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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide production in a forest soil at low temperatures – processes and environmental controls (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent investigations have highlighted the relative importance of the winter season for emissions of N2O from boreal soils. However, our understanding of the processes and environmental controls regulating these emissions is fragmentary. Therefore, we investigated the potential for, and relative importance of, N2O formation at temperatures below 0 °C in laboratory experiments involving incubations of a Swedish boreal forest soil. Our results show that frozen soils have a high potential for N2O formation and subsequent emission. Net N2O production rates at −4 °C equaled those observed at +10 to +15 °C at moisture contents 〉60% of the soil's water-holding capacity. The source of this N2O was found to be denitrification occurring in anoxic microsites in the frozen soil and temperature per se did not control the denitrification rates at temperatures around 0 °C. Furthermore, both net nitrogenmineralisation and nitrification were observed in the frozen soil samples. Based on these findings we propose a conceptual model for the temperature response of N2O formation in soils at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.04.006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in coniferous forests (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 54 (1990), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A temporary decline in tree growth has often been observed after liming in coniferous forests poor in N but seldom in forests rich in N. To test the hypothesis that the decline was caused by decreases in N supply, C and N mineralization were estimated in incubated soil: (1) after liming in the laboratory, and (2) after earlier liming in the field. Liming increased the C mineralization rate in needle litter, nor humus and 0 to 5 cm mineral soil for a period of 40 to 100 days at 15°C. After that period, liming had no effect on the CO2 evolution rate in materials poor in N (C:N ratios 30 to 62) but increased the CO2 evolution rate in materials rich in N (C:N ratios 24 to 28). When liming induced nitrification, the CO2 evolution rate was reduced. Liming resulted in lower net N mineralization rate in needle litter and mor humus. The reduction was more pronounced when NH4 + was the only inorganic form than when NO3 − was the predominant form. The reason is probably that chemical fixation of NH3 and amino compounds increases with increasing pH. Because of the fixation, the incubation technique most likely underestimated the mineralized N available to the roots. Taking this underestimation into consideration, liming initially reduced the N release in the litter layer. In the other soil layers, liming increased the N release in soils rich in N and had only small effects in soils poor in N. For the total N supply to the roots in the litter, humus and 0 to 5 cm mineral soil layers, liming caused a slight reduction in soils poor in N and a slight increase in soils rich in N. Data on tree growth corresponded with these results.The hypotheses that tree growth depressions can be caused by reduced N supply after liming and that tree growth increases can be caused by increased N supply after liming thus seem reasonable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298678
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 45 (1989), S. 77-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The aim was to determine if changes in C and N mineralization after acidification and liming could be explained by changes in the soil organism biomass. Intact soil cores from F/H layers in a Norway spruce (C:N=31) and a Scots pine (C:N=44) stand in central Sweden were treated in the laboratory for 55 days with deionized water (control), weak H2SO4 (successively applied as 72 mm of acid rain of pH 3.1), strong H2SO4 (applied as a single high dose of pH 1), and lime CaCO3. Strong acidification reduced C mineralization and increased net N mineralization in both soils. Weak acidification resulted in similar but less pronounced effects. Liming initially stimulated C mineralization rate, but the rates declined, indicating that an easily available C source was successively used up by the microorganisms. Liming also increased net N mineralization in the C:N=31 humus, but not significantly in the C:N--44 humus. Strong acidification generally affected the amounts of FDA-active fungal hyphae, nematodes and enchytraeids more than the other treatments did. The increases in net N mineralization after acidification and liming could only partly be explained by the decreases in biomass N in soil organisms. Mineralization of biomass N from killed soil organisms could at the most explain up to about 30% of the increase in net N mineralization after strong acidification. Most of the effects on N mineralization seemed to depend on the fact that acidification reduced and liming increased the availability of C and N to the microorganisms. Furthermore, acidification seemed to reduce the incorporation of N from dead organisms into the soil organic matter and, thereby, make the N compounds more readily available to microbial decomposition and mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208579
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in coniferous forests (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 54 (1990), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A temporary decline in tree growth has often been observed after liming in coniferous forests poor in N but seldom in forests rich in N. To test the hypothesis that the decline was caused by decreases in N supply, C and N mineralization were estimated in incubated soil: (1) after liming in the laboratory, and (2) after earlier liming in the field. Liming increased the C mineralization rate in needle litter, mor humus and 0 to 5 cm mineral soil for a period of 40 to 100 days at 15°C. After that period, liming had no effect on the CO2 evolution rate in materials poor in N (C:N ratios 30 to 62) but increased the CO2 evolution rate in materials rich in N (C:N ratios 24 to 28). When liming induced nitrification, the CO2 evolution rate was reduced. Liming resulted in lower net N mineralization rate in needle litter and mor humus. The reduction was more pronounced when NH 4 + was the only inorganic form than when NO 3 − was the predominant form. The reason is probably that chemical fixation of NH3 and amino compounds increases with increasing pH. Because of the fixation, the incubation technique most likely underestimated the mineralized N available to the roots. Taking this underestimation into consideration, liming initially reduced the N release in the litter layer. In the other soil layers, liming increased the N release in soils rich in N and had only small effects in soils poor in N. For the total N supply to the roots in the litter, humus and 0 to 5 cm mineral soil layers, liming caused a slight reduction in soils poor in N and a slight increase in soils rich in N. Data on tree growth corresponded with these results. The hypotheses that tree growth depressions can be caused by reduced N supply after liming and that tree growth increases can be caused by increased N supply after liming thus seem reasonable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385230
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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