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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine cytology: appropriate usage maximizes sensitivity and reduces cost (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  Urine cytology is costly because of the skilled manpower required for analysis. Inappropriate requests are a significant drain both financially and on the cytopathologist's time. The present study aimed at identifying the extent and cause of this misuse and reduce it.Methods:  An audit of urine cytology usage was undertaken using the hospital results reporting system to identify requests. Patient case notes were then obtained to gain further clinical information. Initially a 2-week period was analysed, following which departmental guidelines for requesting urine cytology were produced and circulated. The audit loop was then closed.Results:  Over the initial 2-week period, 117 urine cytology requests were received. Thirty-three per cent were inappropriate, either because they were from patients with benign disease or because of duplication. Following the education programme this number fell to 6%. Expenditure on unnecessary samples thus decreased from £2418 to only £310, giving an annual overall saving of £55 000.Conclusion:  Significant cost and time savings can be made if urine cytology is sent appropriately. Simple guidelines and staff education are the key to reducing inefficiency. Our findings have implications not just for cytopathology costs but for laboratory and radiology requests in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2005.00255.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative cytotoxicities of Adriamycin and epirubicin in combination with lonidamine against human bladder cancer cell lines (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1995), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Adriamycin ; Epirubicin ; Lonidamine ; Multidrug resistance ; Human transitional carcinoma cell lines ; In vitro sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used a panel of bladder cancer cell lines to compare the toxicities of Adriamycin and epirubicin, two drugs used intravesically to treat superficial transitional cell cancer (TCC) of the bladder, alone and in combination with lonidamine, an agent known to be active against anthracycline-resistant disease. Comparing concentrations reducing colony-forming ability by 50%, epirubicin and Adriamycin were similar in their cytotoxicities, although epirubicin was more potent against every line except an Adriamycin-resistant subline. Combinations of the two drugs with a non-cytotoxic concentration (1 μg/ml) of lonidamine were tested using the Adriamycin-resistant subline MGH-U1R and its sensitive parental line MGH-U1. The addition of lonidamine caused a twofold increase in the sensitivity of the resistant subline to both drugs, while having no effect on the sensitivity of the parental line. The data indicate that this combination might be of value in anthracycline-resistant disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296877
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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