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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems. (2003)
    Dordrecht :Springer Netherlands,
    Details
    Keywords: Trees--Effect of gases on. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (341 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789401598569
    Series Statement: Tree Physiology Series ; v.3
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4713054
    DDC: 575.8
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- SUBJECT INDEX.
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of the Uptake Hydrogenase in Rhizobia (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 41 (1987), S. 335-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of gas transport through rice cultivars on methane emission from rice paddy fields (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two Italian rice (Oryza sativa var. japonica) cultivars, Lido and Roma, were tested in the field for methane production, oxidation and emission. In two consecutive years, fields planted with the rice cultivar Lido showed methane emissions 24–31% lower than fields planted with the cultivar Roma. This difference was observed irrespective of fertilizer treatment. In contrast to methane emissions, differences in methane production or oxidation were not observed between fields planted with the two cultivars. Plant-mediated transport of methane from the sediment to the atmosphere was the dominating pathway of methane emission. During the entire vegetation period, the contribution of this pathway to total methane emission amounted to c. 90%, whereas the contribution of gas bubble release and of diffusion through the water column to total methane emission was of minor significance. Results obtained from transport studies of tracer gas through the aerenchyma system of rice plants demonstrated that the root–shoot transition zone is the main site of resistance to plant-mediated gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. The cultivar Lido, showing relatively low methane emissions in the field, had a significantly lower gas transport capacity through the aerenchyma system than the cultivar Roma. Thus, the observed differences in methane emissions in the field between the cultivars Lido and Roma can be explained by different gas transport capacities. Apparently, these differences in gas transport capacities are a consequence of differences in morphology of the aerenchyma systems, especially in the root–shoot transition zone. It is, therefore, concluded that identification and use of high-yielding rice cultivars which have a low gas transport capacity represent an economically feasible, environmentally sound and promising approach to mitigating methane emissons from rice paddy fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-142.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase in heterocysts and vegetative cells of cyanobacteria (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in heterocysts and vegetative cells of 3 N2-fixing cyanobacteria was found to utilize both NAD+ and NADP+. The enzyme activity was enhanced by thiols (glutathione, reduced lipoic acid and dithiothreitol). GAPDH of the 3 cyanobacterial species was not activated by thioredoxin. Heterocysts have now been shown to possess all the enzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to oxoglutarate and glutamate. The GAPDH reaction is a major source for the generation of NADH, which is oxidized by a thylakoid-bound NADH:plastoquinone oxidoreductase in heterocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01696.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and seasonal distribution of organic amendments affecting methane emission from Chinese rice fields (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane emission ; Wetland rice ; Fertilization ; Mitigation of greenhouse gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of fertilizers on methane emission rates was investigated using an automated closed chamber system in Chinese rice fields (Human Province). Each of three experiments compared two fields treated with a first uniform fertilizer dose and a second fertilizer dose which was different for each of the two fields. The uniform fertilizer doses for both fields in each experiment comprised mineral (experiment 1), organic (experiment 2) and combined mineral plus organic components (experiment 3). In all three experiments the second fertilizer dose comprised organic amendments for field 1 and no organic amendments for field 2. The rate of increase in methane emission with a given amount of organic manure was found to depend on the total amount of organic manure applied. A single dose of organic manure increased the emission rates by factors of 2.7 to 4.1 as compared to fields without organic manure (experiment 1). In rice fields that had already been treated with organic manure, the application of a second dose of organic manure only slightly enhanced the emission rates in experiment 2 by factors of 1.1 to 1.5 and showed no detectable increase in experiment 3. The net reduction achieved by separation of organic and mineral fertilizers was maximized by concentrating the organic amendments in the season with low emission rates, i.e. early rice, and using exclusively mineral fertilizers on late rice when emission rates were generally higher. This distribution pattern, which was not associated with significant yield losses, resulted in an annual methane emission corresponding to only 56% of the methane emitted from fields treated with blended fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and seasonal distribution of organic amendments affecting methane emission from Chinese rice fields (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Methane emission ; Wetland rice ; Fertilization ; Mitigation of greenhouse gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of fertilizers +on methane emission rates was investigated using an automated closed chamber system in Chinese rice fields (Hunan Province). Each of three experiments compared two fields treated with a first uniform fertilizer dose and a second fertilizer dose which was different for each of the two fields. The uniform fertilizer doses for both fields in each experiment comprised mineral (experiment 1), organic (experiment 2) and combined mineral plus organic components (experiment 3). In all three experiments the second fertilizer dose comprised organic amendments for field 1 and no organic amendments for field 2. The rate of increase in methane emission with a given amount of organic manure was found to depend on the total amount of organic manure applied. A single dose of organic manure increased the emission rates by factors of 2.7 to 4.1 as compared to fields without organic manure (experiment 1). In rice fields that had already been treated with organic manure, the application of a second dose of organic manure only slightly enhanced the emission rates in experiment 2 by factors of 1.1 to 1.5 and showed no detectable increase in experiment 3. The net reduction achieved by separation of organic and mineral fertilizers was maximized by concentrating the organic amendments in the season with low emission rates, i.e. early rice, and using exclusively mineral fertilizers on late rice when emission rates were generally higher. This distribution pattern, which was not associated with significant yield losses, resulted in an annual methane emission corresponding to only 56% of the methane emitted from fields treated with blended fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050097
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluxes of NO and N2O from temperate forest soils: impact of forest type, N deposition and of liming on the NO and N2O emissions (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 48 (1997), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: acid rain ; beech ; denitrification ; liming ; N cycle ; Ndeposition ; nitric oxide ; nitrification ; nitrous oxide ; NO- ; NO2- ; N2O-emission ; NO/N2O emission ratio ; pine ; spruce ; temperate forest soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Annual cycles of NO, NO2 and N2O emission rates from soil were determined with high temporal resolution at a spruce (control and limed plot) and beech forest site (“Höglwald”) in Southern Germany (Bavaria) by use of fully automated measuring systems. The fully automated measuring system used for the determination of NO and NO2 flux rates is described in detail. In addition, NO, NO2 and N2O emission rates from soils of different pine forest ecosystems of Northeastern Germany (Brandenburg) were determined during 2 measuring campaigns in 1995. Mean monthly NO and N2O emission rates (July 1994–June 1995) of the untreated spruce plot at the Höglwald site were in the range of 20–130 µg NO-N m-2 h-1 and 3.5–16.4 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1, respectively. Generally, NO emission exceeded N2O emission. Liming of a spruce plot resulted in a reduction of NO emission rates (monthly means: 15–140 µg NO-N m-2 h-1) by 25-30% as compared to the control spruce plot. On the other hand, liming of a spruce plot significantly enhanced over the entire observation period N2O emission rates (monthly means: 6.2–22.1 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1). Contrary to the spruce stand, mean monthly N2O emission rates from soil of the beech plot (range: 7.9–102 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1) were generally significantly higher than NO emission rates (range: 6.1–47.0 µg NO-N m-2 h-1). Results obtained from measuring campaigns in three different pine forest ecosystems revealed mean N2O emission rates between 6.0 and 53.0 µg N2O-N m-2 h-1 and mean NO emission rates between 2.6 and 31.1 µg NO-N m-2 h-1. The NO and N2O flux rates reported here for the different measuring sites are high compared to other reported fluxes from temperate forests. Ratios of NO/N2O emission rates were 〉〉 1 for the spruce control and limed plot of the Höglwald site and 〈〈 1 for the beech plot. The pine forest ecosystems showed ratios of NO/N2O emission rates of 0.9 ± 0.4. These results indicate a strong differentiating impact of tree species on the ratio of NO to N2O emitted from soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009785521107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluxes and pools of methane in wetland rice soils with varying organic inputs (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 42 (1996), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of methane emission rates and concentrations in the soil were made during four growing seasons at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines, on plots receiving different levels of organic input. Fluxes were measured using the automated closed chambers system (total emission) and small chambers installed between plants (water surface flux). Concentrations of methane in the soil were measured by collecting soil cores including the gas phase (soil-entrapped methane) and by sampling soil solution in situ (dissolved methane). There was much variability between seasons, but total fluxes from plots receiving high organic inputs (16–24 g CH4 m−2) always exceeded those from the low input plots (3–9 g CH4 m−2). The fraction of the total emission emerging from the surface water (presumably dominated by ebullition) was greater during the first part of the season, and greater from the high organic input plots (35–62%) than from the low input plots (15–23%). Concentrations of dissolved and entrapped methane in the low organic input plots increased gradually throughout the season; in the high input plots there was an early-season peak which was also seen in emissions. On both treatments, periods of high methane concentrations in the soil coincided with high rates of water surface flux whereas low concentrations of methane were generally associated with low flux rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394048
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barometric Process Separation: New Method for Quantifying Nitrification, Denitrification, and Nitrous Oxide Sources in Soils (1999)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 63 (1999), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 2 and CO2 concentrations in the system. Besides these biological processes, the contribution of physiochemical dissolution of produced CO2 in soil water to the pressure changes observed is to be considered. The method allows collection of additional information about the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emission from soil, provided simultaneous measurements of N2O emission are performed. Furthermore, BaPS can be used to quantify the percentage of N2O lost from nitrification. The advantage of BaPS is that disturbance of the soil system is minimized compared with other methods such as the use of gaseous inhibitors (e.g., acetylene) or application of 15N compounds to the soil. We present the theoretical considerations of BaPS, results for nitrification rates, denitrification rates, and identification of soil N2O sources in a well-aerated coniferous forest soil using BaPS. The suitability of BaPS as a method for determination of gross nitrification is demonstrated by validation experiments using the 15N-pool dilution technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Most Probable Number method (MPN) for the estimation of cell numbers of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria in soil (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 199 (1998), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: autotrophic nitrification ; heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria ; nitrification in acid forest soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A Most Probable Number (MPN) method was developed allowing for the first time estimation of populations of bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification. The method was applied to an acidic soil of a coniferous forest exhibiting nitrate production. In this soil nitrate production was unlikely to be catalyzed by autotrophic nitrifiers, since autotrophic ammonia oxidizers never could be detected, and autotrophic nitrite oxidizers were usually not found in appreciable cell numbers. The developed MPN method is based on the demonstration of the presence/absence of nitrite/nitrate produced by heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria during growth in a complex medium (peptone-meat-extract softagar medium) containing low concentrations of agar (0.1%). Both the supply of the growing cultures in MPN test tubes with sufficient oxygen and the presence of low agar concentrations in the medium were found to be favourable for sustainable nitrite/nitrate production. The results demonstrate that in the acidic forest soil the microbial population capable of heterotrophic nitrifcation represents a significant part of the total aerobic heterotrophic population. By applying the developed MPN method, several bacterial strains of different genera not previously described to perform heterotrophic nitrification have been isolated from the soil and have been identified by bacterio-diagnostic tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004243810473
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