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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of nonlinear susceptibilities by transforming random variables (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6735-6740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-peak-power lasers are typically used as pump sources in nonlinear optical measurements. Intrinsic to these sources are pulse-to-pulse output energy instabilities. We report on how pump instabilities affect the measurement of nonlinear susceptabilites and develop theory which relates statistical parameters of a general, arbitrary pump energy probability distribution to those of its corresponding mth harmonic output. The relation leads to a simple method of data analysis whereby pump instabilities can be used as a tool in determining the nonlinear susceptibility of a material. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361494
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gain characteristics of a high concentration Er3+-doped phosphate glass waveguide (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3617-3621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A channel waveguide on an erbium-doped phosphate laser glass was fabricated by a dry silver-film ion exchange technique, and its gain properties were studied experimentally. The propagation loss of the fabricated waveguide was 0.63 dB/cm at 1.3 μm. Er3+ concentration of 1×1020 ions/cm3 was chosen so that no concentration quenching occurred. This was confirmed by measuring a fluorescence lifetime of 8.4 ms at 1.54 μm. Gain of the fabricated waveguide was measured by using a Ti:sapphire laser at a wavelength of 980 nm and a laser diode of 1.532 μm producing pump and signal beams, respectively. The signal wavelength used for the experiments was shorter than the emission peak, and the measured gain of the 1.8 cm waveguide was comparable to the total loss. However, the model showed that lasing is expected at the emission peak with a 3.6 cm long waveguide fabricated in a similar manner. Calculation results showed that the potential gain of 8.8 dB can be realized with 250 mW pump power, and a 7.2 cm long waveguide provided that mode overlap can be increased by 20% and propagation loss can be reduced by 50%. No significant upconversion effect was observed up to 1.1×106 W/cm2 pump intensity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359938
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature- and carrier-density-dependent electron tunneling kinetics in (Ga,In)As/(Al,In)As asymmetric double quantum wells (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1526-1531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a detailed investigation of electron tunneling in (Ga,In)As/(Al,In)As asymmetric double quantum wells as a function of different excitation and temperature conditions. We show that tunneling dynamics depend strongly on the initial carrier temperature and momentum. For example, electron and hole tunneling out of the narrow well is complete at low temperature. However at room temperature carriers do not exhibit any tunneling kinetics. We propose a simple kinetic model which describes the observed population dynamics at different carrier densities, temperatures, and excitation conditions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360995
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton-to-biexciton transition in quasi-one-dimensional organics (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9292-9296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the previous paper we demonstrated novel multiexcitons in a neutral mixed-stack charge-transfer solid. The lowest multiexciton, the biexciton, has recently been of interest also in the context of quasi-one-dimensional organic materials that are different from the mixed-stack solids. The nature and strength of the optical transition from the exciton to the two-exciton states is of importance in understanding photoinduced absorption as well as two-photon absorption. We show that within the diverse theoretical models that describe these different classes of materials, the excited state absorption from the optical exciton to the two-exciton states changes in a fundamental way upon the formation of the biexciton. The identical nature of the exciton absorption within these models is a consequence of one dimensionality. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471707
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new class of collective excitations: Exciton strings (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9283-9291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical excitation in a strongly neutral quasi-one-dimensional mixed-stack charge-transfer solid results in an exciton state, in which the electron and the hole are bound by electrostatic Coulomb interactions that are large compared to the one-electron hopping. We present a joint theoretical–experimental demonstration of a new class of collective excitations, multiexcitons or exciton strings, consisting of a string of several (more than two) bound excitons, in a prototype neutral charge-transfer solid. The stability of the multiexciton states arise from the combined effects of one dimensionality and strong Coulomb interactions. Theoretically, we show that in narrow band one-dimensional semiconductors with long range Coulomb interactions, the occurrence of stable 2-exciton string (biexciton) necessarily implies stable higher multiexcitons. Experimentally, evidence for the multiexciton strings is demonstrated by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy of anthracene pyromellitic acid dianhydride. Excellent qualitative agreement is found between the calculated and the measured differential transmission spectra. Photoinduced absorptions to the 2-exciton string at low pump intensity and to the 3-exciton string at high pump intensity are observed, in agreement with the theory of excited state absorption. The 2-exciton string is confirmed also by a direct two-photon absorption measurement. The binding energies of the 2-exciton and the 3-exciton strings are obtained from the experimental data. The larger binding energy of the 3-exciton is in agreement with theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive effect in a poled polymer containing the tricyanovinylcarbazole group (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3617-3619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photorefractive properties of a poled polymer containing the tricyanovinylcarbazole group with an alkylene spacer are investigated by four-wave mixing experiments and Mach–Zehnder type electro-optic measurements. The photorefractive effect is demonstrated in a polymer that shows both the photoconductivity and the electro-optic effect intrinsically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature optical nonlinearities of GaInAs/AlInAs and GaAlInAs/AlInAs multiple quantum wells and integrated-mirror etalons at 1.3 μm (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5615-5618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The room-temperature nonlinear absorption spectra of a 40 A(ring) GaInAs/AlInAs and a 90 A(ring) GaAlInAs/AlInAs multiple quantum well (MQW) were measured near 1.3 μm using a pump and probe technique. Saturation carrier densities at the heavy-hole exciton peak were determined to be 1.2×1018 and 1.0×1018 cm−3 with carrier recovery times of (approximately-equal-to)5 ns and (approximately-equal-to)750 ps for the two samples, respectively. These measured saturation carrier densities are close to the reported values for GaAs/AlGaAs MQWs. Fabry–Perot etalons with integrated mirrors grown by molecular beam epitaxy with GaInAs/AlInAs MQWs as spacer layers were also fabricated as optical logic gate devices. We demonstrate a 125-ps recovery time for the etalon switching device at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasicontinuous gain in sol-gel derived CdS quantum dots (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2672-2674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report evidence for quasicontinuous optical gain in CdS quantum dots fabricated by the sol-gel process and embedded in glass. The gain spectra are obtained using the pump and probe technique and nanosecond (quasiresonant) excitation at 11 K. The dots are in the intermediate quantum confinement regime and the concentration of CdS is relatively high. The gain, which is spectrally broad, develops on the low energy side of the absorption band edge. The reason why the gain region is broad is not only the size distribution of the dots, but also the nature of the gain, which originates from the recombination of several excited levels between two and one electron-hole pairs states (i.e., biexciton to exciton). The maximum measured gain reaches 200 cm−1 at 11 K and 17 cm−1 at 170 K. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114288
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectra of third-order optical nonlinear susceptibilities of epitaxial chloro-indium-phthalocyanines (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1639-1641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the third harmonic generation spectra of epitaxial chloro-indium phthalocyanine (ClInPc) thin films. The χ(3) spectrum in the wavelength range of 970–1650 nm reveals resonance features of ClInPc. Theoretical analysis of the third-order nonlinear optical channels in phthalocyanine allows the assignment of the observed resonances to three- and two-photon resonances of χ(3). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114730
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy and charge transfer in organic light-emitting diodes: A soluble quinacridone study (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7939-7945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A soluble derivative of quinacridone, N,N′-di-isoamyl quinacridone (DIQA), has been synthesized and used to study the mechanisms of Förster energy transfer and charge transfer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on 8-hydroxyquinoline (Alq3). Quantum efficiencies and spectra were measured for both photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) for films of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) doped with Alq3 and DIQA. Both PL and EL showed an efficiency enhancement in films of PVK:Alq3:DIQA compared to films of PVK:Alq3. However, the optimal DIQA doping concentration was found to be lower for EL than for PL. Examination of the spectra revealed that more emission originated from DIQA for EL than for PL at a given doping level. We conclude that Förster energy transfer from Alq3 to DIQA occurs in both cases of PL and EL, but that charge transfer to DIQA occurs in the operation of the OLED resulting in additional pathways to DIQA emission. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that electron transfer from Alq3 to DIQA, hole transfer from PVK to DIQA, and hole transfer from Alq3 to DIQA are all energetically favorable processes. These results suggest that charge transfer is an important mechanism in the efficiency enhancement seen in OLEDs based on a host–dopant scheme, and that both the electronic properties and the optical properties of the dopant material are important parameters for device optimization. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370612
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