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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting ; aged ; mortality ; morbidity ; late survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken in order to clarify the clinical characteristic features and surgical results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients over 65 years of age (group III, n=43). These patients were compared with 2 other groups of patients, one aged between 50 and 59 years (group I, n=88) and another aged between 60 and 64 years (group II, n=54), with respect to mortality, morbidity and late survival. CABG was performed with the saphenous vein under cold K-Mg-cardioplegia with systemic hypothermia. The hospital mortality was 2.3, 3.7, and 4.7 per cent in groups I, II and III, respectively, although no operative mortality was noted in any group. The number of coronary artery lesions increased with age, however, the left ventricular ejection fraction was relatively better preserved in the aged patient than in the younger ones. The 5-year survival rates were 93.4, 95.1 and 96.9 per cent in groups I, II and III, respectively, with most of the late deaths occurring within a year after CABG in each group. In the aged patients, postoperative functional recovery was delayed in the liver and kidney, and postoperative psychosis was not infrequent. The results of this study, indicating a low operative mortality and satisfactory late survival rate, thus strongly support CABG for the aged. Nevertheless, the prevention of postoperative complications is also extremely important for reducing hospital mortality.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: cardioplegia ; myocardial protection ; lidocaine ; hypothermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of 2 hours of hypothermic Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia upon left ventricular function, myocardial high-energy stores, edema, and ultrastructure was studied as compared to glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) cardioplegia in 12 mongrel dogs. The myocardial temperature recorded in the ventricular septum was kept at 20°C during the cardioplegia. The heart was re-warmed up to 37°C by the support of cardiopulmonary bypass, then, observations were made during a 60 minutes reperfusion. Left ventricular function was preserved at a more physiological level in cases of Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia. Myocardial ATP was preserved at significantly higher levels following Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia than in cases of GIK cardioplegia (p〈0.05). However, content of myocardial creatine phosphate was higher in the GIK cardioplegia group than that in Mg-lidocaine group in the subendocardium and the ventricular septum. Myocardial edema was significantly suppressed following Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia, and such was significantly lower than in cases of GIK cardioplegia (p〈0.05). The myocardial ultrastructure was protected from ischemic insult in the Mg-lidocaine cardioplegia group. These data suggest that Mg-lidocaine-1-aspartate solution is superior to GIK solution as a cardioplegic solution, and that such will feasibly provide myocardial, protection for 2 hours of hypothermic cardiac arrest, in an experimental reperfused model.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgery today 13 (1983), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: GIK cardioplegia ; insulin ; growth hormone ; glucagon ; lipid metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution is widely used as a cardioplegic infusate for myocardial protection during aortic crossclamping, to obtain rapid diastolic arrest and preservation of energy stores. Nine male patients with aorto-coronary bypass grafting procedure were studied with regard to the metabolic influence of GIK cardioplegia. Hyperglycemia was induced by the infusion of GIK solution for one week after surgery. The serum level of non-esterified fatty acid was high for one week while the triglyceride level was maintained at a high level only in the early post-operative period. Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone which influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were also elevated for one week after infusion of GIK solution. We conclude that the derangement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism which is provoked by the use of GIK cardioplegia normalizes within two weeks after operation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: IABP ; Coenzyme Q10 ; aprotinin ; A-C bypass surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of combined treatment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and aprotinin with intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was evaluated in patients who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Forty-one patients were divided into two groups. Group A (27) were treated by IABP only and Group B (14) were treated by the concomitant use of CoQ10 and aprotinin with IABP. Both groups were subdivided into two groups with regard to the ability to be weaned from IABP (Group A-I, Group B-I) or the inability (Group A-II, Group B-II). CoQ10 was administrated intravenously at doses of 5–10 mg/kg/day and aprotinin was infused at doses 5,000–10,000 KU/kg/day. The percentile incidence of ability to be weaned from IABP was 93 per cent (13/14) in Group B was higher than that of 74 per cent (20/27) in Group A. There were no significant differences among Group A-I, Group A-II, and Group B-I with regard to preoperative and intraoperative factors. Serum GOT and CPK levels on the first postoperative day were significantly higher in Group A-II and Group B-I than those in Group A-I but there was no significant difference between GOT or CPK levels in Group A-II and Group B-I. These results suggest that concomitant treatment of CoQ10 and aprotinin with IABP leads to an improvement in postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: epinephrine ; dobutamine ; global ischemia ; hypothermia ; reperfusion ; myocardial preservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Attempts were made to define the effects of epinephrine and dobutamine on the myocardium during early reperfusion for 60 minutes following hypothermic global ischemia at a myocardial temperature of 28°C for 60 minutes under cardiopulmonary bypass. Ischemia was induced by crossclamping the dog aorta. Epinephrine (0.1 μg/kg/min) and dobutamine (5 μg/kg/min) were given throughout the reperfusion period by intravenous drip infusion, a control group was treated with saline infusion. Comparison of hemodynamic parameters was made before cardiopulmonary bypass, and at 30 and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Epinephrine and dobutamine significantly increased stroke volume index, left ventricular stroke work index and tissue calcium content compared with saline, however, myocardial water content was only slightly higher in the group given saline, compared with the other two groups. Myocardial mitochondrial membranes and cristae were slightly damaged and creatine phosphate content was reduced. Ultrastructural integrity was related to myocardial tissue calcium content, with a significant negative correlation. These results suggest that epinephrine (0.1 μg/kg/min) will improve stroke volume index and left ventricular stroke work index, as does dobutamine (5 μg/kg/min), however, both agents had a minimal effect on reducing myocardial morphological and biochemical integrity, although catecholamines have detrimental effects on the myocardium in early reperfusion following ischemia.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgery today 12 (1982), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: myocardial protection ; glutathion ; lysosome ; membrane stabilizer ; cold cardioplegia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutathion (GSH) plays an important role in maintenance of the redox state of the myocardium and acts as the membrane stabilizer. Seventeen patients who underwent cardiac surgery were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and ischemic cardioplegia. The effect of GSH on ischemic myocardium was evaluated by serum lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase), isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (MB-CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (m-GOT). Standard CPB was instituted and systemic hypothermia was employed. GSH was administered to 8 patients in a dose of 200 mg/kg i.v. prior to institution of CPB. Mixed venous blood was sampled before administration of GSH, 10 min after institution of CPB and 0, 1, 6, 24 and 48 hr of reperfusion period following cardioplegia. Activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were significantly suppressed in the GSH-treated group compared to the non-treated group at 24 hours of reperfusion and immediately after aortic unclamping, respectively. Serum MB-CPK levels remained stable during reperfusion, but in the non-treated group, the level increased significantly at 6 hours of reperfusion. Increment of serum m-GOT levels was significantly suppressed at 1, 6 and 24 hours of reperfusion, compared to the non-treated group. These data suggest that pretreatment of GSH can protect the myocardium subjected to CPB from ischemic insult.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abtract Two cases of carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts are presented. The tumors were successfully removed by resection of the bifurcation in one case, and by left hepatic lobectomy in the other. Some other 38 cases of the same condition collected from the world literature are briefly reviewed and discussed with particular reference to their surgical interventions.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De mars 1977, à octobre 1983, les auteurs ont opéré 6 sténoses bénignes des voies biliaires chez 4 femmes et 2 hommes, leur âge étant compris entre 55 et 69 ans. Les techniques opératoires suivies eurent pour but de préserver l'intégrité de la papille de Vater. Elles ont consisté en anastomose terminolatérale biliaire, reconstruction du canal biliaire en employant un segment de la vésicule ou le moignon cystique ou encore en utilisant un “patch” jéjunal. Le suivi de ces interventions s'étend de 8 mois à 7 ans et 4 mois. La tactique a été de préserver les fonctions de la papille de Vater dans la mesure du possible pour respecter la physiologie biliaire. Les auteurs conseillent d'avoir recours au patch jéjunal quand un moignon cystique n'est pas disponible; cette méthode en fait ne peut être appliquée qu'en présence d'une sténose biliaire dont la longueur est inférieure à 3 cm. Dans 2 cas, où elle été employée elle a donné d'excellents résultats.
    Abstract: Resumen En presencia de estrecheces benignas de los canales biliares los cirujanos generalmente realizan coledoco-yeyunostomía o coledocoduodenostomía como forma de manejo operatorio. Sinembargo, en ocasiones se producen complicaciones indeseables como resultado de estas operaciones, tales como colangitis recurrente, estrecheces de la anastomosis o formación de cálculos intrahepáticos. Con el objeto de evitar este tipo de problemas, una operación que logre la conservación de la papila Vater y de su función viene a significar algo ventajoso. Entre marzo de 1977 y octubre de 1983 tuvimos 6 pacientes con estrecheces biliares benignas. Cuatro eran mujeres y dos hombres, con edades entre 55 y 69 años. Estos pacientes fueron tratados mediante operaciones conservadoras de la papila. Tales operaciones fueron la anastomosis término-lateral de los canales biliares, la reparación biliar utilizando una parte de la vesícula biliar o un remanente del canal cístico y la repación biliar utilizando un parche de pared yeyunal. El periodo de observación postoperatoria osciló entre 8 meses y 7 años cuatro meses. Nuestra política es la de conservar la función de la papila de Vater cuando ésto sea posible, puesto que ello significa un flujo de bilis fissiológico. Nosotros recomendamos especialmente el uso de un parche yeyunal para la repación biliar, en casos en los cuales no exista un remanente utilizable de canal cístico. Este método es aplicable cuando la estrechéz biliar es de menos de 3 cm. Hemos operado dos pacientes con este método y los resultados han sido enteramente satisfactorios.
    Notes: Abstract From March 1977 to October 1983, we examined 6 patients with benign bile duct stricture. Four were female and 2 were male, ranging in age from 55 to 69 years. These patients were treated by operative methods in which the papilla of Vater was preserved. These operative methods were end-to-side anastomosis of the bile ducts, repair of the bile duct utilizing a part of the gallbladder or a remnant of the cystic duct, and repair of the bile duct using a patch of jejunal wall. The postoperative observation period is 8 months to 7 years and 4 months. It is our policy to preserve the function of the papilla of Vater when possible because with this method the flow of bile is uninterrupted. We especially recommend a jejunal patch for repair of the bile duct, when no remnant of the cystic duct is available. This method is applied when the bile duct stricture is less than 3 cm long. We have operated on 2 patients with this method and the results have been completely satisfactory.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Depuis octobre 1976, les auteurs ont traité 81 malades porteurs d'un cancer biliaire. Cinquante d'entre eux présentaient un cancer qui prenait son origine et/ou infiltrait les canaux biliaires principaux dont 5 cancers de la partie haute ou de la partie moyenne de l'arbre biliaire, 19 de la partie moyenne et de la partie intra-pancréatique, 7 diffus. Cinquante des 81 lésions furent réséqués. Des 50 opérés: 33 furent traités par exérèse isolée à titre curatif ou palliatif, 14 par exérèse et irradiation per-opératoire, 3 par irradiation externe post-opératoire. Trente et un des 81 malades ne subirent pas d'exérèse: 6 furent traités par irradiation intra-opératoire, 4 par irradiation externe après mise en place d'un drainage biliaire, 21 par simple drainage. La survie à 5 ans fut de 59.3% après exérèse curative. La survie à plus de 2 ans fut de 17.1% après exérèse palliative complétée par irradiation et de 9% après simple exérèse. Un seul malade survécut 34 mois après irradiation opératoire et drainage biliaire. Au début de cette expérience thérapeutique combinant l'exérèse et l'irradiation opératoire, 9 malades dévelopèrent des complications sévères dues en particulier à l'obstruction des artères hépatiques. Ultérieurement en employant une seule dose de 20 grays, un champ d'irradiation plus petit (3.7±1.4 cm) et une source plus forte d'energie (7.3±3.0 MeV). Ces complications furent évitées et 2 malades sur 5 bénéficièrent d'un longue survie. Récemment à l'irradiation peropératoire a été ajoutée une irradiation externe fractionnée (30–40 grays/4–5 semaines). Ces résultats démontrent que l'exérèse palliative de la tumeur associée à l'irradiation interne peropératoire et à l'irradiation externe postopératoire est susceptible d'améliorer le pronostic du cancer biliaire parvenu à un stade évolutif avancé.
    Abstract: Resumen A partir de octubre de 1976, hemos tratado 81 pacientes con cáncer de la vía biliar. Cincuenta de estos pacientes presentaban cáncer que se originaba y/o infiltraba los canales hepáticos principales. Cinco tenían cáncer de la región superior a media, 19 de la región media a la intrahepática, y los restantes 7 presentaban tumores de extensión difusa. Cincuenta de los 81 pacientes fueron sometidos a resección. De los 50, 33 fueron tratados mediante resecciones curativas o no curativas solamente, 14 mediante resección más radioterapia intraoperatoria (RTIO), y los 3 restantes recibieron radioterapia externa postoperatoria. Treinta y uno de 81 pacientes no fueron sometidos a resección. De estos, seis tuvieron RTIO y 4 radioterapia externa después de drenaje biliar. Los 21 restantes tuvieron drenaje biliar solamente. La resección curativa logró la mejor tasa de supervivencia acumulada a 5 años, 59.3%. La RTIO más resección no curativa exhibió una tasa de supervivencia a 2 años de 17.1%, superior a la de 9.0% de los pacientes sometidos a resección solamente. Con la RTIO combinada con drenaje biliar, sólo un paciente sobrevivió más de 2 años y murió a los 34 meses. En la etapa inicial de desarrollo de la terapia combinada de resección y RTIO, se presentaron complicaciones severas en 9 pacientes así tratados, incluyendo alteraciones severas de las arterias hepáticas. En la etapa siguiente, la resección combinada con RTIO de dosis única (20 Gy) utilizando un campo de menor extensión (3.7±1.4 cm) y menor energía (7.3±3.0 MeV) no resultó en complicaciones y produjo 2 supervivencias a largo plazo entre 5 pacientes. Recientemente se ha añadido la irradiación externa fraccionada (30–40 Gy/4–5 semanas) a la RTIO. Los resultados indican que la resección no curativa más RTIO en combinación con irradiación externa podrían mejorar el pronóstico del paciente con cáncer avanzado de la vía biliar.
    Notes: Abstract Since October, 1976, we have treated a total of 81 patients with bile duct cancer. Fifty of these patients had cancer that originated at and/or infiltrated into the main hepatic ducts. Five patients had cancer on the upper to middle portion, 19 on the middle to intrapancreatic bile duct, and the remaining 7 had diffusely involved tumors. Fifty of the 81 patients underwent resections. Of the 50 patients, 33 received curative or noncurative resection alone, 14 were treated by resection plus intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), and the remaining 3 received postoperative external irradiation. Thirty-one of the 81 patients did not undergo tumor resection. Of these, 6 had IORT and 4 underwent external radiotherapy after bile drainage. The remaining 21 underwent bile drainage alone. Curative resection achieved the best cumulative 5-year survival rate of 59.3%. IORT plus noncurative resection showed a superior 2-year survival rate of 17,1% compared to 9.0% after noncurative resection alone. Only 1 patient treated by IORT plus bile drainage survived more than 2 years and subsequently died at 34 months. In the earlier stage of the development of the combination therapy with resection and IORT, severe complications were experienced in 9 patients (so treated), including remarkable obstructive changes of the hepatic arteries. In the later stage, resection plus IORT with a reduced single dose (20 Gy), using a smaller field size (3.7±1.4 cm) and beam energy (7.3±3.0 MeV), did not result in complication and produced 2 long-term survivors among 5 patients. Fractionated external irradiation (30–40 Gy/4–5 weeks) has been added to the IORT recently. These results indicate that noncurative resection plus IORT in combination with external radiation would improve the prognosis of the patient with advanced bile duct cancer.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: lidocaine hydrochloride ; aorto-coronary-bypass surgery ; ischemic myocardium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myocardial protective effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the ischemic myocardium was evaluated by serum (MB-CK) and cardiac function in 48 patients; 24 patients in control (C) and 24 patients in lidocainetreated group (L), who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 1 mg/min was administered by continuous drip infusion from initiation of anesthesia, and throughout the operation and postoperative period for 24 hours. There were no significant differences between two groups with regard to duration of cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic level and the number of grafts implanted. Serum MB-CK at 18–24 hours following cardioplegia was 39.5±15.2 I.U. (C) and 14.2±4.0 I.U. (L), (p〈0.05). Cardiac index and stroke volume index were significantly increased in the lidocaine-treated group at 24 hours following aortocoronary bypass surgery, as compared to the control group. Lidocaine thus appears to be beneficial in aorto-coronary bypass surgery to prevent ischemic changes in the myocardium.
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