Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Enhancing the Efficacy of Checkpoint Blockade Through Combination Therapies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Understanding of Mechanisms -- 2.1 CTLA-4 Blockade -- 2.2 PD-1 Pathway Blockade -- 2.3 Additional Coinhibitory Pathways -- 3 Combination Therapies Involving Checkpoint Blockade -- 3.1 Overview of Goals of Rational Combinations with Checkpoint Blockade -- 3.2 Combining Checkpoint Blockade with Other Immunotherapies -- 3.2.1 Targeting Multiple Checkpoint Blockade Agents -- 3.2.2 Targeting T Cell Stimulation -- 3.2.3 T Cell Transfer and Vaccines -- 3.2.4 Targeting Immune Cells Other than T Cells -- 3.3 Combining Checkpoint Blockade with Non-immunotherapies -- 3.3.1 Therapies Targeting Tumor-Specific Mutations -- 3.3.2 Epigenetic Modifiers and Antiangiogenic Agents -- 3.3.3 Radiation Therapy -- 3.3.4 Chemotherapy -- 4 Advancing Combination Checkpoint Therapies -- 4.1 Necessary Next Steps for Advancing Combination Checkpoint Therapies -- 4.2 Understanding Mechanisms of Efficacy of Checkpoint Blockade -- 4.3 Understanding Mechanisms of Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade -- 4.4 Principled Combination of Checkpoint Blockade with Other Immunotherapies -- 4.5 Principled Combination of Checkpoint Blockade with Non-immunotherapies -- 4.6 Using Biomarkers to Predict Response and Stratify Patients -- 4.7 Potential Next-Generation Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies -- 5 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: Novel Immunomodulatory Pathways in the Immunoglobulin Superfamily -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CEACAM1 -- 3 ICOS -- 4 LAG-3 -- 5 TIGIT -- 6 TIM-3 -- 7 VISTA -- 8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Parallel Costimulation of Effector and Regulatory T Cells by OX40, GITR, TNFRSF25, CD27, and CD137: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 OX40 (TNFRSF4, CD134). , 3 GITR (TNFRSF18, CD357) -- 4 DR3 (TNFRSF25) -- 5 CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) -- 6 CD27 (TNFRSF7) -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: NK Cell Responses in Immunotherapy: Novel Targets and Applications -- 1 Introduction and NK Cell Basic Biology -- 2 NK Cell Receptors -- 3 The NK Cell Synapse and Cytotoxicity -- 4 NK Cells and Feature of Adaptive Immunity -- 5 NK Cell Migration into Tumors -- 6 How Tumors Evade NK Cells -- 7 Previous Human NK Cell Immunotherapies -- 8 Cytokines -- 9 Adoptive Transfer -- 10 Genetically Modified NK Cells -- 11 Antibodies/ADCC -- 12 CD16 Ehancement -- 13 Anti-KIR -- 14 CD137 -- 15 TLR Agonists -- 16 Checkpoint Inhibitors -- 17 OX40/OX40L -- 18 Elotuzumab -- 19 NK Bispecific Antibodies -- 20 Promising Preclinical Targets -- 20.1 ADAM17 -- 20.2 Chemerin -- 20.3 GSK3 -- 21 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Reversing T Cell Dysfunction for Tumor Immunotherapy -- 1 T Cells and Tumor Rejection -- 2 T Cell Exhaustion -- 3 Metabolic Dysfunction and T Cell Exhaustion -- 4 Inhibitory Molecules in Antitumor T Cell Regulation -- 4.1 CTLA-4 -- 4.2 PD-1 -- 5 Emerging Inhibitory Checkpoint Receptors: Tim-3 -- 6 Other Emerging Checkpoint Receptors -- 7 Positive Acting (Costimulatory) Checkpoint Receptors as Immunotherapy Targets -- 8 Which Cells Are Being Targeted by ICR Blocking Antibodies? -- 9 Biomarkers for ICR Therapies -- 10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Immunomodulation Within a Single Tumor Site to Induce Systemic Antitumor Immunity: In Situ Vaccination for Cancer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Manipulation of Intratumoral Myeloid Cells -- 2.1 Increasing the Number of APC at the Tumor Site -- 2.1.1 Autologous DC -- 2.1.2 Allogeneic DC -- 2.1.3 GM-CSF -- 2.1.4 Flt3L -- 2.1.5 Oncolytic Viruses that Increase the Number of APC at the Tumor Site -- 2.2 Activation of APC -- 2.2.1 TLR9 -- 2.2.2 TLR7/8 -- 2.2.3 TLR3. , 2.2.4 TLR4 -- 2.2.5 Live Bacteria -- 2.2.6 Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody -- 2.3 Oncolytic Viruses That Enhance the Cross-presentation of tumor Antigens -- 2.4 Oncolytic Viruses That Increase the Maturation of APCs -- 3 Manipulation of Intratumoral Lymphocytes -- 3.1 Activation of T Cells -- 3.1.1 Interleukin-12 -- 3.1.2 Interleukin-2 -- 3.1.3 T-Cell Activating Oncolytic Viruses -- 3.2 Intratumoral Checkpoint Blockade -- 3.3 Oncolytic Viruses to Reduce Immune Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Novel Targets and Their Assessment for Cancer Treatment -- 1 Drug Discovery in I/O: Can the Promise Become Reality? -- 2 Lessons from the Clinic: How I/O Targets Are Different -- 3 Target Validation in Immune Oncology -- 3.1 The Need for Predictive Translational Datasets -- 3.2 What's Old Is New Again -- 3.3 First-Generation Immune Checkpoint Blockade -- 3.4 PD-1 -- 3.5 The Need to Understand I/O Adverse Events -- 4 Current Tools -- 4.1 The Right Dataset Matters -- 4.2 Response Markers -- 5 Integration: Integrated Profiling at the Single-Cell Level -- 5.1 FACS as the Standard -- 5.2 Mass Spectrometry -- 5.3 NGS -- 5.4 Microengraving -- 5.5 Integration and Response Markers -- 5.6 Power of Human -- References -- Chapter 8: The New Frontier of Antibody Drug Conjugates: Targets, Biology, Chemistry, Payloads -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Targets for B Cell Leukemias and Lymphomas -- 3 New Targets for the Treatment of Solid Tumors -- 4 Limitations Associated with the Currently Approved ADCs -- 4.1 Conjugation Chemistry Limitations -- 4.2 Molecular Heterogeneity -- 4.3 Warhead Limitations -- 5 Emerging Next-Generation ADC Technologies -- 5.1 Improved Conjugation Chemistry -- 5.2 Addressing Molecular Heterogeneity -- 5.3 Novel Warheads -- 6 Summary -- References. , Chapter 9: Cellular Therapies: Gene Editing and Next-­Gen CAR T Cells -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Engineered Nucleases -- 3 Gene Editing with Cancer Therapeutic Applications -- 3.1 CRISPR for Identifying and Validating Drug Targets -- 3.2 Cancer Model Cell Lines and Animals -- 3.3 Gene Editing for Direct Cancer Therapy -- 4 T Cell Genome Editing for Cell Therapy -- 4.1 CAR T Cell Generations -- 4.2 Other Gene Editing Targets -- 5 Delivery Methods and Vectors -- 5.1 Nonviral Delivery -- 5.1.1 Plasmid DNA Delivery -- 5.1.2 mRNA Delivery -- 5.1.3 Protein Delivery -- 6 Future Generation T Cells -- 6.1 CAR T Cells with Multiple Editing Steps -- 7 Improving Specificity -- 7.1 Improving Transposon Specificity -- 7.2 Altering Recombinases -- 7.3 Changing Viral Integration -- 7.4 Improving Nuclease Delivery -- 7.5 Improving Nuclease Specificity -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Targeting the Physicochemical, Cellular, and Immunosuppressive Properties of the Tumor Microenvironment by Depletion of Hyaluronan to Treat Cancer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hyaluronan Content in Tumors Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis and More Aggressive Tumor Growth -- 3 Why Does Tumor HA Accumulation Lead to Poor Prognosis and More Aggressive Disease? -- 3.1 Tumor-Cell/Stromal Cell Interactions -- 3.2 Malignancy, Invasiveness, and Migration -- 3.3 HA Accumulation Promotes the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition -- 3.4 HA Accumulation Promotes Significant Increases in Tumor Pressure, Decreased Perfusion, and Hypoxia -- 3.5 Impact of HA Accumulation on Immune System Recognition, Dysregulation, and Immunosuppression -- 4 Therapeutic Targeting of HA to Treat Cancer -- 4.1 Determining HA Levels in Tumors -- 4.2 Evidence of Clinical Efficacy with PEGPH20 -- 5 Summary -- References -- Index.

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Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes Structure and Control, Volume I -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. X-Ray Crystallography and Enzyme Structure -- I. Introduction -- II. Enzyme Crystals -- III. X-Ray Diffraction and Principles of Protein Structure Analysis -- IV. X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Globular Macromolecules -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- Glossary of Symbols -- Chapter 2. Chemical Modification by Active-Site-Directed Reagents -- I. Nature of Affnnity Labeling and Its Relationship to Chemical Modification in General -- II. Modification of Serine Proteases by Active-Site-Directed Reagents -- III. Active Center Labeling of Other Enzymes by Directed Reagents -- IV. Particular Usefulness of Active-Site-Directed Reagents -- V. Conclusions -- Chapter 3. Chemical Modification as a Probe of Structure and Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles of Chemical Modification -- III. Methodology -- IV. Modification as a Probe of Structure -- V. Modification as a Probe of Function -- VI. Other Uses of Chemical Modification -- VII. Discussions of Specific Enzymes -- VIII. Conclusions -- Chapter 4. Multienzyme Complexes -- I. Introduction -- II. α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Complexes -- Ill. Fatty Acid Synthetases -- IV. Multienzyme Complexes in the Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids -- V. Biological Significance of Multienzyme Complexes -- Chapter 5. Genetic Probes of Enzyme Structure -- I. Introduction -- II. Genes and Mutations -- III. Specific Examples of Mutationally Altered Proteins -- IV. Amino Acid Analogs -- V. Advantages and Limitations of Mutants -- Chapter 6. Evolution of Enzymes -- I. General Considerations-Evolutionary and Structure-Function Relationships in Proteins -- II. Some Principles from the Study of Cytochrome c. , III. Expressions of Genetic Phenomena in Protein Structure -- IV. Expression of Evolutionary Factors in Protein Structure -- Chapter 7. The Molecular Basis for Enzyme Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Qualitative Features of Molecular Models -- III. Quantitative Molecular Parameters for Regulatory Proteins -- IV. Diagnostic Tests -- V. Molecular Properties of Allosteric Proteins -- VI. Conclusions -- VII. Glossary -- Chapter 8. Mechanisms of Enzyme Regulation in Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles of Metabolic Regulation -- III. Regulation of Balance between Metabolic Functions -- IV. Feedback Regulation of Multifunctional Pathways -- Chapter 9. Enzvmes as Control Elements in Metu bolic Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Analogy between Metabolic and Electronic Systems -- III. Physiological Function and Design Requirements -- IV. Summary -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Group Transfer -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Adenylyl Transfer Reactions -- I. Introduction -- II. Carboxyl Group Activation -- III. Biosynthesis of Phosphodiester Derivatives of Adenosine -- IV. Synthesis of Adenosine Diphosphate Derivatives -- V. Sulfate Activation -- VI. Synthesis of Imidol Adenylate Derivatives -- VII. Adenylylation of Functional Groups of Proteins -- Chapter 2. Uridine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Metabolic Function -- III. Properties -- Chapter 3. Adenosine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification of ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- III. Kinetic Properties of the ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- IV. Physical Properties of the ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- Chapter 4. The Adenosyltransferases -- I. Introduction -- II. Methionine Adenosylitransferase -- III. B12s Adenosyltransferase -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Acyl Group Transfer (Acyl Carrier Protein) -- I. Introduction -- II. Acyl Carrier Protein -- III. Malonyl CoA-ACP Transacylase -- IV. Acetyl CoA-ACP Transacylase -- V. ß-Ketoacyl ACP Synthetase -- Chapter 6. Chemical Basis of Biological Phosphoryl Transfer -- I. Introduction -- II. Hydrolysis of Acyclic Phosphate Esters -- III. Nucleophilic Reactions at Acyclic Phosphorus -- IV. Pentacovalency and Pseudorotation -- V. Catalysis of Phosphoryl Transfer or Ligand Loss -- VI. Enzymic Catalytic Mechanisms -- Chapter 7. Phosphofructokinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Assay of Phosphofructokinase Activity -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. Structural Properties -- VI. Regulatory Properties of PFK -- VII. Role of Specific Groups in Enzymic Activity -- VIII. The Role of PFK in the Control of Glycolysis. , Chapter 8. Adenylate Kinase -- I. Biological Aspects -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 9. Nucleoside Diphosphokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Functions in the Cell -- Chapter 10. 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Biological Behavior of Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- III. Isolation and Molecular Properties -- IV. Reaction Kinetics -- V. Conclusion -- Chapter 11. Pyruvate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 12. Creatine Kinase (Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Creatine Phosphotransferase) -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure -- III. Purification, Assay, and Enzyme Stability -- IV. Substrate Specificity -- V. The Activating Metal Ion -- VI. Enzyme Kinetics -- VII. Chemical Investigations of the Enzyme Mechanism -- Chapter 13. Arginine Kinase and Other Invertebrate Guanidino Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Determination of Enzymic Activity -- III. Molecular Properties -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. Reaction Mechanism -- VI. Equilibrium -- Chapter 14. Glycerol and Glycerate Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Glycerol Kinases -- III. D-Glycerate Kinases -- Chapter 15. Microbial Aspartokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Escherichia coli Aspartokinases -- III. Other Coliform Bacteria -- IV. Aspartokinases Regulated by Concerted Feedback Inhibition -- V. Rhodopseudomonas spheroides -- VI. Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 16. Protein Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Substrate-Specific Protein Kinases -- III. Cyclic Nucleleotide-Regulated Protein Kinases -- IV. Nonclassified Protein Kinases -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Statistical Mechanics -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Historical Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Statistical Basis of Thermodynamics -- 1.1 The macroscopic and the microscopic states -- 1.2 Contact between statistics and thermodynamics: physical significance of the number Ω(N, V, E) -- 1.3 Further contact between statistics and thermodynamics -- 1.4 The classical ideal gas -- 1.5 The entropy of mixing and the Gibbs paradox -- 1.6 The "correct" enumeration of the microstates -- Problems -- Chapter 2. Elements of Ensemble Theory -- 2.1 Phase space of a classical system -- 2.2 Liouville's theorem and its consequences -- 2.3 The microcanonical ensemble -- 2.4 Examples -- 2.5 Quantum states and the phase space -- Problems -- Chapter 3. The Canonical Ensemble -- 3.1 Equilibrium between a system and a heat reservoir -- 3.2 A system in the canonical ensemble -- 3.3 Physical significance of the various statistical quantities in the canonical ensemble -- 3.4 Alternative expressions for the partition function -- 3.5 The classical systems -- 3.6 Energy fluctuations in the canonical ensemble: correspondence with the microcanonical ensemble -- 3.7 Two theorems - the "equipartition" and the "virial -- 3.8 A system of harmonic oscillators -- 3.9 The statistics of paramagnetism -- 3.10 Thermodynamics of magnetic systems: negative temperatures -- Problems -- Chapter 4. The Grand Canonical Ensemble -- 4.1 Equilibrium between a system and a particle-energy reservoir -- 4.2 A system in the grand canonical ensemble -- 4.3 Physical significance of the various statistical quantities -- 4.4 Examples -- 4.5 Density and energy fluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble: correspondence with other ensembles -- 4.6 Thermodynamic phase diagrams. , 4.7 Phase equilibrium and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- Problems -- Chapter 5. Formulation of Quantum Statistics -- 5.1 Quantum-mechanical ensemble theory: the density matrix -- 5.2 Statistics of the various ensembles -- 5.3 Examples -- 5.4 Systems composed of indistinguishable particles -- 5.5 The density matrix and the partition function of a system of free particles -- Problems -- Chapter 6. The Theory of Simple Gases -- 6.1 An ideal gas in a quantum-mechanical microcanonical ensemble -- 6.2 An ideal gas in other quantum-mechanical ensembles -- 6.3 Statistics of the occupation numbers -- 6.4 Kinetic considerations -- 6.5 Gaseous systems composed of molecules with internal motion -- 6.6 Chemical equilibrium -- Problems -- Chapter 7. Ideal Bose Systems -- 7.1 Thermodynamic behavior of an ideal Bose gas -- 7.2 Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold atomic gases -- 7.3 Thermodynamics of the blackbody radiation -- 7.4 The field of sound waves -- 7.5 Inertial density of the sound field -- 7.6 Elementary excitations in liquid helium II -- Problems -- Chapter 8. Ideal Fermi Systems -- 8.1 Thermodynamic behavior of an ideal Fermi gas -- 8.2 Magnetic behavior of an ideal Fermi gas -- 8.3 The electron gas in metals -- 8.4 Ultracold atomic Fermi gases -- 8.5 Statistical equilibrium of white dwarf stars -- 8.6 Statistical model of the atom -- Problems -- Chapter 9. Thermodynamics of the Early Universe -- 9.1 Observational evidence of the Big Bang -- 9.2 Evolution of the temperature of the universe -- 9.3 Relativistic electrons, positrons, and neutrinos -- 9.4 Neutron fraction -- 9.5 Annihilation of the positrons and electrons -- 9.6 Neutrino temperature -- 9.7 Primordial nucleosynthesis -- 9.8 Recombination -- 9.9 Epilogue -- Problems -- Chapter 10. Statistical Mechanics of Interacting Systems: The Method of Cluster Expansions. , 10.1 Cluster expansion for a classical gas -- 10.2 Virial expansion of the equation of state -- 10.3 Evaluation of the virial coefficients -- 10.4 General remarks on cluster expansions -- 10.5 Exact treatment of the second virial coefficient -- 10.6 Cluster expansion for a quantum-mechanical system -- 10.7 Correlations and scattering -- Problems -- Chapter 11. Statistical Mechanics of Interacting Systems: The Method of Quantized Fields -- 11.1 The formalism of second quantization -- 11.2 Low-temperature behavior of an imperfect Bose gas -- 11.3 Low-lying states of an imperfect Bose gas -- 11.4 Energy spectrum of a Bose liquid -- 11.5 States with quantized circulation -- 11.6 Quantized vortex rings and the breakdown of superfluidity -- 11.7 Low-lying states of an imperfect Fermi gas -- 11.8 Energy spectrum of a Fermi liquid: Landau's phenomenological theory -- 11.9 Condensation in Fermi systems -- Problems -- Chapter 12. Phase Transitions: Criticality, Universality, and Scaling -- 12.1 General remarks on the problem of condensation -- 12.2 Condensation of a van der Waals gas -- 12.3 A dynamical model of phase transitions -- 12.4 The lattice gas and the binary alloy -- 12.5 Ising model in the zeroth approximation -- 12.6 Ising model in the first approximation -- 12.7 The critical exponents -- 12.8 Thermodynamic inequalities -- 12.9 Landau's phenomenological theory -- 12.10 Scaling hypothesis for thermodynamic functions -- 12.11 The role of correlations and fluctuations -- 12.12 The critical exponents v and η -- 12.13 A final look at the mean field theory -- Problems -- Chapter 13. Phase Transitions: Exact (or Almost Exact) Results for Various Models -- 13.1 One-dimensional fluid models -- 13.2 The Ising model in one dimension -- 13.3 The n-vector models in one dimension -- 13.4 The Ising model in two dimensions. , 13.5 The spherical model in arbitrary dimensions -- 13.6 The ideal Bose gas in arbitrary dimensions -- 13.7 Other models -- Problems -- Chapter 14. Phase Transitions: The Renormalization Group Approach -- 14.1 The conceptual basis of scaling -- 14.2 Some simple examples of renormalization -- 14.3 The renormalization group: general formulation -- 14.4 Applications of the renormalization group -- 14.5 Finite-size scaling -- Problems -- Chapter 15. Fluctuations and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics -- 15.1 Equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations -- 15.2 The Einstein-Smoluchowski theory of the Brownian motion -- 15.3 The Langevin theory of the Brownian motion -- 15.4 Approach to equilibrium: the Fokker-Planck equation -- 15.5 Spectral analysis of fluctuations: the Wiener-Khintchine theorem -- 15.6 The fluctuation-dissipation theorem -- 15.7 The Onsager relations -- Problems -- Chapter 16. Computer Simulations -- 16.1 Introduction and statistics -- 16.2 Monte Carlo simulations -- 16.3 Molecular dynamics -- 16.4 Particle simulations -- 16.5 Computer simulation caveats -- Problems -- Appendices -- A. Influence of boundary conditions on the distribution of quantum states -- B. Certain mathematical functions -- C. "Volume" and "surface area" of an n-dimensional sphere of radius R -- D. On Bose-Einstein functions -- E. On Fermi-Dirac functions -- F. A rigorous analysis of the ideal Bose gas and the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation -- G. On Watson functions -- H. Thermodynamic relationships -- I. Pseudorandom numbers -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes, Volume VII -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Tryptophan Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 2. Pyridoxal-Linked Elimination and Replacement Reactions -- I. Introduction -- II. β-Elimination Reactions -- III . β-Replacement Reactions -- IV. γ Elimination -- V. γ Elimination and Replacement -- VI. Absorption Spectra and Mechanisms -- Chapter 3. The Enzymic Elimination of Ammonia -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations -- III. Free Energy of Ammonia Elimination -- IV. Stereochemistry of the Enzymic Eliminations -- V. Aspartate and 3-Methylaspartate Ammonia-lyases -- VI. Histidine and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyases -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 4. Argininosuccinases and Adenylosuccinases -- I. General Features of C-N Cleavage -- II. Argininosuccinases -- III. Bovine Liver Argininosuccinase -- IV. Bovine Kidney Argininosuccinase -- V. Argininosuccinase of Neurospora -- VI. Argininosuccinase of Pea Seeds -- VII. Adenylosuccinases -- VIII. Studies on AICAR-Succinate Cleaving Activity -- IX. Adenylosuccinase of Yeast -- X. Adenylosuccinase of Neurospora -- XI. Stereospecificity of Addition or Elimination -- XII. Mechanism of Action -- Chapter 5. Epoxidases -- I. Introduction -- II. Tartrate Epoxidase -- III. Glutathione S-Epoxidetransferase -- IV. Other Epoxidase Activities -- Chapter 6. Aldolases -- I. Introduction -- II. Schiff Base-Forming Aldolases (Class I) -- III. Metalloaldolases (Class II) -- Chapter 7. Transaldolase -- I. Introduction -- II. History -- III. Distribution and Purification -- IV. Enzymic Properties -- V. Molecular Properties -- VI. Mechanism of Action -- VII. Metabolic Role -- Chapter 8. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic and Related Aldolases -- I. Introduction. , II. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic Aldolase -- III. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic Aldolase -- IV. 2-Keto-3deoxy-L-arabonate and 2-Keto-3-dcoxy-D-fuconate Aldolase -- V. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate Aldolase -- VI. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-manno-octosonate Aldolase -- VII. N-Acetylneuraminate Aldolase -- VIII. 4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate Aldolasc -- IX. γ-Methyl-γ-hydroxy-α-ketoglutaric Aldolase -- Chapter 9. Other Deoxy Sugar Aldolases -- I. Introduction -- II. L-Rhamnulose 1-Phosphate Aldolase -- III. L-Fuculose 1-Phosphate Aldolase -- IV. 2-Deoxyribose 5-Phosphate Aldolase -- Chapter 10. δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Nature of the Active Site -- V. Mechanism of Porphobilinogen Synthesis -- Chapter 11. δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- IV. Analogous Reactions -- Chapter 12. Citrate Cleavage and Related Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Citrate Synthase -- III. ATP Citrate Lyase -- IV. Citrate Lyase -- V. Isoscitrate Lyase -- Chapter 13. Thiolase -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation and Stability -- III. Molecular Properties -- IV. Subunit Structure and Reversible Dissociaticbn -- V. Catalytic Properties -- VI. Biological Function -- VII. Inhibitors -- VIII. Enayme Mechanism -- IX. Amino Acid Sequence at the Activity Site -- Chapter 14. Acyl-CoA Ligases -- I. Introduction -- II. General Topics -- III. Glyoxylate Condensing Enzymes -- IV. Condensation of Acetyl-CoA and Keto Acids -- V. Cleavage Reactions -- Chapter 15. α-Glucan Phosphorylases-Chemical and Physical Basis of Catalysis and Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Catalytic Reaction -- III. Enzyme Structure -- IV. Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis -- V. Mechanism of Regulation -- Chapter 16. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase. , I. Introduction -- II. Metabolic Functions -- III. Molecular and Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 17. Disaccharide Phosphorylases -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties of Sucrose Phosphorylase -- III. Kinetics of Sucrose Phosphorylase Reactions -- IV. Isolation and Properties of a Covalent Glucose-Enzyme -- V. Configuration of the Glucose-Enzyme Bond -- VI. The Mechanism of Sucrose Phosphorylase Catalysis -- VII. Substrate Specificity of the Disaccharide Phosphorylases -- VIII. Reactions of Sucrose Phosphorylase in Which Water and Other Alcohols Function as Acceptors -- Chapter 18. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase in Vivo -- III. The Active Protein -- IV. Catalytic Reactions -- Chapter 19. The Lipases -- I. Introduction -- II. Pancreatic Lipase -- III. Other Lipases of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- IV. Tissue Lipases -- V. Milk Lipases -- VI. Castor Bean Lipase -- VII. Lipases of Microorganisms -- Chapter 20. β-Galactosidase -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence -- III. Assay and Standardization -- IV. Purification -- V. Physicochemical Properties -- VI. Chemical Properties -- VII. Immunological Properties -- VIII. Enzymic Properties -- Chapter 21. Vertebrate Lysozymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparation, Composition, and Sequence -- III. X-Ray Studies of Structure and Activity -- IV. Physical Properties -- V. Denaturation -- VI. Chemical Modifications and Properties of Individual Residues -- VII. Saccharide Binding -- VIII. Substrates, Kinetics and Mechanism -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Boxes -- Introduction -- Part I Effect sizes and the interpretation of results -- 1 Introduction to effect sizes -- The dreaded question -- Practical versus statistical significance -- The concept of effect size -- Two families of effects -- The d family: assessing the differences between groups -- The r family: measuring the strength of a relationship -- Calculating effect sizes -- Reporting effect size indexes - three lessons -- 1. Specify the effect size index -- 2. Quantify the precision of the estimate using confidence intervals -- 3. Report effects in jargon-free language -- Summary -- Notes -- 2 Interpreting effects -- An age-old debate - rugby versus soccer -- The problem of interpretation -- The importance of context -- The contribution to knowledge -- Cohen's controversial criteria -- Summary -- Notes -- Part II The analysis of statistical power -- 3 Power analysis and the detection of effects -- The foolish astronomer -- The improbable null -- The need for error insurance -- Statistical power -- The analysis of statistical power -- Prospective power analyses -- The perils of post hoc power analyses -- Using power analysis to select sample size -- Setting sample sizes -- Minimum detectable effects -- Power and precision -- Accounting for measurement error -- Summary -- Notes -- 4 The painful lessons of power research -- The low power of published research -- Surveying the power of the field -- The curse of multiplicity -- The unintended consequences of adjusting alpha -- Statistical power and errors of gullibility -- How to boost statistical power -- Summary -- Notes -- Part III Meta-analysis -- 5 Drawing conclusions using meta-analysis -- The problem of discordant results -- Reviewing past research - two approaches. , 1. The narrative review - warts and all -- 2. Meta-analysis as a means for generalizing results -- Meta-analysis in six (relatively) easy steps -- Other types of meta-analysis -- Meta-analysis as a guide for further research -- Meta-analysis and replication research -- Meta-analysis as a tool for theory development -- Summary -- Notes -- 6 Minimizing bias in meta-analysis -- Four ways to ruin a perfectly good meta-analysis -- 1. Exclude relevant research -- Reporting bias and the file drawer problem -- Publication bias -- Tower of Babel bias -- Quantifying the threat of the availability bias -- 2. Include bad results -- Mixing good and bad studies -- Mixing good and bad results -- 3. Use inappropriate statistical models -- Fixed or random effects? -- The consequences of using the wrong model -- 4. Run analyses with insufficient statistical power -- Summary -- Notes -- Last word: thirty recommendations for researchers -- Appendix 1 Minimum sample sizes -- Appendix 2 Alternative methods for meta-analysis -- Combining d effects using Hedges et al.'s method -- Combining r effects using Hedges et al.'s method -- Comparing Hedges et al. with Hunter and Schmidt -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.