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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of multilayer reflectors and position sensitive detectors in the 45–300 A(ring) region : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1513-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multilayer reflectors and position sensitive detectors have been developed in constructing imaging optical systems in the 45–300 A(ring) region. Molybdenum-silicon (2d=140 A(ring), N=20) and nickel–carbon (2d=100 A(ring), N=20) multilayers were deposited on a spherical mirror (25 cm in diameter) for the normal incidence and on a segment of paraboloidal mirror (20 cm×10 cm) for 30° grazing incidence. Their optical characteristics were evaluated by using characteristic x rays and monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the 45–300 A(ring) region. A position sensitive detector is made of a tandem microchannel plate (MCP) with a CsI photocathode and resistive plate, which is placed at the focal plane of each mirror. The detection efficiency and position resolution were measured by using characteristic x rays of CKα and monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the 45–200 A(ring) region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray optical properties of molybdenum-carbon, molybdenum-silicon, and nickel-carbon multilayers : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2006-2009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have fabricated multilayer reflectors of molybdenum-carbon, molybdenum-silicon, and nickel-carbon for x rays of 1–200 A(ring) with an electron beam evaporation method in ultrahigh vacuum. The multilayers were deposited on flat and figured substrates of float glass and superpolished glass with a surface roughness of 2–3 A(ring) (rms). The thickness of a layer pair and the number of layer pairs were 30–100 A(ring) and 10–20, respectively. The x-ray characteristics of these multilayer reflectors were evaluated in the 1.5–200 A(ring) region with characteristic x rays (Cu-Kα, Si-Kα, Al-Kα, and C-Kα) and monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Peak reflectivities of molybdenum-carbon were found to be 70% at Cu-Kα and 40% at Al-Kα in grazing incidence and those of molybdenum-silicon to be more than 30% in the 150–170 A(ring) band in near-normal incidence. On the basis of these experimental results, the x-ray optical properties of multilayers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140861
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic examination of carrier polarity in composition spread ZnO thin films codoped with Ga and N (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 235-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown high-crystallinity ZnO thin films on lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 substrates by pulsed-laser deposition with doping donor (Ga) and acceptor (N) simultaneously. Alternating ablation of ceramics with concentrated Ga addition and highly pure single crystal targets yielded in a controlled Ga concentration (CGa) in a wide range of 1018–1020 cm−3 with minimal contamination of undesired impurities such as Al and Si. The use of the originally developed temperature-gradient method, where controlled and continuous gradient of the growth temperature is given to the single substrate with a range of about 50–200 °C, results in a continuous spread of N concentration (CN) in a controlled fashion. Therefore, the ratio of CN/CGa can be varied continuously in a wide range for each film, assuring that a region satisfying p-type codoping condition predicted by T. Yamamoto and H. K. Yoshida [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 38, L166 (1999)] is included in the sample. The electrical properties were measured for over thousand specimens of lithographically patterned Hall bars without observing any sign of p-type conduction. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid construction of a phase diagram of doped Mott insulators with a composition-spread approach (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3426-3428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a method of rapid construction of a structural–magnetic–electronic phase diagram of doped Mott insulators. The composition-spread method is utilized for fabricating a film whose doping concentration varies from 0 to 1 continuously. The concurrent x-ray diffractometer that measures x-ray diffraction spectra of all the composition simultaneously, the scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope, and the infrared optical spectroscopy are employed for characterizing the film. A demonstration is given for a colossal magnetoresistive material, La1−xSrxMnO3. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326847
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent evaluation of strain in heteroepitaxial thin films with continuous lattice mismatch spread (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2066-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a way to map out concurrently the in-plane lattice constant of a heteroepitaxial thin film with a spatial resolution of 0.1 mm by using concurrent x-ray diffractometer equipped with a convergent x-ray source and two-dimensional detector. Spatial distribution of heteroepitaxial strain is analyzed for a (BaxSr1−x)TiO3 composition-spread thin film grown on a SrTiO3 substrate. As x increases, elastic deformation caused by compressive stress due to the lattice mismatch forces the lattice of the film to be coherent with that of the substrate until a critical point of x=0.6, above which the film lattice relaxes. By just taking three snap shots of x-ray diffraction image at a symmetric and two asymmetric diffraction configurations, such useful information inherent in heteroepitaxy can be revealed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462871
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent x-ray diffractometer for high throughput structural diagnosis of epitaxial thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3594-3596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a concurrent x-ray diffractometer that concurrently measures spatially resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of epitaxial thin films integrated on a substrate. A convergent x-ray is focused into stripe on a substrate and the diffracted beam is detected with a two-dimensional x-ray detector. The obtained snapshot image represents a mapping of XRD intensity with the axes of the diffraction angle and the position in the sample. In addition to the parallel XRD measurements of thin films with various compositions and structures, two-dimensional spatial mapping of XRD peak with a resolution of ∼100 μm is demonstrated. This technique will provide us a high throughput characterization method of various devices composed of epitaxial films.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of platinum–carbon, tungsten–silicon, and tungsten–B4C multilayers : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1217-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multilayers of Pt/C, W/Si, and W/B4C have been developed as a reflector and dispersive element to be applied to the beamline optical system of the synchrotron radiation (SR) in 1- to 20-A region. Pt/C(2d=105 A, N=10) overcoated with Pt(d=100 A) is useful in a glazing incidence optics, which makes it possible to extend the wavelength region to the shorter side at the fixed incidence angle. W/Si(2d=53 A, N=200) and W/B4C(2d=31 A, N=300) are utilized as a dispersive element of double-crystal monochromator (DXM). The second order of Bragg reflection of W/Si is matched to the first order of KAP(2d=26.6 A) crystal. The characterization of these multilayers was carried out by using characteristic x rays and monochromatized SR in 1.5–8 keV. DXM was made of a combination of W/Si and KAP and a pair of W/B4C. Multilayers are used as the first crystal to protect the damage of the crystal caused by the strong irradiation of SR. A pair of W/B4C is aimed at getting high throughput. The energy resolution of these combinations was evaluated with Na–K absorption edge of NaCl around 1.07 keV, which was a bit poor compared to a pair of beryl crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143087
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of vacA and cagA genes of Helicobacter pylori in Japanese children (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Helicobacter pylori infection is generally acquired in childhood and persists as an asymptomatic infection for decades in most infected individuals. Only a minority develops a clinical outcome even in childhood, such as peptic ulcer. It has been reported that H. pylori infection with the type I strain, which expresses the VacA and CagA antigen, is associated with peptic ulcer.Aim : We examined the diversity of vacA and cagA genes in isolates obtained from Japanese paediatric patients with peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis to investigate the relationship between genetic diversity and clinical outcome.Methods : The diversity of vacA and cagA genes was investigated by PCR and sequence analysis in 30 isolates obtained from Japanese paediatric patients with peptic ulcer (eight strains) or chronic gastritis (22 strains).Results : All isolates from Japanese children were cagA-positive strains. Twenty-six strains (86.7%) had East Asian type CagA, and 4 (13.3%) had Western type CagA. The predominant vacA genotype was s1c/m1b (22/30, 73.3%). There was no significant association between the diversity of cagA and vacA genes and clinical outcome. All four children infected with Western CagA strain had a history of overseas travel or residence.Conclusion : The predominant genotype of H. pylori in Japanese children is East Asian CagA and vacA s1c/m1b genotype, regardless of clinical outcome. Japanese H. pylori strains are homogeneously of the East Asian type; however, Western strains can be introduced into Japan concomitant with host movement from foreign countries in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01980.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on the signal transduction of gastric epithelial cells (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori is directly injected from the bacteria into cells via the bacterial type IV secretion system and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in the gastric epithelial cells. Translocated CagA forms a physical complex with the SRC homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which plays an important role in mitogenic signal transduction in the host cells.Aim : We examined the effect of eradication therapy on the signal transduction pathway of gastric epithelial cells induced by the CagA protein of H. pylori.Methods : Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from 20 H. pylori-positive atrophic gastritis patients before, and 3 months after, H. pylori infection eradication therapy, and subjected to immunoblot analysis to detect tyrosine phosphorylated CagA protein and CagA co-immunoprecipitated endogenous SHP-2.Results : Tyrosine phosphorylated CagA protein and CagA co-immunoprecipitated endogenous SHP-2 were detected in the gastric mucosa from H. pylori-positive atrophic gastritis patients. All H. pylori strains from these patients were cagA-positive type I strains. After curing H. pylori infection, the tyrosine phosphorylated CagA protein and CagA co-immunoprecipitated endogenous SHP-2 disappeared from the gastric mucosa.Conclusion : The cure of infection reduces the stimulated signal transduction of gastric epithelial cells by the translocated CagA protein of H. pylori, and may confer a beneficial effect on the reduction of cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.2.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection induces an increase in body mass index (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between H. pylori infection and body mass indices is controversial.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and body indices, and to examine the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on body indices.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Nine-hundred and thirty-two employees of an industrial corporation were examined for H. pylori infection and body mass indices. Three hundred and two H. pylori-positive cases diagnosed with chronic gastritis by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or radiography underwent eradication therapy. Body mass indices, serum total cholesterol levels and symptom scores were obtained before and at 12 months after eradication therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:There was no significant difference in body weight, body mass index (BMI) or serum total cholesterol level between the H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups. However, body weight and BMI increased significantly 12 months after eradication of H. pylori infection. In contrast, there was no significant difference in body weight and BMI 12 months after eradication therapy in the non-eradication group. Serum total cholesterol levels did not change after eradication therapy in either the eradication or non-eradication groups.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Eradication of H. pylori infection induced an increase in BMI in industrial workers with chronic gastritis in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s2.31.x
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