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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :IOS Press, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: In the summer of 1956, John McCarthy organized the famous Dartmouth Conference which is now commonly viewed as the founding event for the field of Artificial Intelligence. During the last 50 years, AI has seen a tremendous development and is now a well-established scientific discipline all over the world. Also in Europe AI is in excellent shape, as witnessed by the large number of high quality papers in this publication. In comparison with ECAI 2004, there's a strong increase in the relative number of submissions from Distributed AI / Agents and Cognitive Modelling. Knowledge Representation & Reasoning is traditionally strong in Europe and remains the biggest area of ECAI-06. One reason the figures for Case-Based Reasoning are rather low is that much of the high quality work in this area has found its way into prestigious applications and is thus represented under the heading of PAIS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (892 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781607501893
    Series Statement: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Series ; v.141
    Language: English
    Note: Title page -- ECCAI Member Societies -- Conference Organization -- ECAI Programme Committee -- Additional Reviewers -- Preface -- Contents -- Invited Talks -- Socially Intelligent Robots -- Managing Diversity in Knowledge -- The Truth About Defaults -- SmartWeb: Getting Answers on the Go -- Papers -- Cognitive Modelling -- Background Default Knowledge and Causality Ascriptions -- Comparing Sets of Positive and Negative Arguments: Empirical Assessment of Seven Qualitative Rules -- A Similarity and Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach to Cerebral Categorisation -- Imitation of Intentional Behaviour -- Dramatization Meets Narrative Presentations -- MAMA: An Architecture for Interactive Musical Agents -- Bayesian Modelling of Colour's Usage Impact to Web Credibility -- Evaluating Perception of Interaction Initiation in Virtual Environments Using Humanoid Agents -- Cognitive Situated Agents Learn to Name Actions -- Tracking the Lexical Zeitgeist with WordNet and Wikipedia -- Constraints and Search -- Enhancing Constraints Manipulation in Semiring-Based Formalisms -- Evaluating ASP and Commercial Solvers on the CSPLib -- Automatic Generation of Implied Constraints -- Maintaining Generalized Arc Consistency on Ad-Hoc n-Ary Boolean Constraints -- A Study on the Short-Term Prohibition Mechanisms in Tabu Search -- Random Subset Optimization -- Search for Compromise Solutions in Multiobjective State Space Graphs -- Minion: A Fast Scalable Constraint Solver -- Asynchronous Forward-Bounding for Distributed Constraints Optimization -- Distributed Log-Based Reconciliation -- Extracting MUCs from Constraint Networks -- Preference-Based Inconsistency Proving: When the Failure of the Best Is Sufficient -- Return of the JTMS: Preferences Orchestrate Conflict Learning and Solution Synthesis -- Multi-Objective Propagation in Constraint Programming. , Last Conflict Based Reasoning -- Dynamic Orderings for AND/OR Branch-and-Bound Search in Graphical Models -- Compact Representation of Sets of Binary Constraints -- Pessimistic Heuristics Beat Optimistic Ones in Real-Time Search -- Inverse Consistencies for Non-Binary Constraints -- Guiding Search Using Constraint-Level Advice -- Beyond Singleton Arc Consistency -- Symmetry Breaking Using Value Precedence -- Distributed AI/Agents -- Coordination Through Inductive Meaning Negotiation -- Reaching Agreements for Coalition Formation Through Derivation of Agents' Intentions -- Cheating Is Not Playing: Methodological Issues of Computational Game Theory -- Mediation in the Framework of Morpho-Logic -- Strengthening Admissible Coalitions -- Advanced Policy Explanations on the Web -- Prevention of Harmful Behaviors Within Cognitive and Autonomous Agents -- Coalition Structure Generation in Task-Based Settings -- Programming Agents with Emotions -- Goal Types in Agent Programming -- Alternating-Offers Bargaining Under One-Sided Uncertainty on Deadlines -- A Logic-Based Framework to Compute Pareto Agreements in One-Shot Bilateral Negotiation -- Towards ACL Semantics Based on Commitments and Penalties -- Computational Opinions -- A New Semantics for the FIPA Agent Communication Language Based on Social Attitudes -- Contouring of Knowledge for Intelligent Searching for Arguments -- On the Inability of Gathering by Asynchronous Mobile Robots with Initial Movements -- Testing the Limits of Emergent Behavior in MAS Using Learning of Cooperative Behavior -- Boolean Games Revisited -- An Automated Agent for Bilateral Negotiation with Bounded Rational Agents with Incomplete Information -- Self-Organizing Multiagent Approach to Optimization in Positioning Problems -- Arguing with Confidential Information. , Auction Mechanisms for Efficient Advertisement Selection on Public Displays -- Verifying Interlevel Relations Within Multi-Agent Systems -- Flexible Provisioning of Service Workflows -- Heuristic Bidding Strategies for Multiple Heterogeneous Auctions -- Are Parallel BDI Agents Really Better? -- Dynamic Control of Intention Priorities of Human-Like Agents -- Knowledge Representation and Reasoning -- Knowing Minimum/Maximum n Formulae -- Modal Logics for Communicating Rule-Based Agents -- Causation as Production -- Merging Possibilistic Networks -- Compiling Possibilistic Knowledge Bases -- Improving Bound Propagation -- Logic Programs with Multiple Chances -- Reasoning with Inconsistencies in Propositional Peer-to-Peer Inference Systems -- Conceptual Hierarchies Matching: An Approach Based on Discovery of Implication Rules Between -- Concepts -- CTL Model Update: Semantics, Computations and Implementation -- Resolving Conflicts in Action Descriptions -- Possibilistic Influence Diagrams -- Solving Optimization Problems with DLL -- Discovering Missing Background Knowledge in Ontology Matching -- Extracting MUSes -- On Probing and Multi-Threading in Platypus -- Elaborating Domain Descriptions -- On the Logic of Theory Change: Relations Between Incision and Selection Functions -- Representing Relative Direction as a Binary Relation of Oriented Points -- Modular Equivalence for Normal Logic Programs -- Preference Representation with 3-Points Intervals -- Reference-Dependent Qualitative Models for Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- Decision with Uncertainties, Feasibilities, and Utilities: Towards a Unified Algebraic Framework -- Using Occlusion Calculi to Interpret Digital Images -- Abductive Logic Programming in the Clinical Management of HIV/AIDS -- Interleaving Belief Updating and Reasoning in Abductive Logic Programming. , Bridging the Gap Between Informal and Formal Guideline Representations -- Boolean Propagation Based on Literals for Quantified Boolean Formulae -- General Concept Inclusions in Fuzzy Description Logics -- Approximating Extended Answer Sets -- An Axiomatic Approach in Qualitative Decision Theory with Binary Possibilistic Utility -- An Efficient Upper Approximation for Conditional Preference -- A Solver for QBFs in Nonprenex Form -- Knowledge Engineering for Bayesian Networks: How Common Are Noisy-MAX Distributions in Practice? -- Machine Learning -- A Unified Model for Multilabel Classification and Ranking -- Learning by Automatic Option Discovery from Conditionally Terminating Sequences -- Least Squares SVM for Least Squares TD Learning -- Argument Based Rule Learning -- A Real Generalization of Discrete AdaBoost -- Discovery of Entailment Relations from Event Co-Occurrences -- Efficient Knowledge Acquisition for Extracting Temporal Relations -- Efficient Learning from Massive Spatial-Temporal Data Through Selective Support Vector Propagation -- Automatic Term Categorization by Extracting Knowledge from the Web -- Strategic Foresighted Learning in Competitive Multi-Agent Games -- Natural Language Processing -- MSDA: Wordsense Discrimination Using Context Vectors and Attributes -- Integrating Domain and Paradigmatic Similarity for Unsupervised Sense Tagging -- Disambiguating Personal Names on the Web Using Automatically Extracted Key Phrases -- History-Based Inside-Outside Algorithm -- Shallow Semantic Parsing Based on FrameNet, VerbNet and PropBank -- Semantic Tree Kernels to Classify Predicate Argument Structures -- Planning and Scheduling -- A Multivalued Logic Model of Planning -- Strong Cyclic Planning Under Partial Observability -- Approximation Properties of Planning Benchmarks. , Approximate Linear-Programming Algorithms for Graph-Based Markov Decision Processes -- Mean Field Approximation of the Policy Iteration Algorithm for Graph-Based Markov Decision Processes -- Unified Definition of Heuristics for Classical Planning -- PAIS -- Applying Trip@dvice Recommendation Technology to www.visiteurope.com -- Natural and Intuitive Multimodal Dialogue for In-Car Applications: The SAMMIE System -- A Client/Server User-Based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm: Model and Implementation -- Software Companion: The Mexar2 Support to Space Mission Planners -- ECUE: A Spam Filter that Uses Machine Learning to Track Concept Drift -- Knowledge-Based Recommendation: Technologies and Experiences from Projects -- Diagnosing Highly Configurable Products: Troubleshooting Support for Airbus Final Assembly Line -- Web-Based Tools for Codification with Medical Ontologies in Switzerland -- Model-Based Failure Analysis with RODON -- Perception -- A Learning Classifier Approach to Tomography -- Depth Ordering and Figure-Ground Segregation in Monocular Images Derived from Illusory Contour -- Perception -- Graph Neural Networks for Object Localization -- Robotics -- Situation Assessment for Sensor-Based Recovery Planning -- Learning Behaviors Models for Robot Execution Control -- Plan-Based Configuration of a Group of Robots -- Posters -- Cognitive Modeling -- Agents with Anticipatory Behaviors: To Be Cautious in a Risky Environment -- AI and Music: Toward a Taxonomy of Problem Classes -- Using Emotions for Behaviour-Selection Learning -- Constraints and Search -- Efficient Handling of Complex Local Problems in Distributed Constraint Optimization -- Visualization for Analyzing Trajectory-Based Metaheuristic Search Algorithms -- Bipolar Preference Problems -- A Connectivity Constraint Using Bridges -- Distributed AI/Agents. , Search Better and Gain More: Investigating New Graph Structures for Multi-Agent Negotiations.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the late phase reaction (LPR) of murine experimental asthma. Our model consisted of an implant of DNP-conjugated, heat-coagulated hen's egg white (DNP-EWI), followed 14 days later by an intratracheal challenge with aggregated DNP-ovalbumin. Airway inflammation was analyzed 48 h after challenge and compared with a similarly immunized group of mice with highly suppressed humoral response due to anti-μ and anti-δ antibody treatment. Total number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (with predominance of eosinophils) and EPO activity in the lung homogenate were increased in the DNP-EWI-immunized group compared with immunosuppressed or nonimmunized mice. However, the cellular infiltration and EPO activity observed in the immunosuppressed group were still significantly above those obtained in the nonimmunized group, indicating that inhibition of antibody production did not completely prevent the inflammatory manifestations in BAL and lung. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacoline was obtained in DNP-EWI-immunized mice, but the respiratory mechanical parameters returned to normal levels in the immunosuppressed group. When these mice were reconstituted with monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies, only IgE, but not IgG1, restored lung inflammation and decreased the conductance of the respiratory system, therefore, increasing hyperresponsiveness. These results indicate that antibodies are not essential for induction of LPR in the lung. However, IgE enhances pulmonary inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background We have recently isolated two distinct components from Ascaris suum adult worms with different effects on the immune system: the allergenic protein of A. suum (APAS-3), which induces IgE antibody production, and suppressive protein of A. suum (PAS-1), which inhibits humoral and cellular immune responses induced by unrelated antigens. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of PAS-1 on a murine model of asthma induced by APAS-3.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized twice with APAS-3 or APAS-3 plus PAS-1 by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route (on days 0 and 7) and challenged twice with the same antigens intranasally (days 14 and 21). Two days after the last challenge, the allergic airway inflammation was evaluated by cellular migration, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine production and pulmonary mechanical parameters.Results The allergenic properties of APAS-3 were confirmed by the stimulation of anaphylactic IgE and IgG1 antibody production and eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. On the other hand, PAS-1-treated mice showed a marked suppression of cellular migration and EPO activity that correlated well with a significant reduction in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin and RANTES in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In contrast, considerable amounts of IL-10 were observed in the BAL fluid of PAS-1-treated mice. Airway hyper-responsiveness was obtained in APAS-3-immunized mice, but the conductance of the respiratory system was restored to normal values in the presence of PAS-1.Conclusion These results indicate that A. suum allergenic protein APAS-3 induces a T helper 2-type immune response and, consequently, eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Moreover, the modulatory protein PAS-1 has a marked suppressive effect on this response, and the inhibition of cytokine (IL-4, IL-5) and chemokine (eotaxin and RANTES) release, probably because of the presence of IL-10, may contribute to this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The increase of atopic disorders in developed countries has been associated with the decline of infectious diseases, including helminthic infections. We have already demonstrated that adult worm extracts from Ascaris suum (ASC) suppress the IgE antibody production against unrelated antigens.Objective Here we investigated the influence of ASC on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma.Methods Heat-coagulated egg white alone (EWI) or mixed with ASC (EWI + ASC) was implanted subcutaneously in B10.A or C57BL/6 mice, and 14 days later they were challenged intratracheally with OVA or exposed to aerosolized OVA for 4 days.Results The suppressive effect of ASC was demonstrated on the accumulation of cells into airways, with reduction of eosinophil numbers and of eosinophil peroxidase activity in EWI + ASC- immunized mice. This effect correlated with a marked reduction of IL-5 and IL-4 levels in the BAL from C57BL/6 and B10.A mice, respectively, and of eotaxin in BAL and lung tissue from both strains. OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE levels were also impaired in serum and BAL from these mice. Airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine was obtained in B10.A mice sensitized with EWI, but the respiratory mechanical parameters returned to normal levels in EWI + ASC-immunized mice.Conclusion These results indicate that ASC has a profound inhibitory effect on lung inflammation and hyper-responsiveness and that suppression of IL-5 or IL-4 and of eotaxin contributes to this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science 144 (1984), S. 53-66 
    ISSN: 0039-6028
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 144 (1984), S. A328 
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenoleukodystrophy ; Carrier detection ; Very long chain fatty acids ; DNA probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is based upon demonstration of high levels of very long chain fatty acids. More recently, in addition to biochemical analysis, closely linked DNA probe St14 has been used for prenatal diagnosis in informative families. Identification of heterozygotes is particularly important, both in order to specifically address only carrier females to prenatal diagnosis, and because appropriate dietary therapy is now available to treat those heterozygotes presenting with neurological symptoms. We report two pedigrees in which carrier detection was performed by a combination of biochemical and molecular genetic analysis. Such approach should allow extremely high accuracy in carrier detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 731-733 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Symptomatic dystonia ; Toxoplasmosis ; Cerebral vasculitits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the unusual presentation of acquired toxoplasmosis in a girl with severe and trasient hemidystonia as a unique symptom. Serum titres of anti-toxoplasma antibodies increased whereas no specific antibody response in the CSF was observed. While symptomatic drugs were inefficacious, specific anti-toxoplasmosis therapy led to complete and permanent recovery within 2 months. Conclusion Acquired toxoplasmosis may rarely cause cerebral disease even in immunocompetent children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 127-129 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rolipram ; amitriptyline ; depression ; adverse effects ; efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antidepressant efficacy and adverse-effects of rolipram (a dialkoxyphenyl-2-pyrrolidone) were compared to those of amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive illness requiring hospital admission in a double-blind study. Fifty patients meeting DSM-III criteria for Major Depression whose scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) remained above 17 after 5 to 7 days on placebo were randomly allocated to either treatment. The rate of recovery in those patients treated by amitriptyline was substantially greater than in those patients treated by rolipram. Twice as many patients dropped out of treatment by rolipram because of lack of efficacy or adverse-effects compared with patients treated by amitriptyline. Rolipram produced fewer adverse-effects attributable to cholinergic blockade, but more nausea. We conclude that amitriptyline is more effective than rolipram in the treatment of depressed hospital in-patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-12-17
    Description: Aims CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores are pivotal in assessing the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients, and were recently proved to predict hospitalizations and mortality in specific clinical settings. Aim of this study was to evaluate whether these scores could predict clinical outcomes [first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and a combined event of HF hospitalization and death for any cause] in patients candidates to cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable defibrillator (CRT-D). Methods and results In a retrospective multicentre Italian study, we enrolled 559 consecutive HF patients candidates to CRT-D, and we grouped them in three pre-specified risk classes: low (CHADS 2 /CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc 1–2), moderate (CHADS 2 /CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc 3–4), and high (CHADS 2 5–6/CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc 5–8). All patients underwent regular follow-up at implanting centres every 6 months; data collection was extended till the 72th month of follow-up. At a median FU of 30 months, 143 patients (25.4%) were hospitalized for HF and 110 (19.5%) died. Event-free survival analysis showed a significant difference according to baseline CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores (Log-Rank for HF P 〈 0.001 for CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc; Log-Rank for combined end-point P = 0.001 for CHADS 2 , P 〈 0.001 for CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc). At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of endpoints were: previous atrial fibrillation (AF) or AF at implant, NYHA class, QRS duration and the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score (for HF hospitalization P = 0.013; for the combined event, P = 0.007), while the CHADS 2 score was not independently associated with either the end-points. Conclusion In CRT-D patients, pre-implant CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score is an independent predictor of major clinical events at 30-month follow-up.
    Print ISSN: 1099-5129
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-2092
    Topics: Medicine
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