisonous Plants as Carcinogens and Teratogens -- 1.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Classification of Phytotoxins and their Mechanisms of Action -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Endophytic Phytotoxins -- 2.1.2 Secondary Metabolites -- 2.2 Possible Categorization -- 2.2.1 Biological Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Chemical Characteristics -- 2.3 Currently Available Classification Tools -- 2.4 Role of Phytotoxin Classification -- 2.4.1 Drug Discovery -- 2.4.2 Environmental Monitoring -- 2.4.3 Phytotoxins, Aquatic Life, and Water Quality -- 2.4.4 Air Contamination -- 2.4.5 Food Contamination -- 2.4.6 Security and Safety Services -- 2.4.7 Agricultural -- 2.5 Brief Mechanisms of Action -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Poisonous Plants as Sources of Anticancer and Other Drugs -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Poisonous Plants in the Treatment of Cancer and Other Diseases -- 3.3 Poisonous Plant-Based Anticancer Drugs that are on the Market -- 3.4 Poisonous Plant-Based Drugs Against Other Diseases that are on the Market -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Drugs in Clinical Practice from Toxic Plants and Phytochemicals -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Drugs in Clinical Practice from Toxic Plants -- 4.2.1 Curare -- 4.2.2 Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System -- 4.2.2.1 Morphine -- 4.2.2.2 Cocaine -- 4.2.2.3 Ergot Alkaloids -- 4.2.3 Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine -- 4.2.4 Physostigmine and Other Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -- 4.2.5 Antitumor Agents -- 4.2.5.1 Podophyllotoxin and Etoposide -- 4.2.5.2 Taxanes -- 4.2.5.3 Vincristine and Vinblastine -- 4.2.6 Other Drugs -- 4.2.6.1 Cardiac Glycosides -- 4.2.6.2 Colchicine -- 4.2.6.3 Coumarins -- 4.2.6.4 Nicotine and the Neonicotinoids -- References -- Chapter 5 Toxicology and Health Benefits of Plant Alkaloids -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pharmacological Properties of Alkaloids -- 5.3 Toxicological Properties of Alkaloids -- 5.4 Acute and Chronic Toxicities -- 5.4.1 Genotoxicity and Tumorigenicity -- 5.4.2 Lung Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, and Teratogenicity -- 5.5 Factors that Influence the Toxicological Profile of Alkaloids -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Chemical and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Plant-Derived Neurotoxins -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Nerve Agents -- 6.3 Chemical Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity Induced by Organophosphate Nerve Agents -- 6.4 Mustards -- 6.4.1 Effect of HD on Skin -- 6.4.2 Effect of HD on Other Organs -- 6.4.3 The Activation of HD -- 6.4.4 Mechanism of Action -- 6.5 Plant Natural Neurotoxins -- 6.6 Plant Glycosides -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Phytosedatives for Drug Discovery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Treatment of Neuropsychological Disorders: The Current Scenario -- 7.3 Phytosedatives: Desirable Alternatives to Synthesized Drugs -- 7.4 Different Classes of Phytosedatives -- 7.4.1 Flavonoids -- 7.4.2 Alkaloids -- 7.4.3 Essential Oils -- 7.4.4 Other Classes of Phytosedatives -- 7.5 Plants with Reported Sedative Actions -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 8 Mushroom Species and Classification: Bioactives in Poisonous and Edible Mushrooms -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of Mushrooms -- 8.2.1 Edible Mushrooms -- 8.2.2 Non-Edible Mushrooms -- 8.3 Bioactive Agents in Mushroom Species -- 8.4 Bioactive Agents in Non-Edible Mushroom Species -- 8.4.1 Polysaccharides -- 8.4.2 Glucans -- 8.4.3 Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes -- 8.4.4 Terpenes -- 8.4.5 Phenolic Compounds -- 8.4.6 Peptides and Proteins -- 8.5 Other Bioactive Compounds of Mushroom Species -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Toxicity Protocols for Natural Products in the Drug Development Process -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 In Vitro Toxicity Testing for Natural Products -- 9.2.1 Cell Culture Method for Toxicity Testing -- 9.2.2 Cell Culture for Acute Toxicology Testing -- 9.3 Methods Used for In Vitro Toxicity Studies -- 9.3.1 MTT Assay -- 9.3.2 Neutral Red Uptake Assay -- 9.3.3 Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay -- 9.4 In Vitro Models for Liver Toxicity -- 9.5 In Vitro Models for Nephrotoxicity Studies -- 9.6 In Vitro Model for Dermal Toxicity Testing -- 9.7 Mutagenicity Testing In Vitro -- 9.7.1 Bacterial Cell System -- 9.8 Reproductive and Teratogenicity Studies In Vitro -- 9.9 In Vivo Toxicity Testing of Natural Products -- 9.9.1 Acute Toxicity Testing -- 9.9.2 Subchronic Toxicity Testing -- 9.9.3 Chronic Toxicity Testing -- 9.9.4 Dermal and Ocular Toxicity -- 9.9.5 Toxicity Testing for Fertility and Reproduction -- 9.9.6 Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with Reproduction/Developmental Testing -- 9.9.7 In Vivo Carcinogenicity Testing -- 9.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Quality Control for the Safety of Natural Products -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Quality Assurance of Herbal Products -- 10.3 Methods of Quality Control for Herbal Products -- 10.3.1 DNA-Based Technologies -- 10.3.2 Good Practice Guidelines. , 10.3.3 Chemoprofiling -- 10.3.4 Toxicology -- 10.3.5 Monographs and Pharmacopeias -- 10.3.6 Preclinical Evidence of Safety and Efficacy -- 10.3.7 Systems Biology -- 10.3.8 Animal Experimentation -- 10.3.9 Clinical Evidence of Safety and Efficacy -- 10.4 WHO Guidelines for Quality Standardization of Herbal Formulations -- 10.4.1 Quality Control of Crude Material -- 10.4.2 Identity of Plant Material -- 10.4.3 Safety Assessment and Documentation -- 10.5 Concept of Validation in Herbal Products -- 10.6 Challenges Related to Quality Control and Monitoring the Safety of Herbal Products -- References -- Chapter 11 Secondary Metabolites and Toxins of Microbial Origin for the Treatment of Diseases -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Antimicrobial Agents from Microbial Sources -- 11.3 Antifungal Agents from Microbial Sources -- 11.4 Anticancer Agents from Microbial Sources -- 11.5 Hypocholesterolemic Agents from Microbial Sources -- 11.6 Immunosuppressants from Microbial Sources -- 11.7 Enzyme Inhibitors from Microbial Sources -- 11.8 Antiparasitic Agents from Microbial Sources -- 11.9 Recent Advances in Drug Discovery from Microbial Sources -- References -- Chapter 12 Development of Phyto-Antidotes Against Adverse Chemical Agents -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Heavy Metals and their Effects on the Body -- 12.3 Detoxification Properties of Biologically Active Substances of Plant-Based Foods -- 12.3.1 Pectins -- 12.3.2 Phytin -- 12.3.3 Betalains -- 12.3.4 Phytochelatins -- 12.3.5 Ellagic Acid -- 12.3.6 Miscellaneous -- 12.4 Current State of Clinical Application of Phyto-Antidotes -- 12.5 Further Prospects in the Search for Promising Phyto-Antidotes -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 Nanoformulated Herbal Drug Delivery as Efficient Antidotes Against Systemic Poisons -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Herbal Phytochemicals as Antidotes for Systemic Poisons. , 13.2.1 Herbal Phytochemicals as Antidotes for Heavy Metal Poisoning -- 13.2.2 Herbal Phytochemicals as Antidotes for Snake Venom Poisoning -- 13.3 Nanoformulated Herbal Phytochemicals as Antidotes -- 13.3.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles -- 13.3.2 Micelles and Liposomes -- 13.3.3 Polymeric Nanoparticles -- 13.4 Mechanism of Nanoformulated Herbal Phytochemicals against Systemic Poisoning -- 13.5 Future Perspectives -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Phytochemical-Based Nanoparticles as Foes and Friends -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Phytochemicals Used in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 14.3 Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nanoparticles -- 14.4 Wound-Healing Effects of Nanoparticles -- 14.5 Antiparasitic, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Activities of Nanoparticles -- 14.6 Neuroprotective Effects of Nanoparticles -- 14.7 Cardioprotective Effects of Nanoparticles -- 14.8 Anticancer Effects of Nanoparticles -- 14.9 Advantages of Nanoparticles -- 14.10 Disadvantages of Nanoparticles -- 14.11 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 15 Application of Metabolomics in Emergency Phytochemical Poisoning and Remediation -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants -- 15.3 Natural Products: Safety and Toxicity -- 15.3.1 Safety -- 15.3.2 Toxicity and Natural Killers -- 15.4 Biological Systems in Phytochemical Poisoning and Remediation -- 15.5 Metabolomics: An Important Functional Genomics Tool -- 15.5.1 Essential Components of a Metabolomics Workflow -- 15.5.2 Sample Preparation -- 15.5.3 Analytical Methods in Metabolomics -- 15.5.4 Metabolite Identification -- 15.5.5 Data Processing and Analysis -- 15.5.6 Pathway Analysis -- 15.6 Assessment of Toxicity of Herbal Medicines Using Metabolomics -- 15.7 Application of Metabolomics in Emergency Phytochemical Poisoning and Remediation -- 15.7.1 Hepatotoxicity of Triptolide. , 15.7.2 Hepatotoxicity of Noscapine.

Note: COVER -- CONTENTS -- CHAPTER : 1 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE -- CHAPTER : 2 FORTRAN STATEMENTS -- CHAPTER : 3 SOFTWARE METHOD BASE -- CHAPTER : 4 ROOTS OF AN EQUATION -- CHAPTER : 5 OPTIMIZATION -- CHAPTER : 6 NUMERICAL INTERPOLATION -- CHAPTER : 7 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION -- CHAPTER : 8 EIGEN ANALYSIS -- CHAPTER : 9 UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS -- CHAPTER : 10 BIVARIATE ANALYSIS -- CHAPTER : 11 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN -- REFERENCES -- APPENDICES.