Keywords:
Thermodynamics.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Following in the tradition of its predecessors, this third edition continues to offer a practical, example-based exploration of a critical topic, maintaining academic rigor but eschewing complicated calculations. It discusses the world's current energy consumption and the role of renewable energy in the future, examines exothermic reactions, uses Mathcad to calculate a plot of Gibbs energy, explains the Lambda sensor, and employs FactSage software to calculate and describe the production of silicon in an arc (oven) furnace. This latest edition re-works problems that have proven to be the most difficult for students and adds several new ones to further amplify complex areas.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (235 pages)
Edition:
3rd ed.
ISBN:
9781439813331
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1447066
DDC:
541/.369
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Author -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Energy -- 1.1 The Realm of Thermodynamics -- 1.1.1 Energy Bookkeeping -- 1.1.2 Nature's Driving Forces -- 1.2 Setting the Scene: Basic Ideas -- 1.2.1 System and Surroundings -- 1.2.2 Functions of State -- 1.2.3 Mechanical Work and Expanding Gases -- 1.2.4 The Absolute Temperature Scale -- 1.3 Forms of Energy and Their Interconversion -- 1.4 Forms of Renewable Energy -- 1.4.1 Solar Energy -- 1.4.2 Wind Energy -- 1.4.3 Hydroelectric Power -- 1.4.4 Geothermal Energy -- 1.4.5 Biomass Energy -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics -- 2.1 Statement of the First Law -- 2.1.1 Reversible Expansion of an Ideal Gas -- 2.1.2 Constant-Volume Processes -- 2.1.3 Constant-Pressure Processes -- 2.2 A New Function: Enthalpy -- 2.2.1 Relationship between ΔH and ΔU -- 2.3 Uses and Conventions of ΔH -- 2.3.1 Enthalpy Change of Reaction -- 2.3.2 Standard Enthalpies of Formation -- 2.3.3 The Many Uses of Δf H0 Data -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 3 Thermochemistry -- 3.1 Calorimetry -- 3.1.1 Bomb Calorimeters -- 3.1.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 3.2 Concepts of Heat Capacity -- 3.2.1 Combustion and Flame Temperatures -- 3.2.2 Variation of Reaction Enthalpies with Temperature -- 3.3 Bond Energies -- 3.3.1 Average Bond Dissociation Energies -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 4 Spontaneous Changes -- 4.1 Everyday Processes -- 4.2 Exothermicity: A Possible Criterion -- 4.2.1 Spontaneous Exothermic Processes -- 4.2.2 Spontaneous Processes Involving No Heat Change -- 4.2.3 Endothermic Processes -- 4.3 The Second Driving Force -- Problems -- Chapter 5 Entropy -- 5.1 Measurement of Entropy -- 5.1.1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
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5.1.2 Reversibility and Entropy -- 5.1.2.1 Isothermal Expansion of Gases -- 5.1.2.2 Reversible Transfer of Heat -- 5.1.2.3 An Irreversible Change -- 5.1.3 Changes in Entropy with Temperature -- 5.1.4 An Adiabatic Compression -- 5.2 Absolute Entropies -- 5.2.1 The Third Law of Thermodynamics -- 5.2.2 ΔS for Phase Changes -- 5.3 The Direction of Time -- Reference -- Problems -- Chapter 6 Free Energy: The Arbiter -- 6.1 Processes in Isolated Systems -- 6.2 Gibbs Free Energy, G. -- 6.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Maximum Work -- 6.4 Some Processes in Terms of Gibbs Free Energy -- 6.4.1 Adsorption Processes -- 6.4.2 Evaporation Phenomena -- 6.4.3 Endothermic Chemical Processes -- 6.4.4 Exothermic Chemical Process -- 6.5 Standard Free Energy Changes -- Reference -- Problems -- Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium -- 7.1 Preamble -- 7.2 Variation of G with Gas Pressure -- 7.2.1 Chemical Potential, µ -- 7.2.2 Pressure and Chemical Potential for Ideal Gases -- 7.2.3 Chemical Potential for Real Gases -- 7.2.4 Activity -- 7.3 The Active Mass of Pure Liquids and Solids -- 7.4 Activity of Materials in Solution -- 7.4.1 Solvents -- 7.4.2 Solutes or Minor Components -- 7.5 A Summing Up: Activity as a Unifying Concept -- 7.6 Practical Aspects of Activity -- 7.7 Equilibrium and the Reaction Isotherm -- 7.8 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 8 Equilibrium Experiments and Their Interpretation -- 8.1 The Reaction Isochore Equation -- 8.1.1 Le Chatelier Up to Date -- 8.2 Applications of the Isochore Equation -- 8.2.1 Vaporization Processes -- 8.2.2 The Decomposition of the Compound Fe(OH)3 -- 8.2.3 The High-Temperature Dissociation of Water Vapor -- 8.3 The Clapeyron Equation -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 9 Electrochemical Cells -- 9.1 Electrochemical Cells -- 9.2 Cell Energetics -- 9.3 Standard Electrode Potentials.
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9.4 Variation of Cell Electromotive Force with Activity -- 9.4.1 Ionic Activities -- 9.4.2 Analysis of Electromotive Force Data to Find E0 -- 9.5 Variation of Electromotive Force with Temperature -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 10 Free Energy and Industrial Processes -- 10.1 Free Energies as a Function of Temperature -- 10.1.1 The Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation -- 10.1.2 The Integrated Form of the Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation -- 10.1.3 Tabulated Forms of Free Energy -- 10.2 The Synthesis of Ethanol -- 10.2.1 Equilibrium Calculations -- 10.2.2 Use of Activity Coefficients -- 10.3 Ellingham Diagrams -- 10.3.1 Corrosion Prevention -- 10.3.2 Electrolysis of Alumina -- 10.3.3 Thermal Reduction of Magnesia -- 10.3.4 Titanium and the Kroll Process -- 10.3.5 Silicon Metal Production -- 10.4 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 11 Computational Thermochemistry -- 11.1 Calculation of an Adiabatic Flame Temperature -- 11.2 Precipitation of Carbide and Nitride Phases from Dilute Solution in Alloy Steel -- 11.3 CVD Production of Ultrapure Silicon -- 11.4 Processing of Wastes from the Aluminum Electrolytic Furnace -- 11.5 Production of Metallurgical-Grade Silicon in an Arc (Oven) Furnace -- 11.6 Summary -- References -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Appendix III -- Answers -- Suggested Further Reading -- Index.
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