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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining as an alternative to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunostaining for brain tumours in paraffin embedded sections (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 117 (1992), S. 178-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain tumours ; proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; bromodeoxyuridine ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and BrdU using anti-PCNA and anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies, respectively, was performed in 16 human brain tumours, including 3 glioblastomas multiforme, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 1 cerebellar astrocytoma, 2 recurrent meningiomas, 4 non-recurrent meningiomas, 3 neurinomas and 1 medulloblastoma. Patients with brain tumours received an injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) intravenously during surgery, and tumour specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and embedded in paraffin. The percentage of positive cells for PCNA was compared with a BrdU labelling index using adjacent paraffin-embedded sections. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells was correlated with the BrdU labelling index and the histological malignancy of the brain tumours. The correlation coefficient was 0.84. This suggests that the immunohistochemical staining for PCNA in paraffin sections is a good alternative to the BrdU labelling index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of Vertebral Artery Compression in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm Using Oblique Sagittal MR Imaging (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; vertebral artery; hemifacial spasm; microvascular decompression.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  To discriminate between the various compressing vessels of the facial nerves in patients with hemifacial spasm, pre-operative oblique sagittal gradient-echo MR imaging was performed. Forty-two patients underwent pre-operative MR imaging and microvascular decompression. The MR images were divided according to findings into three groups as follows: Group A, a thick and/or long high-intensity line along the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve; Group B, a thin and/or short high-intensity line along the REZ; and Group C, an unreliable image around the REZ. Fifteen images were classified as Group A, 19 as Group B, and 8 as Group C. In Group A, vertebral artery (VA) compression was confirmed intra-operatively in 12 cases and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) compression in 3. In Group B, PICA or AICA compression was confirmed intra-operatively in all cases. In Group C, PICA or AICA compression was confirmed intra-operatively in 7 cases and no compression in one. In all cases of VA compression of the facial nerve, the oblique sagittal gradient-echo images demonstrated a thick and/or long high intensity line along the REZ. Oblique sagittal gradient-echo MR imaging is a useful pre-operative planning aid, which can predict the possibility of VA compression prior to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050141
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Outcome of Patients with Ruptured Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1241-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Anterior cerebral artery aneurysms; subarachnoid haemorrhage; outcome; surgery.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The clinical factors affecting the outcome of patients with ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.  The medical records were reviewed of 52 patients (57 aneurysms) with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms operated on by the same neurosurgeon over 25 years. The standard policy was early surgery for patients in Hunt and Kosnik grades I to IV. Age, sex, Hunt and Kosnik grade, timing of operation, size of aneurysms, number of aneurysms, association of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intraventricular haemorrhage, and azygos ACA, use of temporary clipping , occurrence of premature rupture, and presence of psychiatric change were investigated. Univariant analysis disclosed that clinical grade (P=0.0006), size of aneurysm (P=0.005), and size of ICH (P=0.012) affected the outcome of patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that Hunt and Kosnik grade (P=0.010) and timing of operation (P=0.033) affected the outcome. There was no significant relationship between long-term outcome and clinical factors, although a close relationship was found with Hunt and Kosnik grade (P=0.071).  Clinical grade and timing of the operation affected the outcome of patients with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms. Patients harboring ICH of over 3 cm diameter in poor grades should also be carefully treated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070020
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term observations in cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 90 (1988), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula ; dural arteriovenous malformation ; spontaneous regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas were followed up for periods ranging between 4 months and 9 years 8 months. A complete regression of symptoms without reappearance for more than 6 months was noted in 19 cases, a marked improvement in 2 cases, and a moderate regression in 3 cases. In 2 cases, symptoms have continued for 9 years 8 months and for 1 year. The regression of symptoms was usually delayed in patients less than 60 years old, in cases in which the symptoms developed slowly, and in cases with multiple draining veins. According to our observations a regression of symptoms may occur after very slight changes of haemodynamics. Compression of the cervical carotid artery for a short time or a temporary occlusion of the carotid artery by a balloon catheter should be considered as the treatment of choice in the first instance in cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas showing relatively low pressure and low flow shunt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560564
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment and restoration of the endothelial blood-brain barrier in the rat cerebral infarction model assessed by expression of endothelial barrier antigen immunoreactivity (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Endothelial barrier antigen ; Blood-brain barrier ; Cerebral infarction ; Rats ; Angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) can be used to detect the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system of rats. This study investigated the temporal profile of antigen expression in cerebral vessels after infarction and assessed the relationship between re-establishment of this antigen in newly formed vessels and astrocytes around these vessels. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia for 2 h by the intraluminal thread method, then killed after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Perfusion-fixed paraffin-embedded brains were immunostained for detection of EBA and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. EBA immunostaining in vessels in the infarcted lesion was reduced at day 1 and had almost disappeared by day 3. Newly formed vessels were found from day 3, but were not stained at day 7. However, these new vessels were weakly stained at day 14 and definitely stained at day 28. GFAP immunostaining was completely negative around these proliferating vessels. The temporal profile of disappearance and re-expression of EBA in cerebral infarcted lesion may be associated with aggravation and improvement of brain edema, although barrier permeability was not explored in this study. The expression of this antigen has no relationship to the formation of astrocyte/endothelial contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007432
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle Cerebral Artery Aplasia Associated with an Aneurysm of the Proximal Anterior Cerebral Artery (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 1313-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050256
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary internal ophthalmoplegia due to head injury (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 97 (1989), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Oculomotor nerve palsy ; internal ophthalmoplegia ; head trauma ; intracranial aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of internal ophthalmoplegia due to direct head injury are presented. All six patients had a dilated, nonreactive pupil. Four had no extraocular palsies or ptosis and two had partial extraocular palsies or ptosis. Disturbance of consciousness was absent or very mild, and all patients fully recovered within 1 to 7 days after the traumatic event. No patient had a history that suggested a cause for oculomotor nerve palsy, and emergency CTscans showed no mass lesions. The internal ophthalmoplegia was recognized immediately after trauma. Although minimal oculomotor nerve palsies due to unruptured intracranial aneurysms have been described, none of our patients complained of periorbital or retroorbital pain either before or after the trauma, which rules out intracranial aneurysms as the cause of the internal ophthalmoplegia. Therefore, we concluded that the internal ophthalmoplegia was due to direct head injury. The pathophysiological mechanism of the internal ophthalmoplegia appeared to be slight injury of the pupillomotor fibres on the ventromedial surface of the third nerve at the posterior petroclinoid ligament, which acted as the fulcrum due to the downward displacement of the brainstem at the time of impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01772821
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative Oblique Sagittal MR Imaging of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 737-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; postoperative state; hemifacial spasm; microvascular decompression.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Pre-operative and postoperative oblique sagittal gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to evaluate microvascular decompression of the facial nerves in 26 patients with hemifacial spasm. The pre-operative MR images were divided into two groups as follows: 22 images in Group I, clear imaging of a high-intensity line and/or spot at the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve; and 4 in Group II, and unreliable image around the REZ. Surgery found that the causative vessel was the vertebral artery (VA) in 9 cases and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 13 cases in Group I, and the AICA or the PICA in the 4 cases in Group II. Postoperative MR imaging showed clear decompression as the high-intensity line and/or spot completely separated from the REZ by a low- and/or iso- intensity area in 9 cases of VA compression repositioned to the petrous dura mater, in 11 cases of PICA or AICA compression treated by shredded Teflon pledgets in Group I and in 3 cases in Group II. Postoperative MR imaging showed an incomplete separation of any high-intensity line and/or spot in the REZ in 2 cases of PICA or AICA compression in Group I and in one in Group II. The outcome was excellent in 22 of 23 cases with clear decompression, and in 1 of 3 cases of unclear decompression. Hemifacial spasm persisted in 3 cases. Oblique sagittal gradient-echo MR imaging is a useful method for postoperative follow-up which can demonstrate changes around the REZ of the facial nerve if hemifacial spasm recurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050369
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetrical bilateral low-density lesions in the areas of supply by Heubner's arteries after aneurysm surgery (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 84 (1987), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm ; post-operative complication ; recurrent artery of Heubner ; computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three patients with symmetrical bilateral low-density areas which were the perfusion territories of Heubner's arteries are reported. The infarctions were demonstrated on computed tomography after aneurysm surgery. Two of them had an anterior communicating artery aneurysm and the other one had multiple aneurysms of both sides. They were operated upon in the acute stage after subarachnoid haemorrhage. As common factors, a thick and diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage, an acute-stage operation, temporary clips to bilateral A1 segments or the internal carotid artery and a relatively low systemic blood pressure during operation were found. From these findings we concluded that the pathogenesis of the infarctions was due to occlusive changes affecting Heubner's arteries bilaterally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418830
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sequential change of local cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose metabolism after focal cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion in rat and the effect of MK-801 on local cerebral glucose metabolism (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 770-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion ; cerebral blood flow ; cerebral glucose metabolism ; MK-801
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the time course change of local cerebral blood flow (1CBF) and local cerebral glucose metabolism (1CGM) and the effect of MK-801 (dizocilpine), an NMDA receptor antagonist on glucose metabolism in a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model,14C-Iodo-antipyrine and14C-Deoxyglucose autoradiographic method have been used. The 1CBF was reduced to 0–10% of the control level in the ischaemic core and to 12–40% in the ischaemic penumbra between 60 and 120 min after the onset of the ischaemia. In the ischaemic core, the marked hyperfusion appeared at 15 min and maintained about 30 to 45 min following reperfusion. In the ischaemic penumbra, the hyperfusion during reperfusion was not found. Hypermetabolism occurred at 30 min and reached to the peak at 60 min after the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion both in the ischaemic core and in the penumbra. The shift from hyper- to hypometabolism was observed during the ischaemia. The reperfusion following 2 hours of MCA occlusion facilitated the decrease of cerebral glucose metabolism in the ischaemic region. The pretreatment of MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) inhibited both increased glucose metabolism during the ischaemia and decreased glucose metabolism during the reperfusion. The effect of limiting decreased glucose metabolism during the reperfusion by MK-801 was remarkable in the ischaemic penumbra. These findings support the hypothesis that excitation-induced hypermetabolism play a major role in the ischaemic insult following focal cerebral vascular occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420052
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