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  • 1
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    Effect of temperature stress on the survival of juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Eriocheir sinensis, which is an important aquaculture species, belongs to the class Crustacea. To discuss the temperature tolerance of E. sinensis, the survival rates of juvenile crabs of E. sinensis were determined in this paper using a series of temperature settings (normal temperature, 25°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40 °C). The results indicated that except the normal temperature level, mortality rate almost reached 100% at other temperatures. The time of death of all crabs at 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃ was different. All the crabs died in only 10 minutes at 40℃, while they died after 3 days and 7 days at 35 ℃ and 30℃, respectively. In addition to normal temperature conditions, minimum survival time of the juvenile crabs of E. sinensis at other temperature condition was no more than 24 h. Before the 8th day, the death rate at 30℃ and normal temperature was different, change of turning slope for concentration of NH3-N and TN was contrary. Under normal temperature, the behavior of abdomen extension was not observed in juvenile crabs but the percentage time of abdomen extension was relatively long at 25℃. This research studied the influence of temperature stress on the survival of juvenile crabs of E. sinensis to provide information reference for the production and transportation of juvenile crab of E. sinensis.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Eriocheir sinensis ; Crab ; Temperature ; Survival ; Behavior ; Stress
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.763-774
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field dependence of the magnetic ordering of Cu in R2CuO4 (R=Nd,Sm) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6326-6328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used neutron diffraction techniques to study the field dependence of the magnetic ordering of Cu spins in R2CuO4 (R=Nd,Sm) in order to distinguish between the proposed collinear and noncollinear spin structures. In the proposed collinear spin structure, there are two separate domains with the spins either along the (110) or along the (11¯0) directions, while in the noncollinear model there is a single domain with the alternate-layer spins along the (100) and (010) directions, respectively. If a magnetic field is applied along the (11¯0), strong hysteresis effects are anticipated for the collinear spin structure due to domain repopulation, while such effects are not expected for the noncollinear spin structure. Our field dependent data do not show any hysteresis effects associated with the pure Cu ordering, which strongly suggest that the noncollinear spin structure is correct for the magnetic spin configuration of the Cu spins in both compounds. Hysteresis effects in a field are observed in Sm2CuO4 near and below the Sm ordering temperature, and these are most likely caused by the interaction between Sm and Cu sublattices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352635
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stresses in silicon substrates near isolation trenches (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4816-4822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a methodology for obtaining stresses near isolation trenches in silicon considering the entire trench forming process. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element stress analysis is performed for a trench with a thermal SiO2 sidewall and polysilicon "fill'' which includes the cumulative stresses from the superposition of (i) residual stresses from the thermal oxidation step, (ii) the intrinsic stress from the polysilicon deposition, and (iii) stresses due to the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between SiO2 and silicon during the temperature cycles involved in the process. The thermal oxidation step is simulated using a two-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic program novel [in Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Process Physics and Modeling in Semiconductor Technology, edited by G. R. Srinivasan, J. D. Plummer, and S. T. Pantelides (Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1991), p. 772], that produces the oxide shape and stress at the oxide-silicon interface which is converted into equivalent nodal forces on the finite element grid. We have also made a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the thermal mismatch stresses between a parallelopipedic oxide inclusion in silicon with anisotropic properties and have compared these results with the analytical results [J. Appl. Phys. 66, 2741 (1989); 67, 1092 (1990)] in which the oxide and silicon are assumed to have identical isotropic elastic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349047
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiferromagnetic order of Cu in Sm2CuO4 : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4866-4868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic order of the Cu ions in a single crystal of Sm2CuO4. The measurements revealed the development of long-range magnetic order of the Cu moments at TN = 280 ± 1 K, with a relatively simple antiferromagnetic configuration of spins as found in Nd2CuO4 and Pr2CuO4. However, the spin directions in Sm2CuO4 are rotated by 90° from the spin directions in Nd2CuO4 and Pr2CuO4. The detailed spin structure can be either collinear or noncollinear, and in these tetragonal systems it is not possible to distinguish between them with the present neutron diffraction data on multidomain samples. Our measurements demonstrate that there are no spin reorientations below the Néel temperature, in contrast to the behavior found for Nd2CuO4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of a structural phase transition in Langmuir monolayers studied using x-ray diffraction (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 2393-2397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Frequently, time-dependent effects are seen in monolayers of amphiphilic molecules (Langmuir films) when they are compressed, so that the pressure after some time is different from that recorded immediately after compression. We have identified for the first time a microscopic relaxation mechanism in monolayers of heneicosanol (C21H43OH): namely, a transition from a uniaxially distorted ("pseudohexagonal'') structural, formed upon compression, to an undistorted hexagonal structure. For T〉20 °C we observe only an apparently hexagonal phase, while at T=5 °C we observe only an apparently stable pseudohexagonal phase. When 10≤T≤20 °C, the monolayer structure changes with time from pseudohexagonal to hexagonal. The rate at which this transformation occurs is strongly temperature dependent. We propose that the observed temperature dependence is determined by the rate of nucleation of a hexagonal phase from a metastable shear-induced structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456653
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction study of a Langmuir monolayer of C21H43OH (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 2257-2270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the structure of a monolayer of C21H43OH on water, in the region near close packing, by grazing incidence in-plane x-ray diffraction. For all temperatures studied the isotherms in the πa plane show a kink, signaling a phase transition. Along an isotherm, and for pressures above the kink, we observe that the transverse structure factor has one peak which has constant position, width, and intensity; below the kink the diffraction peak shifts to smaller scattering vector (larger separation) and the amplitude decays as the surface pressure decreases, but the width of the peak remains constant. We rationalize these observations in terms of the influence on the transverse structure factor of gauche configurations in the amphiphile tails, with the kink representing the point at which the last of the gauche configurations is squeezed out of the chain. Along an isobar which is at higher pressure than the kink pressures of all isotherms crossed, the transverse structure factor has a single peak above a transition temperature and two peaks below that temperature; for π=30 dyn/cm the transition temperature is in the range 16.3〈T〈21.3 °C. We interpret this observation, by comparison with the properties of the lamellar crystalline n-paraffins, as a hexagonal-to-pseudohexagonal structural transition analogous to the crystal rotator II-to-rotator I transition. Our results imply that the hydrocarbon tails of the amphiphile molecules dominate the properties of the monolayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455068
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of nanocrystalline diamond powder by scanning transmission electron microscopy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6204-6213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Theoretical studies [R. P. Fehlhaber and L. A. Bursill, Phys. Rev. B 60, 14147 (1999)] of small nanocrystalline diamond spheres, using the classical electrodynamic formalism with a well defined impact parameter and including all multipole modes, are used to analyze and discuss electron energy loss spectra recorded with a high resolution scanning transmission electron microscope. The theory is used to predict spectra for spheres of different radii with and without surface coatings. Due to the relatively large damping factor for diamond the surface, interface and bulk plasmon peaks overlap; but it is shown that the theory is nevertheless capable to allow particle diameter and coating thickness to be determined accurately. The theory is also applied to make some deductions concerning particle morphology by analysis of low-loss spectra from particles of different thickness and shape. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1360702
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size effects on ferroelectricity of ultrafine particles of PbTiO3 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3462-3467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to image the nanostructure of ultrafine ferroelectric lead titanate particles ranging from 20 to 2000 nm in diameter. The crystal structure, surface morphology, domain–wall structure, as well as surface reconstruction under a 400 KeV electron beam are studied. High resolution images and selected area diffraction patterns showed that all the particles had tetragonal structure; the c/a ratio and domain size both decreased with decreasing particle size and the particles became monodomain when their diameter was less than 20 nm. A domain wall width of 14 Å was deduced from strain contrast shown by 90° domain walls. There is no evidence of amorphous surface layers; however surface reconstruction of lead titanate particles under the electron beam irradiation may produce small particles identified as face-centred PbO. The relationship between the physical properties and the observed nanostructures is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372367
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Ouabain-Sensitive α3 Isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase in Human Brain (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The Na+,K+-ATPase α3 isoform has recently been demonstrated immunochemically in human brain. Conclusive biochemical evidence, however, is still lacking. In this study, a unique 50-kDa polypeptide, which is known to be specific to the rat α3 isoform, has been found in human brainstem Na+,K+-ATPase following formic acid treatment of the purified a isoform proteins. Human α3 Na+,K+-ATPase is also highly sensitive to ouabain inhibition, with a 50% ouabain inhibition value of 1.0 X 10−7 M. These results provide clear and direct evidence for the existence of the α3 isoform in human brain. Na+,K+-ATPase-α1, α2, and α3 isoforms—Human and rat brainstem axolemma—Ouabain sensitivity—Formic acid treatment. Peng J. H. F. et al. Highly ouabain-sensitive α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase in human brain. J. Neurochem.58, 1180–1183(1992).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09380.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of ErBa2Cu3O6 single crystal: A dipolar antiferromagnet (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7468-7472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The susceptibility of an ErBa2Cu3O6 single crystal was measured at 2 K〈T〈100 K. The low-temperature (T〈10 K) data yield g(parallel)=5.39 and g⊥=7.45. The shapes of the susceptibility curves are well explained by the dipolar fields, calculated for the Er3+ ions in the layered structure of the sample, and by a small contribution of exchange fields. Extending the calculations to the antiferromagnetic state of ErBa2Cu3O6 shows that this material is well described as a two-dimensional dipolar antiferromagnet. The dipolar field calculations are also applied to DyBa2Cu3O6 and GdBa2Cu3O6 and are shown to be compatible with the magnetic structure of these materials. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357975
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