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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Improvements in patient risk stratification and peri-operative beta-blockade have been suggested as methods which can reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with known cardiac risk factors. A postal questionnaire was sent to all Australian and New Zealand teaching hospitals to identify patterns of pre-operative cardiac risk evaluation and methods of peri-operative beta-blocker use. In all, 67 replies were evaluated (64% response rate). Specialist anaesthetists are present in the majority of pre-admission clinics (78%), with a designated peri-operative physician in 9%. Further cardiological referral was possible in almost all institutions (96%), and specific peri-operative physician referral in 54%. Waiting times for specialist consultation were 〈 7 days in the majority of cases. Whilst 79% of institutions used peri-operative beta-blockade, specific protocols were available in only 10%. In 60% of institutions, beta-blockers were administered to high-risk patients, and in 25% they were given to intermediate risk group patients. There was a wide range in the duration of pre- and postoperative beta-blocker administration. Whilst peri-operative risk assessment appears to be consistent, the pattern of beta-blockade, a known beneficial intervention, is variable. Reasons need to be identified, protocols developed and consistent administration targeted for further improvements to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 625 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex of the rat was studied electrophysiologically. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the optic tract produced three types of responses on neurons of area 17: excitation followed by inhibition, excitation and inhibition. These results extend and confirm, in adult rats, previous studies done in rat geniculate-visual cortex cocultures preparations in vitro. The role of glutamate in the neurotransmission of the rat geniculo-cortical pathway was also investigated. In a first set of experiments, the effects of kynurenate, an antagonist of glutamate receptors, on visual cortex neurons with a monosynaptic excitatory response to dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus stimulation were studied. Microiontophoresis of kynurenate in area 17 neurons selectively suppressed the excitatory response to dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and optic tract stimulation. In a second set of experiments, the effects of electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the optic tract on the release of amino acids in the rat visual cortex in vivo were studied. Using the push–pull method, we perfused a discrete region of the visual cortex with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the amino acid content of the perfusates was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Stimulation of either the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus or the optic tract significantly increased glutamate release in area 17. The rest of the amino acids studied did not show significant changes. The results provide evidence for the participation of glutamate in the neurotransmission of the geniculo-cortical pathway in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electrophoretic analysis of juvenile salmonids from south-west England revealed the presence of natural hybrids between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo rrurra L., within three of five rivers. Amongst 409 juvenile ‘salmon’, 1.2% were hybrids, and of 150 juvenile ‘trout’ sampled, 2.0% were natural hybrids. In one river, similar hybridization levels in ‘salmon’ parr samples were found in two successive years. Levels of hybridization are high when compared with most similar studies, especially others within the United Kingdom. Possible factors influencing this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 26 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The genetics of disease resistance in fish is examined. Major genes may cause skeletal or other phenotypic deformities and have also been implicated in the development of neoplasia. Others may affect viability through pleiotropic effects, or induce stress and therefore predispose to invasion by pathogens. Resistance usually appears, however, to be of a multifactorial nature. Variations in resistance between related species and between populations of the same species are described. In order to obtain an idea of the within-population variation, heritability estimates have been obtained in some instances. Generally they are low, but may still indicate a sufficient level to be of use in a selection programme. The results of a limited number of selection programmes are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electrophoretic analysis of enzymes in 383 juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., within the Tamar catchment (south-west England) revealed significant genetic differences at the IDHP-3* locus between the three tributaries studied. Aspects of temporal and spatial variation, and management policy within catchments, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A study was undertaken on genetic variation in resistance to infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in two goodeid (Ameca splendens and Ilyodon xantusi) and two poeciliid species (Xiphophorus maculatus and Xiphophorus variatus), and among four strains of X. maculatus (red, red wagtail, yellow comet tail, blue). Analysis of infection data was performed with a generalized linear interactive modelling package (GLIM). Partitioning of the variation was such that the minimal variation attributable to each of several factors was computed. Size of fish, parasite isolate, temperature/tank effects, and various interactions all affect infection levels. Removal of these effects allowed the identification of highly significant differences in both inter- and intraspecific variation in resistance. Three distinct groups of fish were identified in terms of their resistance. Species recently derived from wild populations (the two goodeids) were more susceptible than the two poeciliid species which have a much longer history of domestication. The blue strain of X. maculatus had significantly higher resistance than the other three strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Data on geographical variation in allele frequencies at enzyme coding loci in Atlantic salmon from the British Isles were collated from published and unpublished sources. Statistically significant differences in allele frequencies were found among samples both within and among river systems, suggesting that the Atlantic salmon in the British Isles is not a panmictic population and that even within major river systems it cannot be treated as a single genetic stock for fisheries management purposes. Although there was some evidence of regional differences in the frequency of some rare alleles, most single-locus variation did not show strong geographic patterns, with the exception of the AAT-4* locus at which allele frequencies had a significant latitudinal cline. There was some evidence for the existence of genetically-distinct celtic and boreal races of Atlantic salmon in the British Isles as previously has been suggested. Multiple regression analyses revealed associations between genetic variation and local environmental conditions (i.e. between variation at MEP-2* and both temperature and local river gradient), providing additional evidence for adaptive population divergence in the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Resistance to experimental infections of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was investigated in the poeciliid fish Xiphophorus maculatus, X. variatus and their two reciprocal hybrids. A third species, the goodeid Ameca splendens, was infected for comparative purposes. Infection data were analysed using a generalized linear interactive modelling package (GLIM). Infection levels were not significantly influenced by the sex of the fish, temperature, or speciestemperature interactions, but body area and time of infection did affect susceptibility. After accounting for variation due to these factors, it was shown that the two reciprocal hybrids of X. maculatus and X. variatus had significantly lower infection levels than either parental stock. Heterosis, H, was calculated from both raw data (16.2%) and from modelled values (31.3%) after removal of environmental factors. This confirms the existence of genetic factors determining resistance to /. multifiliis infection and has shown that gains in resistance can be made through hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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