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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction. Influence of the Steric Requirements of the Nucleophile on the Transition State Structure of E2 Reactions. A Kinetic Study of the Elimination from 1-Bromo-2-arylethanes and 1-chloro-1-phenyl-2-arylethanes Promoted by Sodium 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenoxide (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 5028-5028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00420a623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the steric requirements of the nucleophile on the transition state structure of E2 reactions. A kinetic study of the eliminations from 1-bromo-2-arylethanes and 1-chloro-1-phenyl-2-arylethanes promoted by sodium 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenoxide (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 2414-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00406a024
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between Productivity and Phosphate Requirement as a Parameter of Selection in Medicago rigidula (L.) Allioni (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 109 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Among one hundred lines of Medicago rigidula (L.) Allioni, fifteen (5 high-producing, HP, 5 intermediate-producing, IP, and 5 low-producing, LP) were chosen as experimental material because of their different dry-matter production when grown at 0.5 mg L-1 of P2O5 in hydroponic solution (critical level). The aim of this work was to evaluate the response to selection with respect to dry-matter yield (DMY), made at 0.5 mg L-1 of P2O5 and to check if superior lines could also be isolated when plants were grown at 20 and 200 mg L-1 of P2O5. Results show that HP lines were also superior with respect to DMY (g/plant) at the higher phosphorus concentrations. Highly-productive line selection in M. rigidula can also be achieved when plants are grown at a critical level of phosphorus in the nutrient solution. Phosphate content in the dry matter produced and phosphatase activity were also analysed. Plants of the more-productive lines were characterized by lower phosphate content per unit dry matter and by a higher phosphatase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00177.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of organic amendment and herbicide treatment on soil microbial biomass (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words FDA-hydrolase ; Imazethapyr ; Rimsulfuron ; Phosphatase activity ; Vermi-compost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The interactive effects of vermi-compost from sewage sludge and either the sulfonylurea herbicide, rimsulfuron, or the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, on some soil biochemical and microbiological properties were investigated. The herbicides were applied at field and 10-fold field rates. Both herbicides exerted a detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass and its biochemical properties. Even though the effect of both herbicides on soil microbial biomass was not detectable at the field rate, some significant influences on acid and alkaline phosphatase were observed. The higher rate of herbicide application impaired the observed microbial parameters to a greater degree. The detrimental effects seemed to be reduced by organic amendments. Among the studied microbial characteristics, the specific respiration quotient was particularly reliable and sensitive in determining the influence of herbicides on the soil microbial biomass. In this paper a new synthetic index, specific hydrolytic activity (qFDA), for assessing microbial activity in reply to xenobiotic treatments is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotation, nitrogen fertilization and management of crop residues on some chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of soil (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Catalase activity ; Crop rotation ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Microbial biomass ; Nitrogen fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A long-term experiment, which started in 1971 near Perugia, central Italy, was performed to investigate the effect of different crop residue management practices and rotation systems on some soil properties. Twenty years after the beginning of the experiment, chemical (organic C, total N, humified organic C, humic and fulvic acids), microbiological and biochemical parameters (microbial biomass, global hydrolase activity, dehydrogenase and catalase activities) were investigated. Two crop residue management practices were used in the experiment, i.e. removal (RCR soils) and burial (BCR soils). These treatments were factorially combined with eight rotation systems, i.e. five maize-wheat rotations of different lengths (M-1W, M-2W, M-3W, M-4W and M-5W) and three continuous wheat systems with different fertilization inputs, from 150 to 250 kg N ha–1. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 1991 for chemical determinations, and in the spring and autumn of 1992, 1993 and 1994, for microbiological and biochemical determinations. All soil chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters investigated showed significant differences depending on the management of the crop residues. The BCR soils showed more favourable characteristics. In contrast, few significant effects were observed in relation to rotation and N-fertilization treatment. Significant correlations were found between organic-C content and all microbiological and biochemical parameters, as well as between the microbiological and biochemical parameters themselves, indicating that organic-C content plays an important role in determining the level of soil enzyme activity and, consequently, of soil fertility. This experiment showed that burying crop residues in soil can be considered good agronomic practice, which may help limit the gradual depletion of soil organic matter and improve the chemical properties of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between rimsulfuron degradation and microbial biomass content in a clay loam soil (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 310-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Degradation kinetics ; Soil microbial biomass ; Rimsulfuron ; Herbicide ; Pedoclimatic conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The present research was conducted to determine the relationship between the degradation of rimsulfuron and soil microbial biomass C in a laboratory-incubated clay loam soil (pH=8.1; organic matter=2.1%) under different conditions and at different initial dosages (field rate, 10 and 100 times the field rate). The half-life values varied between 0.4 and 103.4 days depending on temperature, soil moisture and initial dose. Evidence suggested that rimsulfuron could pose environmental risks in cold and dry climatic conditions. Significant decreases in microbial biomass C content in rimsulfuron-treated soil, compared to untreated soil, were observed initially, especially at higher temperatures and low moisture levels, but never exceeded 20.3% of that in control soil. The microbial biomass C content then returned to initial values at varying times depending on incubation conditions. The relationship between herbicide degradation and microbial biomass C content gave parabolic curves (P〈0.005 in all cases) under all conditions tested. Generally, maximum biomass C decrease coincided with the decrease in the concentration of rimsulfuron to about 50% of the initial dose, except at 10  °C and 100×, when biomass began to recover as early as 65–70% of the initial dose. The final equations could be useful to deduce the decrease of soil microbial biomass in relation to herbicide concentration. From the degradation kinetics of the herbicide, the time required to reach this decrease can also be calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050661
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference with soil phosphatase activity by maize herbicidal treatment and incorporation of maize residues (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 286-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Maize weedkillers ; Phosphomonoesterases ; Phosphodiesterase ; Phosphotriesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study is concerned with the way alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor interfered with phosphatase activity in a clay loam soil unenriched and enriched with maize residues. Enrichment caused an increase in all phosphatase activities (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, phosphotriesterase) tested. Interference with phosphatase activity following herbicidal treatment was found in both unenriched and enriched soil samples. Statistically significant interference was dependent on soil enrichment, the type of herbicide and its rate of application and the time elapsed since the herbicidal treatment. The observed changes in phosphatase activities are attributed to herbicidal action on phosphatase-producing microorganisms. Among the herbicides tested, the acetanilide derivatives exerted a lesser inhibiting effect than atrazine. Nevertheless, all the altered phosphatase activities showed a tendency, more or less rapid, to reach the levels in the corresponding untreated soil samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different treatments with crop residues on soil phosphatase activity (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Crop residues ; Phosphatase activity ; Kinetic parameters ; Enzyme correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phosphomonoesterase (both acid and alkaline) and phosphodiesterase activity was either activated or inhibited in a soil treated with different crop residues. “Phosphotriesterase” activity remained unaffected. The kinetic parameters (V max and K m) of treated soil samples were modified in the same way: Increases or decreases in the V max values corresponded to increases or decreases in the K m values. The V max values, rather than the K m values, were found to have a predominant effect on phosphatase activity, thus indicating a fundamental role for the enzyme concentration. A positive and generally significant correlation was found between the activity of each phosphatase, which suggests an unspecific source of these enzymes. The values of the determination coefficients (R 2 × 100) show that a low percentage of the variability may be ascribed to interactions among phosphatase activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255138
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the addition of municipal solid-waste compost on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Arylsulphatase ; Deaminase ; Microbial biomass ; Municipal solid waste compost ; Phosphatase ; Protease ; Urease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Changes in the content of C, N, P, and S in the soil biomass and in phosphatase, urease, protease, deaminase, and arylsulphatase activity, induced by amendment with municipal solid-waste compost, were determined in a clay loam soil during 1 year of incubation at 25° and 35°C. In the unenriched soil (control) decreasing trends in biomass C, biomass N, and biomass S were observed at both temperatures. In the enriched soil, these values increased, reaching a maximum after 1 month. Biomass P, probably due to a slower process of P immobilization, showed different trends. Alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and deaminase activity remained constant after reaching maximum values (3–5 months). Arylsulphatase, urease, and protease activity tended to return to baseline after reaching a maximum (2–3 months). Atrazine, though applied at a dose that was 10 times higher than the recommended field rate, did not modify the chemical and biochemical properties of either the control or the enriched soil. Significant positive and negative correlations between changes in biomass values and changes in enzyme activity were found. The negative correlations are attributed to the delay in the enzymatic response compared with the changes in microbial biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336141
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municipal refuse (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 54-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biological index of fertility ; Biomass-C content ; Enzyme activity ; FDA hydrolase ; Soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Changes in enzyme activity levels, in biomass-C content, and in the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis were measured in a loamy soil to which solid municipal refuse had been applied as compost over a 3-year period at two different rates. Addition of the compost caused significant increases in the activity of all enzymes tested. The increases were much higher at 90 t ha-1 year-1 than at 30 t ha-1 year-1. Significant increases were also observed in the biomass-C content and in the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. Significant correlations among changes in biomass-C content and the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and the changes in all enzymes tested were found. Two activity indices were calculated; a biological index of fertility and an enzyme activity number. No correlations were found between the biological index of fertility and the changes in the various enzyme activities. However, significant correlations were found either between enzyme activity number and most of the changes in enzyme activity, or between the enzyme activity number index and the biomass-C content (r=0.850). The use of a new activity index, the hydrolysis coefficient, is proposed. This coefficient was significantly correlated with biomass-C content (r=0.925) and with the enzyme activity number index (r=0.780).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336303
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