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Note: Front Cover -- Enzymes of Primary Metabolism -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Series preface -- Preface -- Glossary -- Chapter 1. Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Carbonic Anhydrase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) -- III. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Enzymes of the Calvin Cycle -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ENZYMES OF THE CALVIN CYCLE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Enzymes of C4 Photosynthesis -- I. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS -- II. EXTRACTION OF ENZYMES FROM LEAVES -- III. ENZYMES OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON REDUCTION CYCLE IN C4 PLANTS -- REFERENCES -- ADDENDUM -- Chapter 4. Enzymes of Sucrose Metabolism -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SUCROSE METABOLISM IN PLANTS -- III. ENZYMES OF SUCROSE METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXTRACTION OF FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE -- III. ASSAY OF FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE -- IV. EXTRACTION AND ASSAY OF FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE,2-KINASE -- V. ASSAY OF FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATASE -- VI. PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF POTATO TUBER PYROPHOSPHATE: FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE -- VII. CALIBRATION OF FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE STANDARDS -- VIII. PURIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE,2-KINASE AND FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATASE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Enzymes of Starch Synthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENERAL CHECKS AND CONTROLS -- III. ADP GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE -- IV. STARCH SYNTHASE -- V. STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Starch Degrading Enzymes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ENZYME ACTIVITY ASSAYS -- III. MULTIPLICITY OF STARCH DEGRADING ENZYMES -- IV. PURIFICATION OF COMPARTMENT-SPECIFIC GLUCAN PHOSPHORYLASE FORMS -- V. IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 8. Enzymes of the Photorespiratory Carbon Pathway -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE PHOSPHATASE -- III. GLYCOLATE OXIDASE AND CATALASE -- IV. AMINOTRANSFERASE REACTIONS -- V. GLYCINE-SERINE CONVERSION -- VI. HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE -- VII. GLYCERATE KINASE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Glycolysis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ATP-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE -- III. PPi-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE -- IV. ALDOLASE -- V. TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE -- VI. GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE -- VII. PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE -- VIII. PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE -- IX. ENOLASE -- X. PYRUVATE KINASE -- XI. PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE PHOSPHATASE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. The Mitochondrial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MEASUREMENT OF PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX ACTIVITY -- III. METHODS OF PURIFICATION -- IV. PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Enzymes of Fatty Acid Synthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE (EC 6.4.1.2) -- III. FATTY ACID SYNTHETASE -- IV. DESATURATION -- V. ELONGATION OF FATTY ACIDS -- VI. SYNTHESIS OF OTHER PLANT FATTY ACIDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Enzymes of Lipid Degradation -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. LIPASES (EC 3.1.1.3) -- III. ACYL HYDROLASE -- IV. PHOSPHOLIPASE D (EC 3.1.4.4) -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Enzymes of Phospholipid Synthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS -- III. CATEGORY I ENZYMES -- IV. CATEGORY II ENZYMES -- V. CATEGORY III ENZYMES -- VI. CATEGORY IV ENZYMES -- VII. CATEGORY V ENZYMES -- VIII. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Nitrate Reductase and Nitrite Reductase -- I. NITRATE REDUCTASE -- II. NITRITE REDUCTASE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE. , III. FERREDOXIN- AND NADH-GOGAT -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Aminotransferases -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ASSAYS -- III. ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.6.1.1) -- IV. ALANINE : 2'-OXOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.6.1.2) -- V. GLYOXYLATE AMINOTRANSFERASES -- VI. OTHER AMINOTRANSFERASES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Enzymes of Asparagine Metabolism -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE (EC 6.3.5.4) -- III. ASPARAGINASE (EC 3.5.1.1) -- IV. METHODS FOR ASSAY OF OTHER ENZYMES OF ASPARAGINE METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Enzymes of Lysine Synthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. LYSINE-SENSITIVE ASPARTATE KINASE -- III. ASPARTATE SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE -- IV. DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE -- V. DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE REDUCTASE -- VI. DIAMINOPIMELATE EPIMERASE -- VII. DIAMINOPIMELATE DECARBOXYLASE -- VIII. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Threonine Biosynthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE -- III. HOMOSERINE KINASE -- IV. THREONINE SYNTHASE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Enzymes of Leucine, Valine and Isoleucine Biosynthesis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- III. ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE (AHAS) (EC 4.1.3.18) -- IV. ACETOHYDROXYACID REDUCTOISOMERASE (EC 1.1.1.86) -- V. DIHYDROXYACID DEHYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.9) -- VI. BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.6.1.42) -- VII. ENZYMES OF LEUCINE BIOSYNTHESIS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism A. ATP-Sulphurylase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY -- III. DETERMINATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY WITH THE LUCIFERIN-LUCIFERASE SYSTEM -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism B. Adenosine 5'-Phosphosulphate Sulphotransferase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MEASUREMENT OF APS SULPHOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY -- III. EXTRACTION AND PROPERTIES OF APS SULPHOTRANSFERASE -- IV. OCCURRENCE AND LOCALISATION OF APS SULPHOTRANSFERASE. , REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism C. Sulphite Reductase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MEASUREMENT OF SULPHITE REDUCTASE -- III. PROPERTIES OF SULPHITE REDUCTASE -- IV. OCCURRENCE AND LOCALISATION OF SULPHITE REDUCTASE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism D. Cysteine Synthase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MEASUREMENT OF CYSTEINE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY -- III. SPECIFICITY OF THE ASSAY -- IV. EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION -- V. SPECIFICITY OF CYSTEINE SYNTHASE -- VI. OCCURRENCE AND LOCALISATION OF CYSTEINE SYNTHASE -- VII. REGULATORY PROPERTIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism E. Synthesis of Glutathione -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Sulphur Metabolism F. Enzymes Involved in the Synthesis of Methionine -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CYSTATHIONINE γ-SYNTHASE (EC 4.2.99.-) -- III. CYSTATHIONINE ß-LYASE (ß-Cystathionase EC 4.4.1.8) -- IV. HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLASE (Methionine synthase -- EC 2.1.1.14) -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Protein Kinase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ASSAY -- III. PURIFICATION -- IV. PROPERTIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Tonoplast Adenosine Triphosphatase and Inorganic Pyrophosphatase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PREPARATION OF TONOPLAST VESICLES -- III. MEASUREMENT OF PHOSPHOHYDROLASE ACTIVITY -- IV. MEASUREMENT OF H+-TRANSLOCATION -- V. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Note: Intro -- The Volcanoes of Mars -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- On the cover -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Welcome to Mars! -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Learning about Mars -- 1.3. Geology -- 1.4. Volcanism -- 1.5. Plate tectonics -- 1.6. Samples from Mars -- 1.7. Chronology -- 1.8. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Areography -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Physiography -- 2.3. Background: Martian volcanoes -- 2.4. Geologic mapping of Martian volcanoes -- 2.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Tharsis Province -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Volcanic constructs -- 3.2.1. Summits -- 3.2.2. Flank morphology -- 3.3. Unique features of Olympus Mons -- 3.3.1. Basal escarpment -- 3.3.2. Aureole materials -- 3.3.3. Collapsed volcanoes -- 3.4. Central plains of Tharsis -- 3.4.1. Lava flows -- 3.4.2. Fissures and other vents -- 3.4.3. Dikes -- 3.5. Explosive volcanism? -- 3.6. The role of glaciation -- 3.6.1. Subglacial birth of Olympus Mons -- 3.6.2. Western fan deposits -- 3.6.3. Summit glaciers -- 3.7. The uniqueness of Tharsis -- 3.8. Tharsis as the source for SNC meteorites -- 3.9. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The Elysium Province -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Volcanic constructs -- 4.2.1. Elysium Mons -- 4.2.2. Hecates Tholus -- 4.2.3. Albor Tholus -- 4.3. Volcanic flows -- 4.4. The role of ice -- 4.5. Recent activity -- 4.6. Unanswered questions and future studies -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: The Circum-Hellas Province -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Spacecraft exploration -- 5.2.1. Mariner 9 -- 5.2.2. Viking -- 5.3. Central volcanoes -- 5.3.1. Tyrrhenus Mons -- 5.3.2. Hadriacus Mons -- 5.3.3. Amphitrites and Peneus Paterae -- 5.3.4. Melae and Pityusa Paterae -- 5.4. Post-Viking geologic investigations -- 5.5. Volcanic history -- 5.6. Future research -- References. , Chapter 6: Syrtis Major and small highland volcanoes -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Regional geography and geology -- 6.3. Tectonic and volcanic history -- 6.4. Composition of Syrtis Major deposits -- 6.5. Exploration of Jezero crater -- 6.6. Small highland volcanoes -- 6.7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Medusae Fossae Formation and the northern lowlands -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Observations of MFF -- 7.3. Interpretations of MFF -- 7.4. Explosive eruptions on Mars -- 7.5. Recent studies of MFF -- 7.6. Apollinaris Mons -- 7.7. Volcanic explosions in the northern lowlands -- 7.8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Igneous composition -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Why is composition important? -- 8.3. Composition at a distance (remote sensing) -- 8.4. Composition from the Martian surface (in situ) -- 8.5. Combining orbital and surface data -- 8.6. Martian meteorites -- 8.7. Synthesis -- 8.8. What does it all mean? -- References -- Chapter 9: Lava worlds: Cosmic cousins -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Earth -- 9.3. The Moon -- 9.4. Venus -- 9.5. Mercury -- 9.6. Io -- 9.7. Asteroids and silicate volcanism -- 9.8. Cryovolcanism -- 9.9. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: What's next? -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. InSight -- 10.3. Mars 2020 ``Perseverance´´ rover (NASA) -- 10.4. ExoMars 2022 rover (ESA) -- 10.5. Other near-term Mars missions -- 10.6. Mars Sample Return (MSR) -- 10.7. Humans to Mars ( eventually ) -- 10.8. The allure of Mars -- References -- Appendix -- USGS geologic maps of Mars including Martian volcanoes -- Small-scale geologic maps (Fig. A.1) -- Mariner 9 geologic maps (1:5,000,000-scale -- subset of full series) -- Tharsis lava flow maps (1:2,000,000-scale) -- Miscellaneous and large-scale maps -- New geologic maps of Martian volcanic regions (Fig. A.2) -- Index.

Note: COVER -- TITLE PAGE. Medical Parasitology -- Copyright ©2009 Landes Bioscience -- Dedications -- About the Editors... ABHAY R. SATOSKAR -- About the Editors... GARY L. SIMON -- About the Editors... PETER J. HOTEZ -- About the Editors... MORIYA TSUJI -- CONTENTS -- EDITORS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- SECTION I. Nematodes -- CHAPTER 1. Enterobiasis -- CHAPTER 2. Trichuriasis -- CHAPTER 3. Ascariasis -- CHAPTER 4. Hookworm -- CHAPTER 5. Strongyloidiasis -- CHAPTER 6. Trichinellosis -- CHAPTER 7. Onchocercosis -- CHAPTER 8. Loiasis -- CHAPTER 9. Dracunculiasis -- CHAPTER 10. Cutaneous Larva Migrans: "The Creeping Eruption" -- CHAPTER 11. Baylisascariasis and Toxocariasis -- CHAPTER 12. Lymphatic Filariasis -- SECTION II. Trematodes -- CHAPTER 13. Clonorchiasis and Opisthorchiasis -- CHAPTER 14. Liver Fluke: Fasciola hepatica -- CHAPTER 15. Paragonimiasis -- CHAPTER 16. Intestinal Trematode Infections -- CHAPTER 17. Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma japonicum -- CHAPTER 18. Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni -- CHAPTER 19. Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma haematobium -- SECTION III. Cestodes -- CHAPTER 20. Taeniasis and Cyticercosis -- CHAPTER 21. Hydatid Disease -- SECTION IV. Protozoans -- CHAPTER 23. African Trypanosomiasis -- CHAPTER 24. Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) -- CHAPTER 25. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis -- CHAPTER 26. Toxoplasmosis -- CHAPTER 27. Giardiasis -- CHAPTER 28. Amebiasis -- CHAPTER 29. Cryptosporidiosis -- CHAPTER 30. Trichomoniasis -- CHAPTER 31. Pneumocystis Pneumonia -- CHAPTER 32. Malaria -- SECTION V. Arthropods -- CHAPTER 33. Clinically Relevant Arthropods -- APPENDIX -- Drugs for Parasitic Infections -- Safety of Antiparasitic Drugs in Pregnancy -- Manufacturers of Drugs Used to Treat Parasitic Infections -- INDEX -- A-C -- D-F -- G-M -- N-P -- R-T -- U-W -- BACK COVER.

Note: Front Cover -- Autoantibodies -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- Foreword - The Uses of Autoantibodies -- Chapter 1. Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibodies -- Chapter 2. Actin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 3. Affinity and Avidity of Autoantibodies -- Chapter 4. Alpha-galactosyl (Anti-Gal) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 5. Aminoacyl-tRNA Histidyl (Jo-1) Synthetase Autoantibodies -- Chapter 6. Aminoacyl-tRNA (other than Histidyl) Synthetase Autoantibodies -- Chapter 7. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- Chapter 8. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Myeloperoxidase -- Chapter 9. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Proteinase 3 -- Chapter 10. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity other than PR3 and MPO (X-ANCA) -- Chapter 11. Antinuclear Antibodies -- Chapter 12. Autoantibodies in Therapeutic Preparations of Human IgG (IVIg) -- Chapter 13. Autoantibodies that Penetrate into Living Cells -- Chapter 14. Autoantibody Subclasses -- Chapter 15. β2-Glycoprotein I Autoantibodies -- Chapter 16. Beta-adrenergic Receptor (and other Hormone Receptor) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 17. Bromelain-treated Erythrocyte Autoantibodies -- Chapter 18. C1 Inhibitor Autoantibodies -- Chapter 19. C1q Autoantibodies -- Chapter 20. Calcium Channel and Related Paraneoplastic Disease Autoantibodies -- Chapter 21. Calcium Channel Autoantibodies and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Chapter 22. Centriole and Centrosome Autoantibodies -- Chapter 23. Centromere Autoantibodies -- Chapter 24. Chromo Autoantibodies -- Chapter 25. Coagulation Factor VIII Autoantibodies -- Chapter 26. Coagulation Factor (Excluding Factor VIII) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 27. Collagen Autoantibodies -- Chapter 28. Cryoglobulins. , Chapter 29. Cryoglobulins Secondary to Hepatitis C Virus Infection -- Chapter 30. Cytokine Autoantibodies -- Chapter 31. Cytoskeletal Autoantibodies -- Chapter 32. dsDNA Autoantibodies -- Chapter 33. Endomysial Autoantibodies -- Chapter 34. Endothelial Cell Autoantibodies -- Chapter 35. Fibrillarin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 36. Fibronectin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 37. 56-kd Nuclear Protein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 38. Filaggrin (Keratin) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 39. Ganglioside Autoantibodies -- Chapter 40. Gliadin Antibodies -- Chapter 41. Glomerular Basement Membrane Autoantibodies -- Chapter 42. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies in Diabetes Mellitus -- Chapter 43. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies in Stiff-man Syndrome -- Chapter 44. Glycolipid (Excluding Ganglioside) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 45. Golgi Apparatus Autoantibodies -- Chapter 46. Granulocyte-specific Antinuclear Antibodies -- Chapter 47. Heat Shock Protein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 48. Heparin-associated Autoantibodies -- Chapter 49. Heterophile Antibodies -- Chapter 50. Hidden Autoantibodies -- Chapter 51. Histone (H2A-H2B)-DNA Autoantibodies -- Chapter 52. Histone Autoantibodies other than (H2A-H2B)-DNA Autoantibodies -- Chapter 53. Hormone Nonpeptide Autoantibodies: Thyroid -- Chapter 54. Hormone Peptide Autoantibodies -- Chapter 55. Human Antimouse Antibodies -- Chapter 56. Idiotypes and Anti-idiotypic Antibodies -- Chapter 57. IgA Autoantibodies -- Chapter 58. IgE Receptor Autoantibodies -- Chapter 59. Insulin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 60. Interferon-inducible Protein IFI 16 Autoantibodies -- Chapter 61. Islet Cell Autoantibodies -- Chapter 62. Ku and Ki Autoantibodies -- Chapter 63. Liver Cytosol Antigen Type 1 Autoantibodies -- Chapter 64. Liver/Kidney Microsomal Autoantibodies -- Chapter 65. Liver Membrane Autoantibodies -- Chapter 66. Lupus Anticoagulant. , Chapter 67. Lymphocytotoxic Autoantibodies -- Chapter 68. Mi-2 Autoantibodies -- Chapter 69. Mitochondrial Autoantibodies -- Chapter 70. Mitotic Spindle Apparatus Autoantibodies -- Chapter 71. Molecular Mimicry -- Chapter 72. Myelin-associated Glycoprotein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 73. Myelin Basic Protein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 74. Myocardial Autoantibodies -- Chapter 75. Natural Autoantibodies -- Chapter 76. Nephritic Factor Autoantibodies -- Chapter 77. Neuronal Autoantibodies -- Chapter 78. Neuronal Nuclear Autoantibodies, Type 1 (Hu) -- Chapter 79. Neutrophil Autoantibodies -- Chapter 80. Nuclear Envelope Protein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 81. Nucleolar Autoa'ntibodies -- Chapter 82. Nucleosome-specific Autoantibodies -- Chapter 83. Other Autoantibodies to Nuclear Antigens -- Chapter 84. p53 Autoantibodies -- Chapter 85. Parietal Cell Autoantibodies -- Chapter 86. Pathogenic Mechanisms -- Chapter 87. Perinuclear Factor (Profilaggrin) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 88. Phospholipid Autoantibodies -- Cardiolipin -- Chapter 89. Phospholipid Autoantibodies - Phosphatidylserine -- Chapter 90. Platelet Autoantibodies -- Chapter 91. PM-Scl Autoantibodies -- Chapter 92. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Autoantibodies -- Chapter 93. Purkinje Cell Autoantibodies, Type 1 (Yo) -- Chapter 94. RA-33 (Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Complex) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 95. Recombinant Autoantigens -- Chapter 96. Red Cell Autoantibodies -- Chapter 97. Reticulin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 98. Retinal Autoantibodies -- Chapter 99. Retroviral Antibodies -- Chapter 100. Rheumatoid Factors -- Chapter 101. Ribosomal Autoantibodies -- Chapter 102. Ribosomal P Protein Autoantibodies -- Chapter 103. RNA Polymerase I-III Autoantibodies -- Chapter 104. Signal Recognition Particle Autoantibodies -- Chapter 105. Silicate and Silicone Antibodies. , Chapter 106. Skin Diseases Autoantibodies -- Chapter 107. Smooth Muscle Autoantibodies -- Chapter 108. Spliceosomal snRNPs Autoantibodies -- Chapter 109. SS-A (Ro) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 110. SS-B (La) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 111. Steroid Cell Autoantibodies -- Chapter 112. Striational Autoantibodies -- Chapter 113. Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies -- Chapter 114. Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibodies -- Chapter 115. Thyrotropin Receptor Autoantibodies -- Chapter 116. Topoisomerase-I (Scl-70) Autoantibodies -- Chapter 117. Tubular Basement Membrane Autoantibodies -- Chapter 118. Tyrosinase Autoantibodies -- Chapter 119. Xenoreactive Human Natural Antibodies -- Appendix -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Biological Approaches to the Study of Social Engagement -- 2. Temperamental Exuberance: Correlates and Consequences -- 3. Neural Bases of Infants' Processing of Social Information in Faces -- 4. Joint Attention, Social Engagement, and the Development of Social Competence -- 5. The Social Dimension in Language Development: A Rich History and a New Frontier -- 6. Neurocognitive Bases of Preschoolers' Theory-of-Mind Development: Integrating Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Development -- 7. The Neurobiology of Social Bonds and Affiliation -- 8. The Neurobiology of Maternal Behavior in Mammals -- 9. Play and the Development of Social Engagement: A Comparative Perspective -- 10. Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Engagement -- 11. Understanding Impairments in Social Engagement in Autism -- 12. Social Engagement in Williams Syndrome -- 13. The Psychological Effects of Early Institutional Rearing -- Name Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Z.

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Note: SUSTAINABLE CATALYSIS: Challenges and Practices for the Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Industries -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Catalytic Reduction of Amides Avoiding LiAlH4 or B2H6 -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 AMIDES -- 1.3 IMPORTANCE OF AMIDE REDUCTIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS -- 1.4 HETEROGENEOUS AMIDE HYDROGENATION -- 1.5 HOMOGENEOUS AMIDE HYDROGENATION -- 1.5.1 Hydrogenation of Primary Amides -- 1.5.2 Hydrogenation of Secondary Amides -- 1.5.3 Tertiary Amides -- 1.5.4 Scope of Ru/Triphos Amide Hydrogenation -- 1.5.5 Hydrogenation of Diacids in the Presence of Amines -- 1.5.6 Homogeneous Amide Hydrogenation Mechanism -- 1.5.7 Amide C - N Cleavage by Hydrogenation -- 1.6 HYDROSILATION -- 1.6.1 Rhodium-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.2 Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.3 Platinum-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.4 Molybdenum-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.5 Indium Bromide-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.6 Iron-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.6.7 Zinc-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides Using Silanes -- 1.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- 2 Hydrogenation of Esters -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 HYDROGENATION OF ALIPHATIC ESTERS -- 2.3 HYDROGENATION OF LACTONES -- 2.4 HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC ESTERS -- 2.5 HYDROGENATION OF FURANOIC ESTERS -- 2.6 HYDROGENATION OF CHIRAL ESTERS (BASE-FREE CONDITIONS) -- 2.7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Synthesis of Chiral Amines Using Transaminases -- 3.1 IMPORTANCE OF CHIRAL AMINES -- 3.1.1 Challenges with Chemocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Amines -- 3.2 TRANSAMINASES -- 3.2.1 Transaminase Mechanism -- 3.2.2 Transaminase Selectivity -- 3.3 TRANSAMINASE-CATALYZED RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC AMINES. , 3.4 TRANSAMINASE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF AMINES -- 3.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Development of a Sitagliptin Transaminase -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 CREATING ACTIVITY -- 4.3 TRANSAMINASE EVOLUTION -- 4.4 PROCESS OPTIMIZATION -- 4.5 A GENERAL AMINATION METHODOLOGY -- 4.6 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK -- 4.7 PROCEDURES -- 4.7.1 Transaminase Reaction at 1 kg Reaction Scale -- 4.7.2 FiltrationWorkup -- 4.7.3 Direct Extraction Workup -- REFERENCES -- 5 Direct Amide Formation Avoiding Poor Atom Economy Reagents -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 MECHANISM FOR BORONIC AND BORIC ACID CATALYSIS -- 5.3 BORIC ACID-BASED CATALYSIS -- 5.4 BORONIC ACID-BASED CATALYSIS -- 5.5 TRIAZINE-BASED REAGENTS -- 5.6 TITANIUM(IV)-BASED REAGENTS -- 5.7 ANTIMONY-BASED REAGENTS -- 5.8 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS AND MICROWAVE-ASSISTED AMIDE SYNTHESIS -- 5.9 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Industrial Applications of Boric Acid and Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Direct Amidation Reactions -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 THE SYNTHESIS OF EFAPROXIRAL UTILIZING A DIRECT AMIDATION REACTION -- 6.3 DIRECT AMIDATION EXAMPLES FROM DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES -- 6.4 DIRECT AMIDATION EXAMPLES FROM PFIZER -- 6.5 POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF BORIC ACID -- 6.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 7 OH Activation for Nucleophilic Substitution -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 FORMATION OF C - C BONDS FROM ALCOHOLS -- 7.3 FORMATION OF C - N BONDS FROM ALCOHOLS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Application of a Redox-Neutral Alcohol Amination in the Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of a GlyT1 Inhibitor -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 BACKGROUND AND INITIAL SYNTHETIC WORK -- 8.3 FIRST-GENERATION SYNTHESIS OF 10 -- 8.4 FIRST APPLICATION OF IR CHEMISTRY AND INITIAL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS -- 8.5 PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF THE AMINATION REACTION -- 8.5.1 Reliability Optimization -- 8.5.2 Catalyst Loading Optimization. , 8.5.3 Solvent Optimization and Additional Parameters -- 8.5.4 Kilogram-Scale Runs under Optimized Conditions -- 8.6 MECHANISTIC DISCUSSION -- 8.7 IRIDIUM CONTROL -- 8.8 FINAL COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Olefin Metathesis: From Academic Concepts to Commercial Catalysts -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 RECOVERY AND REUSE OF RU-BASED METATHESIS CATALYSTS: THE ACADEMICS' VIEW -- 9.3 APPLICATION OF RUTHENIUM METATHESIS CATALYSTS IN WATER -- 9.4 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Challenge and Opportunity in Scaling-up Metathesis Reaction: Synthesis of Ciluprevir (BILN 2061) -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 SYNTHESIS OF CILUPREVIR (BILN 2061) AND CRITICAL CHALLENGES -- 10.3 PREPARATIONS OF BUILDING BLOCKS -- 10.4 THE FIRST GENERATION CILUPREVIR (BILN 2061) PROCESS -- 10.5 CHALLENGES IN SCALING UP THE RCM REACTION -- 10.6 DEVELOPMENT OF A PRACTICAL AND SCALABLE RCM PROCESS -- 10.7 THE SECOND GENERATION CILUPREVIR (BILN 2061) PROCESS -- 10.8 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 11 C-H Activation of Heteroaromatics -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 DIRECT ARYLATION -- 11.2.1 C - H/ C - X Coupling -- 11.2.2 C - H /C - M Coupling -- 11.2.3 C - H/C - H Coupling -- 11.3 DIRECT ALKENYLATION -- 11.3.1 Coupling with Alkenyl Halides -- 11.3.2 Coupling with Alkenes (Fujiwara - Moritani Reaction) -- 11.3.3 Coupling with Alkynes (Hydroarylation) -- 11.4 DIRECT ALKYNYLATION -- 11.4.1 Coupling with Alkynyl Halides or Pseudohalides -- 11.4.2 Coupling with Terminal Alkynes -- 11.5 DIRECT ALKYLATION -- 11.5.1 Benzylation and Allylation -- 11.5.2 Alkylation with Unactivated Systems -- 11.6 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 12 The Discovery of a New Pd/Cu Catalytic System for C-H Arylation and Its Applications in a Pharmaceutical Process -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL PROCESS FOR THE AGONIST OF S1P1. , 12.3 DEVELOPMENT OF C - H ARYLATION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMG 369 -- 12.3.1 Initial Results -- 12.3.2 Discovery of a New Cocatalyst -- 12.3.3 Applications to the Synthesis of AMG 369 -- 12.3.4 Latest Developments and Future Perspective -- 12.4 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 13 Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers: Development and Application as Organocatalysts -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- 13.2 ENAMINE INTERMEDIATE -- 13.2.1 Michael Reaction -- 13.2.2 Acetaldehyde as Nucleophile -- 13.2.3 a-Oxidation Using Benzoyl Peroxide -- 13.2.4 Tandem Reaction Between Nitro-olefin and Pentane-1,5-dial -- 13.2.5 Multicomponent Reactions -- 13.2.6 [6+2] Cycloaddition -- 13.3 IMINIUM ION INTERMEDIATE -- 13.3.1 Diels-Alder and Ene-Type Reactions of Cyclopentadiene -- 13.3.2 Nitroalkane as a Nucleophile -- 13.3.3 Nitroethanol as Nucleophile -- 13.3.4 Formal Aza- and Carbo-[3+3] Cycloaddition -- 13.4 FORMAL C - H INSERTION -- 13.5 REACTIONS IN THE PRESENCE OFWATER -- 13.6 SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MOLECULES -- 13.6.1 Synthesis of ( - )-b-Santalol -- 13.6.2 Synthesis of Oseltamivir -- 13.6.3 Synthesis of ABT-341 (127) -- 13.7 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 14 Organocatalysis for Asymmetric Synthesis: From Lab to Factory -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 PREPARATION OF TELCAGEPANT, AN APPLICATION OF IMINIUM ORGANOCATALYSIS -- 14.2.1 Background and Synthetic Strategy -- 14.2.2 Preliminary Results, Identification of By-products, and Reaction Pathway Consideration -- 14.2.3 "Cocktail" Cocatalysts in Non-alcohol Solvents -- 14.2.4 The Use of Crude Jørgensen - Hayashi Catalyst -- 14.2.5 Evolution to a Streamlined Through-process -- 14.2.6 Completion of Telcagepant Synthesis -- 14.3 PREPARATION OF MK-8613, APPLICATION OF ASYMMETRIC MICHAEL ADDITION CATALYZED BY DESMETHYL QUINIDINE -- 14.3.1 Synthetic Target and Strategy Analysis. , 14.3.2 A Practical Process to Prepare Catalyst DMQ -- 14.3.3 Substrate-Specific Process Evolution -- 14.3.4 Completion of MK-8613 Synthesis -- 14.4 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 15 Catalytic Variants of Phosphine Oxide-Mediated Organic Transformations -- 15.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 WITTIG CHEMISTRY -- 15.3 AZA-WITTIG CHEMISTRY -- 15.4 MITSUNOBU CHEMISTRY -- 15.5 APPEL HALOGENATIONS -- 15.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 16 Formation of C-C Bonds Via Catalytic Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION: MINIMIZING PREACTIVATION FOR SYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY -- 16.2 CARBONYL AND IMINE VINYLATION -- 16.3 CARBONYL ALLYLATION AND PROPARGYLATION -- 16.4 ALDOL, MANNICH, AND RELATED PROCESSES -- 16.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index.