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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative staining EM for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus in oral hairy leukoplakia (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 19 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The performance of two different EM techniques applied for the detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) was assessed, i.e. the conventional two-step method of negative staining (CNS) and negative staining after Airfuge enrichment (ANS). Scrape specimens from the lateral borders of tongue of 66 HIV-positive patients with or without HL, of 3 patients with infectious mononucleosis and of 10 HIV-negative patients were evaluated. While CNS resulted in virus detection only in 25% of clinically diagnosed HL cases, EBV was detected by ANS in 85% of clinically suspected cases of HL. Scrape specimens of individuals negative for HIV were negative in EM while 2 of 3 mononucleosis patients were positive without clinical evidence for HL. Due to this high sensitivity the method of negative staining after Airfuge enrichment appears to be useful in the diagnosis of HL. The finding of EBV in clinically normal oral mucosa in HIV-seropositive individuals is interesting and indicates that EBV expression may precede the clinical appearance of HL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00861.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) in AIDS: association with Candida infection (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 26 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forty-seven of 165 patients with AIDS (28.5%) showed exfoliative cheilitis (EC), predominantly of the lower lip (n=37). Histologically. hyphae were revealed in 23 of 47 cases 149%). In 14 of 23 specimens the histological and microbiological findings were in accordance. Smears of the vermilion border revealed Candida aibicans in half of the cases (51%); however, combinations with C. krusei. C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were also seen. Twenty of 35 patients given fluconazole either prophylactically or therapeutically showed clinical signs of oral candidiasis. Frequent moistening of the lips may result in infection of the vermilion border with Candida species: consequent desiccation of the lips will lead to scale formation and exfoliation. Smears of the vermilion border of the lower lip of 20 controls with AIDS were positive in four cases. Twenty HJV-negative controls without EC showed negative microbiological results for Candida species. Exfoliative cheilitis may be associated with Candida infection in some cases and may be considered another variant of candidiasis in AIDS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb01239.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cytokeratins in oral cytological smears of HIV-infected patients (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 21 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytological smears (CS), taken from the lateral border of the tongue of HIV-seropositive patients (HIV +) (n= 34) and of seronegative controls (HIV -) (n= 16), were examined by means of immunocytoychemistry (APAAP) for the distribution patterns of different cytokeratins and MHC class II antigens. Compared with HIV- patients in CS of HIV-infected patients cornification associated cytokeratins 10/11 were increased, while the number of keratinocytes positive for cytokeratins 13/16 was comparable in both groups. Expression of simple epithelial cytokeratins 19, rarely observed in CS of HIV- patients, was a frequent findings in CS of HIV+ patients. Keratinocytes positive for MHC class II antigens were observed in CS of 12/34 HIV +, while all control CS were negative. In the group of HIV + patients no correlation was found between the clinical presence of HL and the expression of cytokeratins or class II antigens. The altered distribution of cytokeratins may reflect local responses to proliferative stimuli or local inflammation due to the presence of microbial antigens or may occur as a general unspecific reaction in the setting of systemic viral infection. This non-invasive technique seems to be a valuable tool to determine the proliferation rate of oral epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00980.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical detection of herpes viruses in oral smears of HIV-infected patients (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 21 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytologic smears (CS) were taken from the lateral border of the tongue of HIV-seropositive patients (HIV +) (n= 39) and of seronegative controls (HIV-) (n=19) and examined by immunocytochemistry (APAAP) and in situ hybridization (ISH) (biotinylated DNA probes) for the presence of viral antigens/DNA of EBV and CMV While none of the HIV controls showed positive results for EBV antigen, 61% (APAAP) resp. 79% (ISH) of oral epithelial cells in the group of HIV+ patients were EBV-positive. While all CS taken from areas with the clinical diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia (HL) were EBV positive (APAAP and/ or ISH), the detection of EBV in CS from uninvolved oral mucosa seemed to be associated with the later development of HL. In the group of HIV + patients the detection rate for CMV was about five times (APAAP) resp. three times (ISH) higher than in HIV- persons. This non-invasive technique seems to be a valuable tool to screen for viral antigens/genoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00979.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regression of oral Kaposi's sarcoma in a case of AIDS on Zidovudine (AZT) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 120 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case with oral Kaposi's sarcom (KS) is reported that regressed during therapy with Zidovudine (AZT) which was started 5 months after the first dermal and oral tumours were noted. After 6 months of treatment the absolute number of T-helper cells had increased from 54/μl to 232/μl and the ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor cells from 0.15 to 0.3. During the same time the lesions of KS on the gingiva, uvula and the body as well as the face disappeared. The lesion of KS on the hard palate regressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01361.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malaria tropica bei HIV-Infektion (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 533-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Malaria ; HIV-infection ; Plasmodium falciparum ; parasitemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is a case report of a 24 year-old woman who is HIV-infected since three years (stage III B, CDC). She developed malaria tropica during her touristic stay in the Cameroons, Africa. No clinical complications were detectable even though she had a high parasitemia of 18% blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum. After quinine therapy defervescence occurred and blood smears were continuously free of malaria parasites. P. falciparum infection may increase HIV-related immunosuppression which favours the earlier occurrence of AIDS indicative opportunistic infections. Malaria in combination with HIV-infection can lead to a higher parasitemia; this does not necessarily lead to a higher rate of complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01648252
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycobacteremia in AIDS patients (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 717-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Mycobacteremia ; Blood culture ; M. tuberculosis ; M. avium ; M. intracellulare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of blood cultures in diagnosing disseminated mycobacteriosis in AIDS patients was evaluated. Blood samples were screened for mycobacteria by culture and microscopic techniques. Mycobacteremia was proven in 20/136 (14.7%) AIDS patients, the agent being M. avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) in 16 cases and M. tuberculosis in four cases. The rate of cases with positive blood samples in disseminated MAI infection was 59.3% (16/27 cases) and in disseminated tuberculosis 57.1% (4/7 cases). To detect mycobacteria buffy-coat was slightly superior to lysated cell pellets, obtained by a lysis-centrifugation technique. In 4/16 cases with MAI bacteremia, the agent was proven by positive blood smears for acid-fast bacilli only; in these four patients MAI was demonstrated at other body sites. These results illustrate the diagnostic role of blood culture and its use in early diagnosis of disseminated mycobacteriosis, with microscopic examination of blood smears being an important adjunct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721290
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant lymphomas in HIV-seropositive patients. Frequency, features, and prognosis. Report on 31 cases (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV infection ; AIDS-related malignant lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Hodgkin lymphoma ; Frequency ; Treatment ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a random HIV-seropositive population, malignant lymphomas were diagnosed in 31 patients, of whom 24 (77%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 7 (23%) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of NHL among AIDS patients was 8% (23/279 cases), with a prevalence of 17% among autopsied patients (16/96 cases). No patient with HL had AIDS at the time of diagnosis. In 7 of 23 AIDS patients with NHL (30%) the diagnosis was made only post mortem; among these were all 5 patients with primary CNS NHL. Median survival from the time of diagnosis was 1 month for patients with NHL and 3 months for those with HL. In individual patients, survival for several years may be possible with chemotherapy. Certain patients with NHL appear to benefit from intensive chemotherapy with a combination of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (MACOPB protocol). Appropriate, therapeutic strategies taking into account the patients' individual conditions, including the overall prognosis, urgently requires development. Metastatic CNS involvement, which was the primary cause of death in 5 of 11 patients with NHL (45%) receiving chemotherapy, represents a serious limitation to successful treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01649436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a clinical approach comparing aerosolized pentamidine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 508-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aerosolized pentamidine ; Fansidar ; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ; Prophylaxis ; Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmic encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) was analyzed in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who inhaled aerosolized pentamidine (AP) either for primary prophylaxis (group la) or secondary prophylaxis (group IIa) of PCP. These cohorts were compared with two historical groups of patients who took Fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) for primary prophylaxis (group lb) or secondary prophylaxis (group IIb) of PCP. The follow-up was 3—41 months (median 8 months). PCP did not occur in group la but was seen in 1 patient of group Ib (5%). TE was observed in 3 patients of group Ia (7.3%) and in 1 patient of group Ib (5%). PCP relapses were seen in 5 patients of group IIa (11.9%) and in 3 patients of group Ilb (6.9%), whereas TE occurred in 13 patients of group IIa (30.9%) and in 1 patient of group IIb (2.3%). 20.3% of patients with CD4+ counts 〈 100/μl and only 7.7% of those with CD4+ counts 〉 100/μl developed toxoplasmosis. In conclusion, Fansidar rather than AP prophylaxis should be recommended for patients with a history of PCP or toxoplasmosis and for all HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts ≤ 100/μl. In patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts between 100 and 200/μl, AP prophylaxis appears appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210233
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic HIV encephalitis — I. cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; HIV encephalitis ; HIV-specific antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To establish a reliable procedure for the early detection of central nervous system involvement in HIV infection, paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples of 59 patients were analysed. Fifteen were HIV antibody positive without clinical symptoms (stage I), 12 had lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS-related complex (stage II), and 32 had AIDS (stage III). Intrathecal synthesis of HIV antibodies was determined by a modified ELISA. Antibodies in CSF and serum were evaluated at identical immunoglobulin G levels to correct for the actual blood-CSF-barrier permeability. A CSF/serum quotient above 1.5 is indicative of intrathecal antibody synthesis, which was found in 47% of the patients in stage I, 67% in stage II, and 84% in stage III. These findings indicate an early and frequent invasion of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735208
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