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  • 1
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    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 39 (2). pp. 539-565.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Sediment cores from the Norwegian and Greenland Seas and the Nansen Basin were studied to determine the origin of sediment pellets, centimetre-sized aggregations of clay to sandsized sediment occurring in the cores. By comparing the grain size, grain shape and composition of the pellet sediments to sediments collected directly from the surfaces of sea ice in the Nansen Basin and from icebergs in the Barents Sea, the pelleted sediment was found to be more similar to that in the icebergs than that on the sea ice. The pellets may be formed on, in or under a glacier or during transport on/in an iceberg. When icebergs overturn or melt, the pellets fall out and are consolidated enough to survive a drop of up to 4 km to the ocean bottom and to retain their integrity even after burial on the seafloor.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Elsevier
    In:  Science of the Total Environment, 159 (2-3). pp. 129-146.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
    Description: Drifting sea ice in the Arctic may transport contaminants from coastal areas across the pole and release them during melting far from the source areas. Arctic sea ice often contains sediments entrained on the Siberian shelves and receives atmospheric deposition from Arctic haze. Elevated levels of some heavy metals (e.g. lead, iron, copper and cadmium) and organochlorines (e.g. PCBs and DDTs) have been observed in ice sampled in the Siberian seas, north of Svalbard, and in Baffin Bay. In order to determine the relative importance of sea ice transport in comparison with air/sea and oceanic processes, more data is required on pollutant entrainment and distribution in the Arctic ice pack.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (19). L194011.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: δ18O profiles in drifting Arctic sea ice are coupled with back trajectories of ice drift and an ice growth model to reconstruct the surface hydrography of the Arctic Ocean interior. The results compare well with δ18O values obtained by traditional oceanographic methods and known water mass distributions. Analysis of the stable isotopic composition of sea ice floes sampled at strategic and relatively accessible locations, e.g., Fram Strait, could aid in mapping spatial and temporal variations in Arctic Ocean surface waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  In: The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment. , ed. by Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D. and Overland, J. E. Geophysical Monograph Series, 85 . AGU (American Geophysical Union), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 77-94. ISBN 0-87590-042-9
    Publication Date: 2018-01-17
    Description: The main water masses in the northern Barents Sea are surface water, Arctic water, transformed Atlantic water, and cold bottom water. Using summer data from 1981 and 1982, the formation, distribution, modification and circulation of these water masses are discussed. Recent estimates show that about 2 Sv of Atlantic water enters the Barents Sea by the North Cape Current, balanced by a similar outflow through the strait between Novaya Zemlya and Frans Josef Land. Passing through the Barents Sea, Atlantic-derived water is modified by interaction with other water masses as well as with the atmosphere, and the end products are believed to be important contributors to the hydrographic structure of the Arctic Ocean.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Kluwer
    In:  In: Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. , ed. by Bleil, U. and Thiede, J. NATO ASI Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 308 . Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 187-211.
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Description: Much of Arctic sea ice forms over the shallow continental shelves along the perimeter of the basin. Ice which escapes the shelf is transported several years within the Beaufort Gyre and Transpolar Drift stream, before exiting the Arctic Basin through Fram Strait. This ice, and especially that in the Siberian branch of the Transpolar Drift stream in the Eurasian Basin, may incorporate large quantities of particulate matter during formation on the shelf. Subsequent seasonal surface melting and winter freezing on the ice underside results in surface accumulation of particulate matter. Rafting of floes over and under each other results in a complex ice stratigraphy and redistribution of sediment accumulations. In contrast, Antarctic sea ice has only limited sources for sediment incorporation, and most of the ice-cover melts each year. These variations in Arctic and Antarctic ice characteristics are illustrated by analyses of ice crystal texture, c-axis orientations, salinity, δ 18O on ice cores and discussion of potential sediment input.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Polar Record, 26 (156). pp. 1-6.
    Publication Date: 2021-11-18
    Description: The deep eastern Arctic basin between the Lomonosov Ridge and the Eurasian continental margin differs from other ocean basins in the very slow spreading of its floor and unusual depositional environment under perennial sea-ice cover. The recent expedition ARK IV/3 of RV Polar stern for the first time made geoscientific investigations from the northern margin of the Barents Sea north to the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge. Much deeper than most other mid-ocean ridges, this ridge is poorly-surveyed, but has a central valley which in places is deeper than 5.5 km, 1–1.5 km below the basin floors on either side. Heat flow in the central part of the valley is very rapid; both basement rocks and overlying sediments showed unexpectedly the influence of intense and long-term hydrothermal activity. The sediments on the northern and southern flanks of the ridge are slightly calcareous pelagic mud layers alternating with carbonate-free horizons, where up to 40% of the sedimentary section is soft mud clasts. Similar mud aggregates were observed on the surface of the multi-year sea ice, appearing to represent a special type of sediment transport by sea ice in the Transpolar Drift. In contrast to the western Arctic, Fram Strait and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, gravel is rarely found in sediment cores. Recovered cores indicate that icebergs and sea ice carrying coarse sediment seldom rafted detritus to the study area during the last approximately 300,000 years.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Why is it important to go to the major expense and long-term effort of organizing, preparing and executing drilling in the permanently ice-covered, deep-sea regions of the Arctic? Because of its unique characteristics, the Arctic Ocean has a climatic and oceanographic influence far beyond its limited geographic extent. For example, deep water formed in the polar and subpolar seas fills the basins of the rest of the world's ocean. The modern Arctic sea ice cover, although apparently thermodynamically unstable, has existed for severul million years, affecting global heat budgets and therefore the global climate system. Yet we do not know when deep waters of the Arctic Ocean were first linked with those of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, nor when sea ice first covered the Arctic Basin. Likewise the geologic composition and history of major morphologic features, ridges, plateaus and margins are practically unknown. This knowledge is missing because of a lack of appropriate samples of sediment and bedrock. With a coordinated effort of site surveying and drilling in the Arctic it would be feasible to obtain the required material. This report presents a scientific rationale and an organizational scheme together with various technological options for drilling in this hostile environment.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Columbia Climate Center, Earth Institute, Columbia University
    In:  EPIC3Technical report, Columbia Climate Center, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 12 p.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: The Columbia Climate Center, in partnership with World Wildlife Fund, Woods Hole Research Center, and Arctic 21, held a workshop titled A 5 C Arctic in a 2 C World on July 20 and 21, 2016. The workshop was co-sponsored by the International Arctic Research Center (University of Alaska Fairbanks), the Arctic Institute of North America (Canada), the MEOPAR Network (Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction, and Response), and the Future Ocean Excellence Cluster. The goal of the workshop was to advance thinking on the science and policy implications of the temperature change in the context of the 1.5 to 2 C warming expected for the globe, as dis- cussed during the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at Paris in 2015. For the Arctic, such an increase means an antic- ipated increase of roughly 3.5 to 5 C. An international group of 41 experts shared perspectives on the regional and global impacts of an up to +5 C Arctic, examined the feasibility of actively lowering Arctic temperatures, and considered realistic timescales associated with such interventions. The group also discussed the science and the political and governance actions required for alternative Arctic futures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3Paleoclimatology and paleometeorology modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport (M Leinen, M Sarnthein, eds ) Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 463-493
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 10
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    In:  EPIC3Geological history of the polar oceans Arctic versus Antarctic (U Bleil, J Thiede, eds ) NATO ASI series, Kluwer, Dordrecht,C308, pp. 187-211
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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