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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In neutral-beam-injection (NBI) heated plasmas of the Compact Helical System (CHS) heliotron/torsatron [K. Matsuoka et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 441], inward turbulent particle flux is observed at a particular radial location near the plasma edge. The observed reversal of the particle flux is connected to the change in the cross-phase between electron density and poloidal electric field fluctuations. This phenomenon is observed in the parameter regime of low collisionality at the electron temperature Te〉15 eV, electron density ne〈3×1018 m−3, which approximately corresponds to the effective collision frequency normalized by the transit frequency of a circulating particle ν*(approximately-less-than)1. The large inward particle flux ((approximately-greater-than)1×1020 m−2 s−1) correlates with the positive shear of the radial electric field Er′ ((approximately-greater-than)1×106 V m−2), but does not have clear correlation with the radial electric field Er and the curvature Er″. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 419-422 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to study plasma behaviors and transport in edge plasma region, a triple probe array is installed on the compact helical system (CHS) heliotron/torsatron. The probe array is designed to measure the radial profiles of electron temperature, electron density, plasma potential and these fluctuations, simultaneously. The standard triple probe technique does not supply reliable results unless all electrodes are on the same magnetic surface. Then we also use the modified triple probe technique based on five electrodes, which provides precise fluctuations of electron temperature. In edge plasma region of neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas on CHS, plasma profiles and their fluctuations are measured by the newly installed triple probe array. In the region of ρ(similar, equals)0.95∼1.1, Boltzman relationship ñe/〈ne〉(similar, equals)V˜s/〈Te〉 is roughly satisfied and temperature fluctuation T˜e/〈Te〉 is by a factor of 3 smaller than density fluctuation ñe/〈ne〉. In sawtoothing plasmas, we also measure these plasma parameters, their gradients, and plasma fluctuations. Electron temperature and the gradient transiently increase associated with each sawtooth crash, but electron density and the gradient show the opposite behavior. Radial electrical field and the gradient are also modulated by sawtooth crashes. Correlation between the increased radial electrical field gradient and fluctuations, however, is unclear in these plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of Langmuir probe array is installed on the compact helical system heliotron/torsatron for the study of edge plasma turbulence. The probe array consists of four sets of the standard triple probes which are composed by four electrodes. Each triple probe set is slightly displaced both in the toroidal and poloidal directions to minimize the shadow effects among these probe sets. In order to investigate the structural effects of Langmuir probe arrays, the results obtained by this new probe array are compared with the results previously obtained by the old probe array where the triple probe sets were displaced only in the poloidal direction from each other. Stationary plasma parameters near the plasma edge such as electron temperature, density, and plasma potential were consistently obtained by two probe arrays. However, the new probe array displaced toroidally is more reliable to measure the particle flux induced by fluctuations where accurate measurement of the poloidal electric field fluctuations is required, compared with the old probe array. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-04-11
    Description: The centromeric histone H3 variant Cse4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is polyubiquitylated and degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner. We report here that the proline isomerase Fpr3 regulates Cse4 proteolysis. Structural change in Cse4 by Fpr3 might be important for the interaction between Cse4 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Psh1 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-6731
    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-29
    Description: Stringent regulation of cellular levels of evolutionarily conserved centromeric histone H3 variant (CENP-A in humans, CID in flies, Cse4 in yeast) prevents its mislocalization to non-centromeric chromatin. Overexpression and mislocalization of CENP-A has been observed in cancers and leads to aneuploidy in yeast, flies, and human cells. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4 by E3 ligases such as Psh1 and Sumo-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligase (STUbL) Slx5 prevent mislocalization of Cse4. Previously, we identified Siz1 and Siz2 as the major E3 ligases for sumoylation of Cse4. In this study, we have identified lysine 65 (K65) in Cse4 as a site that regulates sumoylation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4 by Slx5. Strains expressing cse4 K65R exhibit reduced levels of sumoylated and ubiquitinated Cse4 in vivo . Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal reduced interaction of cse4 K65R with Slx5, leading to increased stability and mislocalization of cse4 K65R under normal physiological conditions. Based on the increased stability of cse4 K65R in psh1 strains but not in slx5 strains, we conclude that Slx5 targets sumoylated Cse4 K65 for ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis independent of Psh1. In summary, we have identified and characterized the physiological role of Cse4 K65 in sumoylation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and localization of Cse4 for genome stability.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
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