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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “Nasal Pool”-device for challenge and lavage of the nasal mucosa in children: Histamine-induced plasma exudation responses (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 8 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The accessibility of the nasal airway allows important examination of the airway mucosa in health and disease. However, the current methods for nasal challenge and lavage in children suffer from several shortcomings. In the present study, we have assessed the utility of a recently developed “nasal pool”-device in 7–9 year old children, and explored the ability of the nasal mucosa of these school-children to mount a plasma exudation res-ponse (lumenal entry of bulk plasma). Isotonic saline was instilled and maintained (1 min) as a “pool” in the unilateral nasal cavity. Recovery of the “pool” (lavage fluids) was determined. Concomitant challenge and lavage was then performed by exposing the nasal mucosa to a “pool” of iso-tonic saline and histamine (40-400 μg/ml) for 2 min. “Pool” fluids were analysed for α2-macroglobulin as an index of microvascular epithelial exudation of bulk plasma. The school-children successfully managed to carry out nasal lavages as well as concomitant histamine challenges and lavages with the “nasal pool”-device. The recovery of the nasal lavage fluids was almost quantitative (〉85%) and thus well reproducible. Histamine produced significant exudation of bulk plasma (α2-macroglobulin), We suggest that the “nasal pool”-device is well suited for challenge and lavage of the nasal airway mucosa in children above 6 years of age. and conclude that lumenal entry of multipotent humoural protein-systems may be an im-portant first line respiratory defence mechanism in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00167.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid-sensitive indices of airway inflammation in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies involving adults have demonstrated that airway glucocorticosteroids inhibit plasma exudation and eosinophil activity in allergic rhinitis. This study explores the possibility that plasma exudation, exudative responsiveness, and the occurrence of eosinophil activity-related proteins are glucocorticosteroid-sensitive nasal mucosal indices in allergic children. Using a placebo-controlled, parallel-group design effects of nasal budesonide (64 µg per nasal cavity b.i.d) were determined in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Nasal lavage fluid levels of eotaxin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and α2-macroglobulin, indicating plasma exudation, were determined, the latter with and without challenge with topical histamine. Nasal lavage fluid levels of α2-macroglobulin and ECP increased significantly during the pollen season, and the acute plasma exudation response to histamine was significantly greater during than outside the season. There was a trend towards a seasonal increase in nasal lavage fluid levels of eotaxin. Budesonide significantly inhibited the seasonal increase in α2-macroglobulin as well as the exudative hyperresponsiveness to histamine. Any tendency of increases in mucosal output of eotaxin and ECP was abolished by the glucocorticosteroid treatment. We conclude that mucosal exudation of plasma, as a global sign of active inflammatory processes, is a glucocorticosteroid-sensitive facet of allergic rhinitis in children. Exudative hyperresponsiveness, potentially caused by several weeks of mucosal inflammation, emerges as a significant feature of allergic rhinitis in children, and its development is prevented by local treatment with a glucocorticosteroid drug. The seasonal increase in ECP and the trend for an increase in eotaxin were absent in the glucocorticosteroid-treated subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.02102.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractile effects of histamine in large and small respiratory airways (1976)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 6 (1976), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The described technique allows recording of circular smooth muscle activity in isolated airways approx. 1 mm in diameter (bronchioles). It also allows recording of graded contractile and relaxant responses to drugs. Bronchiolar preparations and spirally cut airways (diameters 3–6 mm) were obtained from cat, dog, guinea-pig and man. Histamine is shown to contract cat bronchioles, large airways in cat being unaffected. The contraction is blocked by brompheniramine, but not by atropine. Other contractile agents, cholinoceptor-stimulants, prostaglandin F2α, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and potassium contract the isolated cat airways irrespective of their size. In preparations from dog, guinea-pig and man, histamine was shown to contract both small and large respiratory airways. The effect was blocked by brompheniramine, which did not change the effect of acetylcholine or pilocarpine. Both large and small airways contracted to cholinoceptor stimulation Within species, small and large airways were similarly sensitive to the contractile agents, except for histamine in cat airways. The present findings show a size- and species-dependent effect of histamine in respiratory airways. The effect of histamine in isolated cat airways might partly explain the pulmonary effect of histamine in vivo. The importance of including both small and large airways in studies of contractile and relaxant effects is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo restitution of airway epithelium (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 305-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Airways ; Epithelial repair ; Cell migration ; Cell proliferation ; Reinnervation ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Epithelial shedding occurs in health and, extensively, in inflammatory airway diseases. This study describes deepithelialisation, reepithelialisation and associated events in guinea-pig trachea after shedding-like epithelial denudation in vivo. Mechanical deepithelialisation of an 800-μm wide tracheal zone was carried out using an orotracheal steel probe without bleeding or damage to the basement membrane. Reepithelialisation was studied by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Nerve fibres were examined by immunostaining. Cell proliferation was analysed by [3H]-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after epithelial removal secretory and ciliated (and presumably basal) epithelial cells at the wound margin dedifferentiated, flattened and migrated rapidly (2–3 μm/min) over the denuded basement membrane. Within 8–15 h a new, flattened epithelium covered the entire deepithelialised zone. At 30 h a tight epithelial barrier was established and after 5 days the epithelium was fully redifferentiated. After completed migration an increased mitotic activity occurred in the epithelium and in fibroblasts/ smooth muscle beneath the restitution zone. Reinnervating intraepithelial calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres appeared within 30 h. We conclude that (1) reproducible shedding-like denudation, without bleeding or damage to the basement membrane, can be produced in vivo; (2) secretory and ciliated cells participate in reepithelialisation by dedifferentiation and migration; (3) the initial migration is very fast in vivo; (4) shedding-like denudation may cause strong secretory and exudative responses as well as proliferation of epithelium, and fibroblasts/smooth muscle. Rapid restitution of airway epithelium may depend on contributions from the microcirculation and innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050427
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo restitution of airway epithelium (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 305-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Airways ; Epithelial repair ; Cell migration ; Cell proliferation ; Reinnervation ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epithelial shedding occurs in health and, extensively, in inflammatory airway diseases. This study describes deepithelialisation, reepithelialisation and associated events in guinea-pig trachea after shedding-like epithelial denudation in vivo. Mechanical deepithelialisation of an 800-μm wide tracheal zone was carried out using an orotracheal steel probe without bleeding or damage to the basement membrane. Reepithelialisation was studied by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Nerve fibres were examined by immunostaining. Cell proliferation was analysed by [3H]-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after epithelial removal secretory and ciliated (and presumably basal) epithelial cells at the wound margin dedifferentiated, flattened and migrated rapidly (2–3 μm/min) over the denuded basement membrane. Within 8–15 h a new, flattened epithelium covered the entire deepithelialised zone. At 30 h a tight epithelial barrier was established and after 5 days the epithelium was fully redifferentiated. After completed migration an increased mitotic activity occurred in the epithelium and in fibroblasts/smooth muscle beneath the restitution zone. Reinnervating intraepithelial calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres appeared within 30 h. We conclude that (1) reproducible shedding-like denudation, without bleeding or damage to the basement membrane, can be produced in vivo; (2) secretory and ciliated cells participate in reepithelialisation by dedifferentiation and migration; (3) the initial migration is very fast in vivo; (4) shedding-like denudation may cause strong secretory and exudative responses as well as proliferation of epithelium, and fibroblasts/smooth muscle. Rapid restitution of airway epithelium may depend on contributions from the microcirculation and innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583399
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