Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 41 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Pattern Formation in Zebrafish-Fruitful Liaisons between Embryology and Genetics -- I. Establishment of the Dorsoventral Polarity during Zebrafish Cleavage Stages -- II. Establishment of the Dorsal Blastula Organizer (Nieuwkoop Center) -- III. Induction of the Gastrula Organizer by the Blastula Organizing Center -- IV. Structure and Function of the Dorsal Gastrula Organizer in Zebrafish -- V. Coordination of Gastrulation Movements -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pattern Formation during Vertebrate Limb Development -- I. Introduction -- II. The Proximal-Distal Axis -- III. The Anterior-Posterior Axis -- IV. The Dorsal-Ventral Axis -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Wise, Winsome, or Weird? Mechanisms of Sperm Storage in Female Animals -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanisms of Sperm Storage -- III. The Fate of Unstored Sperm and Secretions -- IV. Sperm inside the Storage Organs -- V. Molecules Important for Sperm Storage -- VI. The Adaptive Significance of Sperm Storage -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Developmental Genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans Sex Determination -- I. Introduction -- II. The Role of the X:A Ratio -- III. Genetic Analysis of Sex Determination -- IV. Molecular Analysis of Sex Determination -- V. TRA-1 Targets and the Conservation of Sex-Determining Mechanisms -- VI. How to Count Chromosomes: The X:A Ratio Revisited -- VII. Analysis of Germ-Line Sex Determination -- VIII. The Hermaphrodite Sperm-Oocyte Decision -- IX. Phylogenetic Comparisons and the Evolution of Sex0Determining Genes -- X. Unresolved Questions -- XI. Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5. Petal and Stamen Development -- I. Introduction. , II. Petal and Stamen Ontogeny -- III. Genes Controlling the Specification of Petal and Stamen Identities -- IV. Differentiation of Petals -- V. Differentiation of Stamens -- VI. Coordination of Gene Expression and Tissue Differentiation -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Gonadotropin-Induced Resumption of Oocyte Meiosis and Meiosis-Activating Sterols -- I. Introduction -- II. Gonadotropin-Induced Resumption of Meiosis -- III. Possible Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Resumption of Meiosis -- IV. Hypothesis of a Role for MAS in Gonadotropin-Induced Resumption of Meiosis -- V. Possible Implications for Fertility -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 38 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Paternal Effects in Drosophila: Implications for Mechanisms of Early Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Paternal Effects in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammals -- III. Paternal Effects on Chromosome Behavior in Insects -- IV. Paternal Effects on Gene Expression in Drosophila -- V. Cytologic Aspects of Drosciphila Fertilization and Early Embryogenesis -- VI. Coordination between Maternal and Paternal Contributions in Drosophila -- VII. Paternal Effect Mutations of Drosophila -- VIII. Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2. Drosophila Myogenesis and Insights into the Role of nautilus -- I. Introduction -- II. Drosophila Myogenesis -- III. Nautilus -- IV. The Myogenic Regulatory Family in Other Organisms -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Hydrozoa Metamorphosis and Pattern Formation -- I. Introduction -- II. Control of Metamorphosis -- III. Concluding Remarks on Metamorphosis -- IV. Control of Pattern Formation -- V. Concluding Remarks on Pattern Formation -- References -- Chapter 4. Primate Embryonic Stem Cells -- I. What Are Embryonic Stem Cells? -- II. Species Choice for Experimental Primate Embryology -- III. Isolation and Propagation of Primate ES Cell Lines -- IV. Comparison of Primate ES Cells, Mouse ES Cells, and Human EC Cells -- V. Primate ES Cells as an in Vitro Model of the Differentiation of Human Tissue -- VI. Primate ES Cells and Primate Transgenic Models of Human Disease -- VII. Implications of Human Embryonic Stem Cells -- References -- Chapter 5. Sex Determination in Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Breeding Systems Used in Flowering Plants -- III. Evolution and Developmental Biology of Plant Species with Unisexual Flowers. , IV. Control of the Determination of Sex -- V. Plant Growth Substance-Mediated Sex Determination in Ferns -- VI. Are There Analogies with Sex Determination in Animals? -- VII. Sex-Related Differences and Molecular Markers for Sex -- VIII. Sequence Organization of Plant Sex Chromosomes -- IX. Lessons for Hermaphrodites from Analysis of Unisexual Plants -- X. Future Directions -- XI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Somitogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. General Description of Somitogenesis -- III. Origin and Specification of Paraxial Mesoderm -- IV. Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions during Somitogenesis -- V. Segments and Borders -- VI. Axial Specification -- VII. Differentiation of Somites -- VIII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Meiosis and Gametogenesis -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Recombination in the Mammalian Germ Line -- I. Introduction -- II. Problems Posed by the Mammalian System of Gametogenesis -- III. Crossing Over -- IV. Gene Conversion -- V. Recombination and Disease -- VI. Genetic Control of Recombination -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. Meiotic Recombination Hotspots: Shaping the Genome and Insights into Hypervariable Minisatellite DNA Change -- I. Introduction -- II. General Features of Chromosome Dynamics during Meiosis -- III. Genetic Identification of Recombination Hotspots -- IV. Double-Strand DNA Breaks and Open Chromatin -- V. Roles of Protein-DNA Binding in Hotspot Activation -- VI. Control of Recombination in cis and in trans, Near and Far -- VII. Hotspots as Initiators or Resolvers of Recombination: Two Models -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. Pairing Sites and the Role of Chromosome Pairing in Meiosis and Spermatogenesis in Male Drosophila -- I. Introduction -- II. Meiotic Pairing Sites in Chromosomes of Drosophila Males: Distribution, Molecular Composition, and Function -- III. Chromosome Pairing and Spermiogenesis -- IV. Summary and Implications -- References -- Chapter 4. Functions of DNA Repair Genes during Meiosis -- I. DNA Repair and Organismal Physiology -- II. Pathways of DSB Repair -- III. Genetics of DSB Repair -- IV. Relative Abundance of Homology-Based DSB Repair Events -- V. A Coprinus cinereus Epistasis Group for DNA Repair and Meiosis -- VI. Conclusions and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 5. Gene Expression during Mammalian Meiosis -- I. Introduction -- II. RNA Synthesis during Meiosis -- III. Genes Expressed during Meiosis -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Caught in the Act: Deducing Meiotic Function from Protein Immunolocalization. , I. The Plot -- II. Setting the Stage: Meiosis Plain and Simple -- III. Surveillance Methods -- IV. Reconstructing the Scene -- V. Verifying an Alibi (Temporal and Spatial Resolution) -- VI. Developing a List of Suspects -- VII. Setting Up a Sting Operation -- VIII. Preliminary Conclusions -- IX. Unsolved Cases -- References -- Chapter 7. Chromosome Cores and Chromatin at Meiotic Prophase -- I. Introduction -- II. SC Structure from Electron Microscopy -- III. SC Structure from lmmunocytology -- IV. Chromatin Loop Attachments to the Meiotic Chromosome Cores -- V. Sequences Associated with the Core -- VI. DNA Content of the Chromatin Loops -- VII. Time Course of Chromatin Loop Development at Meiosis -- VIII. Alignment of Chromatin Loops -- IX. Recombination at the SC -- References -- Chapter 8. Chromosome Segregation during Meiosis: Building an Unambivalent Bivalent -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanism of Chromosome Orientation -- III. Chiasmata -- IV. Homolog Attachment and Segregation without Chiasmata -- V. Sister Kinetochore Function -- VI. Maintaining Attachment between Sister Chromatids for Meiosis II -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 9. Regulation and Execution of Meiosis in Drosophila Males -- I. Introduction -- II. Regulation of the Meiotic Cell Divisions -- III. Spindle Formation and Function in the Meiotic Cell Divisions -- IV. Cytokinesis -- V. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10. Sexual Dimorphism in the Regulation of Mammalian Meiosis -- I. Introduction and Overview -- II. Regulation of the Onset of Meiotic Prophase -- III. Genetic Events of Meiotic Prophase: A Regulatory Role in Cametogenesis? -- IV. Regulating G2/M Transition and Meiotic Divisions -- V. Gametic Function of Meiotic Prophase -- VI. Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11. Genetic Control of Mammalian Female Meiosis -- I. Introduction. , II. The Human Female Meiotic Process Is Error Prone -- III. Female Meiosis is Initiated during Fetal Development -- IV. A Quality Control Checkpoint Operates at Pachytene -- V. The Ability to Resume Meiosis Is Acquired during Follicle Growth -- VI. Chromosomes Play an Active Role in the Formation of the Meiotic Spindle -- VII. The Metaphase/Anaphase Transition -- VIII. Arrest at Second Meiotic Metaphase: Do Chromosomes Play a Role? -- IX. The Future: Mammalian Meiotic Mutants Will Provide Important Insight into the Control of Mammalian Female Meiosis -- References -- Chapter 12. Nondisjunction in the Human Male -- I. Introduction: An Overview of the Problem -- II. Approaches to Studying Male Meiotic Nondisjunction: Methodology and Results -- III. The Etiology of Male Nondisjunction -- IV. Summary and Future Directions -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 29 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Homeobox Gene Expression during Development of the Vertebrate Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Homeobox Genes Expressed in the Rhombencephalon -- III. Homeobox Genes Expressed in the Midbrain, Isthmus, and Cerebellum -- IV. Homeobox Genes Expressed in the Forebrain -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Homeobox and pax Genes in Zebrafish Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Sequence Conservation between Zebrafish and Mammalian Homologs -- III. Patterning of the Hindbrain and Spinal Cord -- IV. Patterning of the Rostral Brain -- V. Expression Patterns in Mesodermal Tissues -- VI. Signals Responsible for Establishing the Expression Patterns -- VII. Mutational and Transgenic Analyses -- References -- Chapter 3. Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms: Spatial and Temporal Modes of Rostrocaudal Patterning -- I. Introduction: Evolution and Developmental Change -- II. The Contribution of Molecular Phylogeny -- III. Evolution as a Historical Process -- IV. Evolution and Genetic Change -- V. Distinguishing between Segmentation and Regionalization -- VI. Temporal and Spatial Modes of Segmentation in Annelids and Arthropods -- VII. Three Levels of Molecular-Genetic Homology -- VIII. Cellular Basis of Segmentation in Leech Development -- IX. Possible Points of Homology between Annelids and Arthropods -- X. Blast Cell Identity May Be Determined at Birth: nf/ns Differences -- XI. Blast Cell Identity May Be Determined at Birth: Regional Differences -- XII. Molecular-Genetic Basis of Rostrocaudal Patterning in Drosophila -- XIII. Putative Regionalization Genes in Leech: Expression of Homeotic Gene Homologs -- XIV. Putative Segmentation Genes in Leech: Expression of an engrailed Homolog -- XV. Comparison with Arthropods. , XVI. Expanding the Syntagmata -- XVII. Speculation on Temporal Mechanisms of Patterning -- XVIII. Speculation on Temporal Mechanisms of Segmentation -- XIX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Axonal Guidance from Retina to Tectum in Embryonic Xenopus -- I. Introduction -- II. Xenopus as an Experimental System -- III. Normal Pathfinding -- IV. Nature of Guidance Cues -- V. Molecules Involved in Guidance -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. The in Vivo Roles of Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance -- I. Introduction -- II. Mammalian Sex Determination and Differentiation -- III. Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance -- IV. Gain of Function -- V. Loss of Function -- VI. Mice Mutant for MIS and Other Gene Products -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Growth Factor Regulation of Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Growth Regulation of Primordial Germ Cells -- III. Summary -- IV. Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 7. Mechanisms of Genomic Imprinting in Mammals -- I. Introduction -- II. Identities of Imprinted Genes -- III. Mechanisms of Imprinting -- IV. Experimental Approaches to Identifying Imprinted Genes -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8. Mechanisms of Nondisjunction in Mammalian Meiosis -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods of Detecting Nondisjunction in Mammalian Meiosis -- III. Disturbances Predisposing to Nondisjunction -- IV. Development, and Chromosome- and Sex-Specific Mechanisms of Nondisjunction -- V. Summary: Current Concepts on Etiology of Nondisjunction in Mammals -- References -- Chapter 9. Timing of Events during Flower Organogenesis: Arabidopsis as a Model System -- I. Introduction -- II. Developmental Indices for Measuring Time in Plants -- III. Arabidopsis thaliana: A Model System for the Study of Flower Development -- IV. Models for Flower Development -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 30 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Notice -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Sperm-Egg Recognition Mechanisms in Mammals -- I. Introduction -- II. Characteristics of the Zona Pellucida -- III. ZP3 Functions during Fertilization -- IV. ZP3 Genes from Different Mammalian Species -- V. ZP3 Polypeptides from Different Mammalian Species -- VI. Oligosaccharides at the ZP3 Combining Site for Sperm -- VII. Structure of Oligosaccharides at the ZP3 Combining Site for Sperm -- VIII. Location of the ZP3 Combining Site for Sperm -- IX. Does the ZP3 Polypeptide Consist of Two Domains? -- X. Final Comments -- References -- Chapter 2. Molecular Basis of Mammalian Egg Activation -- I. Introduction -- II. Description of Fertilization of Mammalian Eggs -- III. Intracellular Second Messengers That Regulate Egg Activation -- IV. Maturation-Associated Changes in CG Exocytosis in Response to Second Messengers -- V. Signal Transduction of Pathways Leading to Egg Activation -- VI. Receptors on the Egg That Mediate Sperm-Induced Egg Activation -- VII. Sperm Surface Ligands Involved in Egg Activation -- VIII. Is There a Need for an Egg-Specific Receptor and a Sperm-Specific Ligand in Egg Activation? -- References -- Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Calcium Regulation in Sea Urchin Eggs and Their Activities during Fertilization -- I. Changes in [Ca2+]i during Fertilization -- II. Regulation of lntracellular Ca2+ Release -- III. How do Sperm Activate the Rise in [Ca2+]i? -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Regulation of Oocyte Growth and Maturation in Fish -- I. Introduction -- II. Gonadotropin -- III. Structure of Follicles -- IV. Oocyte Growth -- V. Oocyte Maturation -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Nuclear Transplantation in Mammalian Eggs and Embryos -- I. Introduction. , II. Historical Background -- Ill. Nuclear Transplantation Procedures -- IV. Early Events in Cells Reconstituted by Nuclear Transplantation -- V. Biological Factors Influencing Development of Cells Reconstituted by Nuclear Transplantation -- VI. Serial Nuclear Transplantation -- VII. Epigenetic Modifications of Genomic Totipotency -- VIII. Summary and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6. Transgenic Fish in Aquaculture and Developmental Biology -- I. Introduction -- II. Fish as a Transgenic System -- Ill. Production of Transgenic Fish: Methodology -- IV. Transgenesis in Fish: Integration, Inheritance, and Expression -- V. Application of Transgenic Fish in Aquaculture -- VI. Application of Transgenic Fish in Developmental Biology -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. Axis Formation during Amphibian Oogenesis: Re-evaluating the Role of the Cytoskeleton -- I. Introduction -- II. Stage VI Xenopus Oocytes Are Structurally and Functionally Polarized along the A-V Axis -- Ill. Cytoskeletal Organization and Axis Specification during Early Oogenesis -- IV. Cytoplasmic and Cytoskeletal Polarity Are Established during Stage IV of Oogenesis -- V. Ectopic Spindle Assembly during Maturation of Xenopus Oocytes: Evidence for Functional Polarization of the Oocyte Cortex -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8. Specifying the Dorsoanterior Axis in Frogs: 70 Years since Spemann and Mangold -- I. Introduction -- II. How Does the Organizer Form? -- III. How Does the Organizer Act? -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Somitogenesis: Part 1 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Early Events of Somitogenesis in Higher Vertebrates: Allocation of Precursor Cells during Gastrulation and the Organization of a Meristic Pattern in the Paraxial Mesoderm -- I. Anatomy of the Paraxial Mesoderm -- II. Localization of the Somitic Precursor Cells -- III. Development Plasticity and Commitment to Somitic Fate -- IV. Does a Prepattern of Segmentation Exist in the Presomitic Mesoderm? -- V. Unanswered Questions -- References -- Chapter 2. Retrospective Tracing of the Developmental Lineage of the Mouse Myotome -- I. Introduction -- II. The LaacZ Method -- III. The Basic Logic of Clonal Analysis -- IV. The Myotome in the E11.5 Mouse Embryo -- V. The Questions -- VI. The clones -- VII . The Longitudinal Organization of the Segments -- VIII. A Model for the Longitudinal Organization of the Muscle System -- IX. The Mediolateral Organization of the Segments -- X. A Model for the Mediolateral Organization of the Muscle System -- XI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3. Segmentation of the Paraxial Mesoderm and Vertebrate Somitogenesis -- I. Definition of the Mesodermal Segment -- II. Models for Somite Formation -- III. Molecular Aspects of Vertebrate Somitogenesis -- IV. A Model for Vertebrate Segmentation and Somitogenesis -- References -- Chapter 4. Segmentation: A View from the Border -- I. Introduction -- II. Segments and Parasegments -- III. Three Models for the Control of Somite Formation -- IV. A Molecular Clock -- V. Two Interpretations of the c-huiry-1 Clock -- VI. The Molecular Basis of Boundary Formation -- VII. The Molecular Basis of Boundary Maintenance -- VIII. Determination of Somite Identity -- References -- Chapter 5. Genetic Regulation of Somite Formation -- I. Introduction. , II. The Role of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors in Somitogenesis -- III. The Role of Notch Signaling in Segmentation -- IV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Hox Genes and the Global Patterning of the Somitic Mesoderm -- I. Introduction -- II. Patterns in the Mesoderm -- III. Mechanisms for Global Patterning -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7. The Origin and Morphogenesis of Amphibian Somites -- I. Introduction -- II. Origins: Fate Maps and Movements of the Presomitic Mesoderm Are Variable among Amphibians -- III. A Life before Segmentation: The Geometry, Behavior, and Function of the Prospective Somitic Mesoderm during Gastrulation of Xenopus -- IV. Segmentation and Somite Formation in Xenopus laevis: Cell Elongation and Rotation -- V. Variations on a Theme: Somite and Myotome Formation in Other Anurans: Bombina, Gastrotheca, Bufo, Pelobates, and Rana -- VI. The Dermatome and Sclerotome -- VII. Patterning of the Somitic Mesoderm by Adjacent Tissues -- VIII. How Do Cells Decide Where to Make an Intersomitic Furrow? -- IX . Role of Morphomechanical Molecules in Segmentation, Somite Morphogenesis -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Somitogenesis in Zebrafish -- I. Introduction -- II. The Zebrafish as a Model Organism -- III. Segmentation of the Paraxial Mesoderm -- IV. Somite Patterning and Differentiation -- V. Innervation of the Somitic Muscalature -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Rostrocaudal Differences within the Somites Confer Segmental Pattern to Trunk Neural Crest Migration -- I. Introduction -- II. Rostrocaudal Polarity of the Somites lnfluences Trunk Neural Crest Migration -- III. Patterns of Extracellular and Cell Surface Molecules within the Somites -- IV. Eph-Family Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Ligands -- V. Dynamic Analysis of Trunk Neural Crest Migration. , VI. Inhibitory Interactions between Eph Receptors and Their Ligands Contribute to the Segmental Pattern of Trunk Neural Crest Migration -- VII. Perturbation of Peanut Lectin Binding Molecules Alters the Segmental Pattern of Neural Crest Migration -- VIII. Cell-Matrix Interactions Are Important for Neural Crest Emigration but Not Segmental Migration -- IX. Other Inhibitory Cues in the Trunk -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 35 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Life and Death Decisions Influenced by Retinoids -- I. Introduction -- II. Overview of the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis -- III. Brief Review Regarding the Effects of Retinoids on Tissue Growth and Death -- IV. Transcription Factors -- V. Direct Modulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis -- VI. External Signals Regulating Proliferation and Death -- VII. Retinoic Acid-Independent Responses -- VIII. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2. Developmental Modulation of the Nuclear Envelope -- I. Introduction -- II. The Nuclear Envelope -- III. Developmental Variations of the Nuclear Envelope and Their Possible Functions -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3. The EGFR Gene Family in Embryonic Cell Activities -- I. Introduction -- II. The erbB Family of Genes -- III. The Oocyte and Preimplanation Development -- IV. Roles for erbB Genes in Fetal and Postnatal Development -- V. The Regulation of the EGFR Gene Family -- VI. Interactions of the ErbB Family of Receptors -- VII. The Occurrence and Importance of the erbB Genes in Cancer -- VIII. EGFR in Nonmammalian Development -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. The Development and Evolution of Polyembronic Insects -- I. Introduction -- II. Polyembryony in the Metazoa -- III. Insect Phylogeny and Polyembryony -- IV. Regulation of Segmentation in Insects -- V. Development of the Polyembryonic Wasp Copidosoma floridanum -- VI. Copidosoma floridanum: A Major Departure from the Insect Development Ground Plan -- VII. Polyembryony in Other Hymenoptera -- VIII. The Evolution of Polyembryony -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. ß-Catenin Is a Traget for Extracellular Signals Controlling Cadherin Function: The Neurocan-GalNAcPTase Connection. , I. Introduction -- II. Caderins Are Associated with a Cell Surface Glycosyltransferase -- III. Neurocan Is an Endogenous Ligand for the GalNAcPTase -- IV. The Neurocan-GalNAcPTase Interaction Regulates Both Neural and Nonneural Development -- V. The Neurocan-GalNAcPTase Interaction Controls the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of B-Catenin and the Association of Cadherin with Cytoskeleton -- VI. Transduction of the Neurocan-GalNAcPTase Signal across the Plasma Membrane -- VII. Multiple Kinases and Phosphatases Control Cadherin Function -- VIII. β-Catenin Is at the Center of Several Developmentally Important Pathways -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Neural Induction in Amphibians -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Background -- III. The Search for Neuralizing Factors -- IV. The Responding Tissue -- V. Autoneuralization, or the Hypothesis of the Neural Default States of the Ectoderm -- VI. The Old and New Organizer Concepts -- VII. The Establishment of the Organizer -- VIII. The Organizer, Also a Unique Area in the Molecular Sense -- IX. Transmission of Neuralizing Signals between the Inducing Spemann Organizer (Chordamesoderm) and the Ectodermal Target Cells -- X. Planar Versus Verical Signals -- XI. The "Antiorganizers -- XII. The Establishment of the Animal-Vegetal, Dorsal-Ventral, and Anterior-Posterior Pattern Depends on the Formation of Distinct Gradients -- XIII. Conclusions -- XIV. Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 7. Paradigms to Study Signal Transduction Pathways in Drosophila -- I. Introduction -- II. Drosophila Oogenesis -- III. Drosophila Embryogenesis -- IV. Genetic Approaches to the Study of Oogenesis and Embryogenesis -- V. Paradigms to Dissect Components of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways -- VI. Dorsal-Ventral Patterning of the Drosophila Embryo: A Paradigm to Dissect the NFkB/IkB Signaling Pathway. , VII. Segment Polarity Genes: Paradigms to Dissect the Signaling Pathways Activated by Wnt and Hedgehog Proteins -- VIII. Regulation of the Pair-Rule Gene even skipped in the Early Embryo: A Paradigm to Dissect the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway -- IX. Establishment of the Embryonic Dorsoventral Cell Fates: A Paradigm to Analyze the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway -- X. Neurogenesis in the Drosophilia Embryo: A Paradigm to Study Notch Signaling -- XI. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 44 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a Vital Marker in Mammals -- I. Introduction -- II. Characteristics of GFP and Its Variants -- III. Expression of GFP in Mammals -- IV. Future Applications -- V. Observation Methods -- References -- Chapter 2. Insights into Development and Genetics from Mouse Chimeras -- I. Introduction -- II. Mouse Chimeras as Experimental Organisms -- III. Studies of Mouse Development with Chimeras -- IV. Genetic Studies with Chimeras -- V. Studies of Developmental Genetics with Chimeras -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Molecular Regulation of Pronephric Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Function -- III. Early Development -- IV. Pronephric Patterning and Induction -- V. Pronephric Tubules -- VI. Pronephric Duct -- VII. Glomus -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Symmetry Breaking in the Zygotes of the Fucoid Algae: Controversies and Recent Progress -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiology of Fertilization -- III. The Response to Light -- IV. The Role of Calcium and Calmodulin in Photopolarization and Rhizoidal Growth -- V. Cortical pH Gradients during Axis Formation and Rhizoidal Growth -- VI. Actin Microfilaments and Photopolarization -- VII. Axis Fixation -- VIII. The Signal Transduction Process for Photopolarization -- IX. An Opsin-like Photoreceptor in Pelvetia? -- X. A Speculative Model for Photopolarization -- XI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Reevaluating Concepts of Apical Dominance and the Control of Axillary Bud Outgrowth -- I. Introduction and Overview -- II. Plant Architecture and Meristem Potential -- III. Apical Dominance -- IV. Use of Induced Mutations to Study Axillary Bud Outgrowth. , V. Molecular and Genetic Approaches for Understanding Bud Outgrowth -- VI. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6. Control of Messenger RNA Stability during Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Plants -- III. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Caenorhabditis elegans -- IV. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Drosophila -- V. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Xenopus -- VI. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Avians -- VII. Regulation of mRNA Stability in Mammals -- VIII. Conclusions and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 7. EGF Receptor Signaling in Drosophila Oogenesis -- I. Overview -- II. Introduction -- III. Spatial Regulation of Egfr Activation -- IV. Response of Follicle Cells to Egfr Activation -- V. Determination of Embryonic DV Polarity by Local Egfr Activation -- VI. Summary -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Cellular and Molecular Procedures in Developmental Biology -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. The Avian Embryo as a Model in Developmental Studies: Chimeras and in Vitro Clonal Analysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Quail-Chick Embryonic Chimeras -- III. In Vitro Cloning of Neural Crest Cells -- IV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2. Inhibition of Gene Expression by Antisense Oligonucleotides in Chick Embryos in Vitro and in Vivo -- I. Introduction -- II. Designing the Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides -- III. Controls to Assess the Specificity of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Effects -- IV. Application of Oligodeoxynucleotides to Early Chick Embryos -- V. Optimization of Oligodeoxynucleotide Delivery -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Lineage Analysis Using Retroviral Vectors -- I. Transduction of Genes via Retrovirus Vectors -- II. Production of Virus Stocks for Lineage Analysis -- III. Replication-Competent Helper Virus -- IV. Determination of Sibling Relationships -- V. Procedures -- References -- Chapter 4. Use of Dominant Negative Constructs to Modulate Gene Expression -- I. Introduction -- II. Dominant Negative Mutations -- III. Generation of Dominant Negative Mutants -- IV. Interpretation of Dominant Negative Effects -- V. How to Overproduce a Dominant Negative Mutant -- VI. Examples of Dominant Negative Mutants -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5. The Use of Embryonic Stem Cells for the Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Instrumentation -- III. Protocols -- References -- Chapter 6. Organoculture of Otic Vesicle and Ganglion -- I. Introduction -- II. Organotypic Culture of Otic Vesicles and the Study of Growth Factors and Cell Proliferation in the Otic Vesicle. , III. Culture of Auditory and Vestivular Ganglia: Whole Ganglia and Dissociated Cells -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. Organoculture of the Chick Embryonic Neuroretina -- I. Introduction -- II. Whole Neuroretina Culture -- III. Evaluation of Cellular Processes in the Whole Neuroretina -- IV. Evaluation of Cellular Processes in Dissociated Retinal Cells -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8. Embryonic Explant and Slice Preparations for Studies of Cell Migration and Axon Guidance -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparing and Culturing Chick Embryo Explants -- III. Chick Embryo Slice Preparation -- IV. Preparing and Culturing Mouse Embryo Explants -- V. Evaluation of Explant and Slice Features -- VI. Explant and Slice Experimental Perturbations -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Culture of Avian Sympathetic Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Dissection of Ganglia -- III. Dissociation of Ganglia -- IV. Selection of Neurons or Non-neuronal Cells -- V. Identification of Neuronal and Glial Cell Populations -- VI. Cell Culture -- VII. Expression of Exogenous Genes by Transfection -- VIII. Solutions and Media -- References -- Chapter 10. Analysis of Gene Expression in Cultured Primary Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Culture of Small Numbers of Sympathetic Neurons in Chemically Defined Medium -- III. Preparation of RNA and cDNA -- IV. Polymerase Chain Reaction -- V. Selection of Primers -- VI. Specificity of Primers -- VII. Effects of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor, and Depolarization on Cultured Sympathetic Neurons -- VIII. Closing Comments -- References -- Chapter 11. Selective Aggregation Assays for Embryonic Brain Cells and Cell Lines -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles of How to Disaggregate and Reaggregate Cells -- III. Solutions -- IV. Preparation of Single Cell Suspensions. , V. Aggregation of Cells -- VI. Analyzing the Results -- References -- Chapter 12. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Whole Organs and Embryos -- I. Introduction -- II. Specific Considerations for Whole Organs and Embryos -- III. Selected Applications -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 13. Detection of Multiple Gene Products Simultaneously by in Situ Hybridization and lmmunohistochemistry in Whole Mounts of Avian Embryos -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthesis of Digoxigenin- and Fluorescein-Labeled Riboprobes by in Vitro Transcription -- III. Preparation of Embryos -- IV. Prehybridization, Hybridization, and Post-Hybridization Washes -- V. Antibody Incubations -- VI. Detection -- VII. Timetable for Multiple Color Detection -- VIII. Photography -- IX. Histologic Sectioning of Whole Mounts -- X. Designing Appropriate Controls -- XI. Trouble Shooting -- References -- Chapter 14. Cloning of Genes from Single Neurons -- I. Introduction: The Cloning of Mammalian Pheromone Receptor Genes -- II. Tissue Dissociation and Isolation of Single Neurones -- III. cDNA Synthesis and Amplification -- IV. Differential Screening of Single Cell cDNA Libraries -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 15. Methods for Detecting and Quantifying Apoptosis -- I. Introduction -- II. The Problems of Measuring Apoptosis -- III. Methods for Identifying and Measuring Apoptosis -- IV. Practical Methods for Detecting and Measuring Apoptosis -- References -- Chapter 16. Methods in Drosophila Cell Cycle Biology -- I. Introduction -- II. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes: Protocol 1 -- III. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization to Diploid Cells: Protocol 2 -- IV. Immunostaining Embryos: Protocol 3 -- V. Immunostaining Larval Neuroblasts: Protocol 4 -- VI. Immunostaining of Female Meiotic Spindles: Protocol 5. , VII. Preparing Drosophila Neuroblast Primary Cultures: Protocol 6 -- References -- Chapter 17. Single Central Nervous System Neurons in Culture -- I. Introduction -- II. Microculture Preparation: Steps to Follow -- III. Examples on the Functionality of Microcultured Neurons -- References -- Chapter 18. Patch-Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Presynaptic Terminals -- I. Introduction -- II. Larval Preparation and Dissection -- III. Synaptic Boutons -- IV. Electrophysiological Recordings -- V. Technical Considerations -- VI. Perspectives -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 46 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Maternal Cytoplasmic Factors for Generation of Unique Cleavage Patterns in Animal Embryos -- I. Introduction -- II. General Tendencies of Cleavage Plane Positioning -- III. Micromere Formation in Sea Urchin Embryos -- IV. Spiral Cleavage in Gastropod Embryos -- V. Unequal Cleavage in Ascidian Embryos -- VI. Unequal Cleavage in Annelid Embryos -- VII. par Mutants in Nematode Embryos -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2. Multiple Endo-l,4-β-D-glucanase (Cellulase) Genes in Arabidopsis -- I. Introduction -- II. Cellulase Genes in General -- III. How Does Cellulase Relate to Cellulose and the Plant Cell Wall? More Questions Than Answers -- IV. Cellulase Genes in Plants -- V. Molecular Characterization of EGase Genes in Arabidopsis -- VI. Expression of Three Distinct EGase Genes in Arabidopsis Tissues -- VII. EGase and Cell Growth -- VIII. EGase Mutants in Arabidopsis -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. The Anterior Margin of the Mammalian Gastrula: Comparative and Phylogenetic Aspects of Its Role in Axis Formation and Head Induction -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology -- III. Changes at the Anterior Margin during Development -- IV. The Anterior Margin in Different Vertebrate Classes -- V. Gene Expression Related to the Anterior Margin -- VI. A View on Phylogenetic Implications -- VII. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 4. The Other Side of the Embryo: An Appreciation of the Non-D Quadrants in leech Embryos -- I. Introduction and Overview of Leech Development -- II. Macromere Behavior during Cleavage -- III. Syncytial Yolk Cell Formation -- IV. Regulation of Macromere Fusion -- V. Epiboly -- VI. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 5. Sperm Nuclear Activation during Fertilization -- I. Introduction -- II. The Sperm Nucleus -- III. Egg Stage at Time of Fertilization -- IV. Transformation of the Sperm Nucleus into a Male Pronucleus -- V. Asynchronous Behavior of the Paternal and Maternal Chromatin -- VI. Technological Advances to Combat Human Infertility -- VII. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development -- I. Overview -- II. Developmental Control Genes and Morphogenesis within the CNS -- III. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Family -- IV. FGFs Regulate Patterning of the Neuroepithelium -- V. Effect of FGFs on Cell Fate and Cortical Lineages -- VI. Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.