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  • 1
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pathology ; Urology ; Medicine & Public Health ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Urology ; Urologic Diseases pathology ; Urologic Diseases diagnosis
    Description / Table of Contents: The book provides practicing urologists and diagnostic surgical pathologists (and physicians in training) with immediately useful information in their patients' care. This intends to bridge the gap between pathologists and urologists by providing mutually important updated information. In the format of Question/Answer (Q/A), Professor Oyasu answers a number of questions from practicing and academic urologists, while reviewing the leading pathology and urology journals worldwide and extracted the updated information. This book covers many issues of which the clinician needs to be aware in regard to the pathology of tumors of the adrenal, kidney, urothelium, prostate and testes. This book is designed to be easy to review and to find the key answer. Each question is followed by a succinct answer and comments supported by references with generous use of full color photographs/illustrations. This series of Q/As is useful to a diagnostic surgical pathologist as well, in providing what urologists want to hear from him in his report.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    ISBN: 9784431728191
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Does a prostatic capsule exist? Pathologists and urologists use the word "capsule" when evaluating the extent of prostatic cancer in prostatectomy specimens; What is the anatomic structure of the prostate? Where is the transition zone? Where does carcinoma develop? Where does benign prostatic hyperplasia occur?; What is the clinical significance of perineural invasion reported on prostate needle core biopsy?; What is the difference between a positive surgical margin and extraprostatic extension in pathology reports of radical prostatectomy? What is the clinical relevance of these findings? , What is the clinical significance of prostate cancer incidentally discovered in tissue removed to relieve urinary tract obstruction mostly by transurethral resection (stage T1a and T1b cancers)?What are the characteristics of transition zone cancer? Is it less aggressive than the non-transition-zone cancer?; Is there a significant difference in prognosis between Gleason score 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 prostate cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens? What is the prognostic implication of Gleason score 3 + 4 vers , A positive surgical margin associated with an extraprostatic extension of prostate carcinoma is a significant risk for disease progression. What, then, is the risk of a positive margin created by an iWhat are the neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer? From where are these cells derived? What is the clinical implication of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer?; What is prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma? How is it clinically and pathologically different from the conventional (acinar) adenocarcinoma?; What immunohistochemical markers are useful for the diagnosis of prostate cancer? , When a basal cell-specific marker (34ßE12 or p63) is negative in an atypical focus, can the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma be rendered? By the same token, if 34ßE12- or p63-positive cells are present, caHow often is cancer detected when serum PSA is elevated? What factors affect the prostate cancer detection rate?; What is the clinical significance of isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia discovered on a prostate needle core biopsy? How often does it occur? Does its presence predict cancer on a , What is the clinical significance of a Gleason pattern 4 or 5 tumor found on a prostate needle core biopsy? What impact does a Gleason pattern 4 or 5 tumor have on the prognosis after radical prostateWhat clinically useful information should be included in the pathology report on a prostate needle core biopsy? Are there specific microscopic findings useful when assessing cancer staging?; What is the meaning of "atypical glands suspicious but not diagnostic of adenocarcinoma" in a pathology diagnosis? Is "atypical small acinar proliferation" a pathologic entity? , What are the essential features of renal neoplasms based on the current (2004) WHO classification system? What is the clinical implication of the new classification? How does the Fuhrman grading syste
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Heterotopic bladder ; Bladder permeability ; Permeability coefficient ; Sodium permeability ; Water permeability ; AAF permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A heterotopic bladder model has been described previously for the study of urinary bladder carcinogenesis and the cocarcinogenic role of urine. In the studies presented here, the permeability coefficients of heterotopic and homotopic bladders to water, sodium, and a carcinogen, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), were measured. There were no significant differences in the sodium and AAF permeabilities, but the water permeability coefficient was significantly increased (24%) in the heterotopic bladder. However, when translated into percent absorption per hour there was no difference between the two groups because the larger volume of the heterotopic bladder cancels out the effect of the increased permeability coefficient. The heterotopic bladder epithelium maintains its functional status as measured by these permeability studies, and therefore the heterotopic bladder is a satisfactory model for the study of bladder carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Ureterosigmoidostomy ; Urinary diversion ; Bladder carcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modified Coffey I ureterosigmoidostomy has been developed in rats as a model of urinary diversion for studying bladder carcinogenesis and co-carcinogenesis. Diverted and sham-operated animals were killed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Excretory urograms revealed minimal hydroureteronephrosis in most diverted animals. Upper tract bacterial colonisation was 9 times more frequent in diverted animals. Approximately one-third of the diverted animals had focal cortical scarring; however, renal function was normal in all groups as assessed by serum creatinine and electrolytes. These studies indicate that ureterosigmoidostomy in rats is a satisfactory model of urinary diversion for studying carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Pseudomonas exotoxin ; TGFα ; Rat bladder carcinoma ; Human bladder carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A protein formed by fusion of transforming growth factor α withPseudomonas exotoxin (TGFα-PE40) has been shown to have the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of several carcinoma cell lines. This study was designed to evaluate thein vitro cytotoxic effects of TGFα-PE40 on rat and human bladder carcinoma cell lines with different biological potential, and normal rat urothelial cells. The rat cell lines used were D44c, LMC19, and MYU3L, which were established in our laboratory. Human cell lines used were RT4, T24, and 253J. As a normal control, we used the first-passage culture of normal rat bladder urothelium (RU-P1). We examined the number and affinity of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in these cells, the ability of TGFα-PE40 to bind EGFR, and the cytotoxic effect of TGFα-PE40 and PE40. Rat cell lines, D44c, LMC19, and MYU3L (EGFR=4.9×103–11.4×103/cell) had ED50 values (the concentration of TGFα-PE40 needed to reduce the viable cell population by 50%) of 180 pM, 540 pM and 6000 pM respectively; forc 1 (the concentration required to achieve complete inhibition of growth under continuous serum stimulation) TGFα-PE40 concentrations of 104 pM, 104 pM and higher than 104 pM respectively were required. Human cell lines, RT4, T24, and 253J (EGFR=32×103–126×103/cell) had ED50 values of 20 pM, 66 pM, and 330 pM respectively and T24 showedc 1 values of 103 pM. RU-P1 (EGFR =92.6×103/cell) had the highest ED50 value of 8000 pM. These data indicate that the susceptibility to TGFα-PE40 does not always depend on the number of EGFR, that cells having a relatively small number of EGFR respond well to TGFα-PE40, and that normal urothelial cells are more resistant to TGFα-PE40 than are cancer cells. The differential effect of TGFα-PE40 on normal and neoplastic cells provides a rational basis for its use in vivo to control tumor growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three major salivary glands of normal male and female Fischer 344 rats of different ages were examined for the localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) by immunohistochemical staining. EGF was demonstrated only in the granulated convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the submandibular gland, the results confirming the previous reports, and most abundantly in adult males and pregnant females. TGFα stain was localized in all three glands and was found throughout the entire duct system, excluding acinar cells. The myoepithelial cells of the sublingual gland were also reactive with the TGFα antibody. The specificity of the staining was confirmed by negative staining reaction with the absorbed antibody and by radio-immunoassay and Western blot methods. This is the first report describing the presence of TGFα in the rat salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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