Note: Front Cover -- Marine Mammals and Noise -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Types of Marine Mammals -- 1.2 Relevant Topics -- 1.3 Regulatory Aspects -- 1.4 Objectives and Scope of This Book -- Chapter 2. Acoustic Concepts and Terminology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sound Measurement Units -- 2.3 Terms Describing Sound Sources -- 2.4 Terms Describing Sound Propagation -- 2.5 Terms Describing Ambient Noise -- 2.6 Terms Describing Sound Reception -- Chapter 3. Measurement Procedures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sound Sensors -- 3.3 Sound Recording -- 3.4 Sound Analysis -- 3.5 Physical Measurements -- 3.6 Biological Measurements -- Chapter 4. Sound Propagation -- 4.1 Introduction and Relevance -- 4.2 Theoretical Aspects -- 4.3 Deep Water Propagation -- 4.4 Shallow Water Propagation -- 4.5 Absorption and Factors Affecting Spreading Loss -- 4.6 Airborne Sound Transmission -- 4.7 Air-to-Water Transmission -- 4.8 Summary -- Chapter 5. Ambient Noise -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sources of Ambient Noise in the Sea -- 5.3 Deep Water Ambient Noise -- 5.4 Shallow Water Ambient Noise -- 5.5 Variability of Ambient Noise in the Sea -- 5.6 Airborne Ambient Noise -- Chapter 6. Man-Made Noise -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Transportation -- 6.3 Marine Dredging and Construction -- 6.4 Oil and Gas Drilling and Production -- 6.5 Marine Geophysical Surveys -- 6.6 Sonars -- 6.7 Explosions -- 6.8 Ocean Science Studies -- 6.9 Comparison of Noise Sources -- Chapter 7. Marine Mammal Sound -- 7.1 Baleen Whale Sounds -- 7.2 Toothed Whale Sounds and Echolocation Signals -- 7.3 Phocid Seal Sounds -- 7.4 Eared Seal Sounds -- 7.5 Walrus Sounds -- 7.6 Sea Otter Sounds -- 7.7 Sirenian Sounds -- 7.8 Summary -- Chapter 8. Marine Mammal Hearing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Audiograms: Frequency Range and Sensitivity. , 8.3 Frequency and Intensity Discrimination -- 8.4 Directional Hearing and Source Localization -- 8.5 Auditory Masking -- 8.6 Baleen Whale Hearing -- 8.7 Summary and Comparisons -- Chapter 9. Documented Disturbance Reactions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Reactions to Aircraft -- 9.3 Reactions to Ships and Boats -- 9.4 Reactions to Icebreaking -- 9.5 Reactions to Other Vehicles -- 9.6 Reactions to Dredging and Construction -- 9.7 Reactions to Offshore Drilling and Production -- 9.8 Reactions to Seismic Exploration -- 9.9 Reactions to Sonars -- 9.10 Reactions to Explosions -- 9.11 Reactions to Ocean Science Studies -- 9.12 Purposeful Scaring via Noise -- 9.13 Reactions to Human Presence -- 9.14 Tolerance, Habituation, and Sensitization -- 9.15 Summary and Comparisons -- Chapter 10. Zones of Noise Influence -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Zone of Audibility -- 10.3 Zone of Responsiveness -- 10.4 Estimating Radii of Audibility and Responsiveness -- 10.5 Zone of Masking -- 10.6 Zone of Hearing Loss, Discomfort, and Injury -- 10.7 Summary -- Chapter 11. Significance of Responses and Noise Impacts -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Area Affected verus Habitat Available -- 11.3 Auditory Interference by Masking -- 11.4 Behavioral Disruption -- 11.5 Habituation versus Continued Responsiveness -- 11.6 Long-Term Effects -- 11.7 Cumulative Effects -- 11.8 Parallels in Terrestrial Mammals -- 11.9 Methods by Which Marine Mammals May Mitigate Noise Effects -- 11.10 Methods by Which Humans Can Partially Mitigate Noise Effects -- 11.11 Role of Future Research -- Chapter 12. Conclusions and Data Needs -- 12.1 Sound Propagation -- 12.2 Ambient Noise -- 12.3 Man-Made Noise -- 12.4 Marine Mammal Sounds -- 12.5 Marine-Mammal Hearing -- 12.6 Disturbance Reactions -- 12.7 Zones of Noise Influence -- 12.8 Significance of Responses and Impacts -- Literature Cited. , Appendix 1: Common and Scientific Names of Marine Mammals -- Appendix 2: A Glossary of Acoustical Terms -- Index.