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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Sulphur geochemistry and sapropel formation : syngenetic and diagenetic signals in eastern Mediterranean sediments = Zwavelgeochemie en sapropeelvorming (1998)
    Utrecht : Univ.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Sapropel ; Sulfur Environmental aspects ; Geochemistry ; Dissertation ; Report ; Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 165 S , graph. Darst
    ISBN: 9057440164
    Series Statement: Geologica Ultraiectina 158
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Zugl.: Utrecht, Univ., Diss., 1998
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphidic Mediterranean surface waters during Pliocene sapropel formation (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 397 (1999), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sapropels—organic-matter rich layers—are common in Neogene sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The formation of these layers has been attributed to climate-related increases in organic-matter production and increased organic-matter preservation due to oxygen depletion in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16441
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphur Enrichment in Organic Matter of Eastern Mediterranean Sapropels: A Study of Sulphur Isotope Partitioning (1999)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 5 (1999), S. 99-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: Eastern Mediterranean ; sapropel ; organic sulphur ; sulphur isotopes ; C-irmMS ; pyrite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sulphur isotope compositions and S/C ratios of organic matter were analysed in detail by combustion-isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry (C-irmMS) in eastern Mediterranean sediments containing three sapropels of different ages and with different organic carbon contents (sapropel S1 in core UM26, formed from 5–9 ka ago with a maximum organic carbon content of 2.3 wt%; sapropel 967 from ODP Site 160-967C, with an age of 1.8 Ma and a maximum organic carbon content of 7.4 wt%; and sapropel 969 from ODP Site 160-969E, with an age of 2.9 Ma and a maximum organic carbon content of 23.5 wt%). Sulphur isotopic compositions (δ34S) of the organic matter ranged from -29.5 to +15.8‰ and the atomic S/C ratio was 0.005 to 0.038. The organic sulphur in the sediments is a mixture of sulphur derived from (1) incorporation of 34S-depleted inorganic reduced sulphur produced by dissimilatory microbial sulphate reduction; and (2) biosynthetic sulphur with an isotopic signature close to seawater sulphate. The calculated biosynthetic fraction of organic sulphur in non-sapropelic sediments ranges from 68–87%. The biosynthetic fraction of the organic sulphur of the sapropels (60–22%) decreases with increasing organic carbon content of the sapropels. We propose that uptake of reduced sulphur into organic matter predominantly took place within sapropels where pyrite formation was iron-limited and thus an excess of dissolved sulphide was present for certain periods of time. Simultaneously, sulphide escaped into the bottom water and into sediments below the sapropels where pyrite formation occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009676107330
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  • 4
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    Modes of sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean: some constraints based on pyrite properties (1999)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Passier, Hilde F; Middelburg, Jack J; de Lange, Gert J; Böttcher, Michael Ernst (1999): Modes of sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean: some constraints based on pyrite properties. Marine Geology, 153(1-4), 199-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00081-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Pyrite formation within and directly below sapropels in the eastern Mediterranean was governed by the relative rates of sulphide production and Fe liberation and supply to the organic-rich layers. At times of relatively high [SO4]2- reduction, sulphide could diffuse downward from the sapropel and formed pyrite in underlying sediments. The sources of Fe for pyrite formation comprised detrital Fe and diagenetically liberated Fe(II) from sapropel-underlying sediments. In organic-rich sapropels, input of Fe from the water column via Fe sulphide formation in the water may have been important as well. Rapid pyrite formation at high saturation levels resulted in the formation of framboidal pyrite within the sapropels, whereas below the sapropels slow euhedral pyrite formation at low saturation levels occurred. d34S values of pyrite are -33 per mil to -50 per mil. Below the sapropels d34S is lower than within the sapropels, as a result of increased sulphide re-oxidation at times of relatively high sulphide production and concentration when sulphide could escape from the sediment. The percentage of initially formed sulphide that was re-oxidized was estimated from organic carbon fluxes and burial efficiencies in the sediment. It ranges from 34% to 80%, varying significantly between sapropels. Increased palaeoproductivity as well as enhanced preservation contributed to magnified accumulation of organic matter in sapropels.
    Keywords: 160-967C; 160-969E; BC; Box corer; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Eastern Basin; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; Joides Resolution; Leg160; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; UM26_BC
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 5
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    (Table 1) Geochemistry of Sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea (1997)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Passier, Hilde F; Bosch, Hendrik-Jan; Nijenhuis, Ivar A; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Böttcher, Michael Ernst; Leenders, Anke; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; de Lange, Gert J; de Leeuw, Jan W (1999): Sulphidic Mediterranean surface waters during Pliocene sapropel formation. Nature, 397(6715), 146-149, https://doi.org/10.1038/16441
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Sapropels -organic-matter rich layers- are common in Neogene sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The formation of these layers has been attributed to climate-related increases in organic-matter production (Calvert et al., 1992, doi:10.1038/359223a0; Rossignol-Strick et al., 1982, doi:10.1038/295105a0; Rohling, 1994, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90202-X) and increased organic-matter preservation due to oxygen depletion in more stagnant bottom waters (Rossignol-Strick et al., 1982, doi:10.1038/295105a0; Rohling, 1994, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90202-X). Here we report that eastern Mediterranean Pliocene sapropels (Emeis et al., 1996, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.160.102.1996) contain molecular fossils of a compound (isorenieratene) known to be synthesized by photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria, suggesting that sulphidic (euxinic) -and therefore anoxic- conditions prevailed in the photic zone of the water column. These sapropels also have a high trace-metal content, which is probably due to the efficient scavenging of these metals by precipitating sulphides in a euxinic water column. The abundance and sulphur-isotope composition of pyrite are consistent with iron sulphide formation in the water column. We conclude that basin-wide water-column euxinia occurred over substantial periods during Pliocene sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and that the ultimate degradation of the increased organic-matter production was strongly influential in generating and sustaining the euxinic conditions.
    Keywords: 160-964D; 160-964E; 160-966C; 160-967C; 160-969E; Accumulation rate, total organic carbon; AGE; Barium; Cadmium; Carbon, organic, total; Code; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eastern Basin; Enrichment factor; Event label; Isorenieratene derivative; Joides Resolution; Leg160; Molybdenum; Nickel; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Selenium; Sulfur of pyrite; Vanadium; δ34S, pyrite
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 145 data points
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  • 6
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    (Table 2) Calculated organic carbon burial efficiencies and sulphide re-oxidation percentages from ODP Holes 160-967C and 160-969E (1999)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 160-967C; 160-969E; BC; Box corer; Burial efficiency; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eastern Basin; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg160; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Percentage; Sample code/label; UM26_BC
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    (Table 3) Export productivities from ODP Hole 160-967C and 160-969E (1999)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 160-967C; 160-969E; BC; Box corer; Calculated; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eastern Basin; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; Event label; Export production; Export production, maximumimum; Heptatriaconta-8E,15E,22E,29E-tetraen-2-one, carbon, flux; Joides Resolution; Leg160; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; UM26_BC
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    (Table 1) Pyrite microtextures and stable isotope values of pyrite from ODP Holes 160-967C and 160-969E (1999)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 160-967C; 160-969E; Cr(II) extraction, Canfield et al. (1986); Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eastern Basin; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg160; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Sample code/label 2; Sample comment; Size; δ34S, pyrite
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 94 data points
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