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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Break in the Indian summer monsoon (1973)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 104 (1973), S. 635-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The changes in circulation patterns over Eurasia during break monsoon condition over India are studied in comparison to the active monsoon condition. Break monsoon condition seems to set in over the India Sub-Continent in association with eastward movement of middle latitude westerly trough at 500 mb, having large amplitude extending into west Pakistan and northern India. Simultaneously the subtropical anticyclonic ridge over Arabia protrudes into central and Peninsular India. The high latitude blocking high over East Siberia retrogrades and the East Asiatic trough deepens and moves eastwards. The west Pacific subtropical ridge recedes eastward from the China continent. During this period the monsoon trough shifts, from its normal position over Gangetic plains, northwards to the foot of the Himalayas and the monsoon westerlies in the lower troposphere extends right upto the rim of the Tibetan Plateau. The sub-tropical ridge line in the upper troposphere shifts northwards during break and lies approximately above the lower monsoon trough. This seems to provide an effective process of removing ascending air in the lower monsoon trough causing exceptionally heavy rainfall over Assam and along the foot of the Himalayas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875908
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on night radiation at some Indian Stations (1967)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 68 (1967), S. 214-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present paper contains studies of the nocturnal radiation at some Indian Stations (Madras, Waltair, Nagpur, New Delhi and Poona) with the help of the Ångström compensation Pyrgeometer. The technique of measurement is also described briefly. A study of the mean monthly variation of sky radiation during clear as well as all nights has been discussed. A comparitive study of mean monthly values of sky and other nocturnal radiation components at these stations is also presented. Ångström, [4]2) expressed the dependence of sky radiationS—on water vapour pressuree (mm of mercury) at the earth's surface and air temperatureT (degrees absolute), near the instrument to be given byS=σT 4 (0.75–0.32×10−0.069e ) cal/cm2/min. According to this semi-empirical relationship, the calculated values of sky radiation for clear nights are smaller than the observed values of sky radiation at all the above stations. It is for this reason the authors obtained a new formula with different constants using nine years observed data at all the stations. To investigate the value of the constant, the mean annual observations presented for nine years from clear skies were analysed for correlations betweenB (black body radiation) versesS (sky radiation),N (net radiation) andE (absolute error) and obtained a good correlation co-efficients 0.90, 1 and 0.98 respectively. The new suggested formula isS=σT 4 (0.88–0.32×10−0.069e ) cal/cm2/min, 267° A〈T〈313° A. It is also verified using with observed data of different years of the stations. The agreement between the computed values with the new formula of sky radiation and observed sky radiation is found to be good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874896
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation between solar radiation and hours of bright sunshine at some tropical stations (1969)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 74 (1969), S. 186-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The relationship between (Q) total solar radiation, as measured by a solarimeter, and hours of bright sunshine (n), as measured by a Campbell-Stokes recorder, has been examined on a monthly basis for three tropical stations Madras, Waltair and Nagpur. The regression equations relating the data are calculated in the non-dimentional form of Ångström type $$Q = Q_A \left( {a + b\frac{n}{N}} \right)$$ whereQ A is the maximum possible radiation andN in the maximum possible duration of bright sunshine. The individual regression relationships for the three stations are also verified; the agreement between the computed values and observed solar radiation is good. It has been shown that the slope of the relationshipb is approximately constant, while the value ofa is a function of latitude. An empirical relationship leading to the Ångström equation at latitude θ over the range 0°–60° as derived byGlover andMcCulloch [13]2) gives values in reasonable accord. A combined equation for the three stations of the form $$Q/Q_A = 0.29 \cos \phi + 0.51\frac{n}{N}$$ has been presented. The sum ofa andb has been shown to lie around a mean of 0.77, in good agreement with the other workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal diffusivity of red sandy soil at Waltair (1969)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 74 (1969), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study of heat exchanges or temperature changes in the surface layers of the soil are important in agricultural science at tropical latitudes. The quantity, thermal diffusivity largely determines the temperature change produced in any layer of the soil when heat is conducted there from an adjacent layer. Therefore, the authors have determined the thermal diffusivity of the soil from range and lag methods suggested byJohnson andDavies [15]2) andCoutis [7] respectively. The values of diffusivity cbtained from these methods agree well with each other. The effect of soil moisture on diffusivity has been studied. The diffusivity increases with the increase of moisture in the surface layers of the scil. The ratio of ranges of soil temperature at different depths is found to be approximately constant which is in agreement with the theory of heat flow into the soils. The results of diffusivity obtained from these methods agree well with those results of past workers. The mean value of the thermal diffusivity of red sandy soil at the experimental site of Waltair is found to be 6.336×10−3 cm2/sec.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875198
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sea-surf as local atmospheric electric generator (1984)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 33 (1984), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Potentialgradient (PG) wurde an der Vishakapatnam-Küste (17°42′N, 83°′E) gemessen. Ein hoher, positiver PG, der landeinwärts abnahm, wurde bei Seewind beobachtet. Bei Landwind hingegen war der PG schwach.
    Notes: Summary Potential gradients (PG) were measured at the Vishakapatnam sea-coast (17°42′N, 83°18′E). Large positive PGs were observed with onshore winds and decreased with distance away from the sea-coast. The PGs were weak during off-shore winds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265430
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of evaporation from the sea at Waltair (1970)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 79 (1970), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The values of evaporation for several months from the sea at Waltair, are computed from climatic means of observations made at a near-shore station at Waltair. The simplified equation of evaporation $$E = K_a (\bar e_s ---\bar e_a ) \bar u_a $$ , has been used in the computations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875483
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on precipitable water over tropical stations in relation to monsoon flow (1970)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 79 (1970), S. 103-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The mean monthly precipitable water at four tropical stations Madras (13°00′N, 80°11′E), Waltair (17°42′N, 83°18′E), Bombay (18°54′N, 72°49′E) and Nagpur (21°06′N, 79°03′E) are evaluated for the layer surface to 500 mb (0–5.4 km) of the atmosphere using radiosonde data available for seven years period (1959–1965). The mean monthly precipitable water for the above four stations is also estimated from dew point temperature. The precipitable water in the air column at any station is examined in relation to monsoon flow. The higher values of precipitable water are found to occur over the regions when there is good supply of moisture by the monsoon flow as well as low level convergence. These studies are believed to provide useful information in forecasting the monsoon circulation over the country.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875484
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of long wave radiation by an empirical method (1970)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 81 (1970), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Utilising two years data collected at two tropical coastal stations, Madras (13°04′N, 80°15′E) and Waltair (17°42′N, 83°18′E) and for one tropical continental station, Nagpur (21°09′N, 79°07′E), the authors have re-evaluated the constants ofBrunt's regression equation. Analyses of the observations for Waltair and Nagpur show good correlation coefficients (r) between the values of the effective emissivity of the atmosphere (the effective emissivity is the ratio of incoming long-wave sky radiation at the surfaceR s , to black body radiation σT 4) and the square root values of surface vapour pressuree (mb). The value ofr for Waltair from radiometer observations is 0.98. It is also determined for Waltair and Nagpur from Ångström compensation pyrgeometer observations as 0.83 and 0.91 respectively. A low correlation co-efficient 0.56 is obtained for Madras. It might be due to higher surface vapour pressure values at Madras than at Waltair and Nagpur. The applicability of the reduced regression equations are examined for different years for the different stations. The agreement between the computed values with the new regression equations and the observed long-wave sky radiation at the surface seems to be quite good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface energy balance at a tropical station (1970)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 81 (1970), S. 279-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Studies of various fluxes, namely net radiation, soil heat, sensible heat and latent heat observed at a tropical station are presented in this paper. The time variation of these fluxes are examined in relation to various meteorological parameters and atmospheric conditions. The turbulent transfer coefficients have been evaluated to examine the applicability of the classical theory or the non-equivalence theory for eddy transport in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The energy balance at a tropical station is evaluated. It is found over year there is a net surplus of 94,000 ly. A detailed discussion of the disposal of this energy by various consuming processes is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875034
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of barrier beach on sediment transportation in the Kakinada Bay (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 89 (1971), S. 192-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Studies upon the changes of bottom topography in the vicinity of Godavari point and Kakinada Bay indicates recession of contours towards the shore as a result of net loss of sediment since the formation of Kakinada Bay. The sand spit has been growing in the north-westerly direction reducing the width of the opening between the Kakinada Bay and the open Ocean. The currents across the opening strengthen resulting rapid erosion of the bottom of the Bay. The beach to the north of the Kakinada Bay entrance channel is building up. In the present investigation, the authors made an attempt to explain the shore line changes and changes in bottom topography in the Kakinada Bay from the currents measured under different tidal conditions around the sand spit (Godavari Point.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875216
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