Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Geophysics -- Advances in Geophysics -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Contributors -- PREFACE -- One - Mechanics of Accretionary Prisms and Fold-and-Thrust Belts Based on Limit Analysis -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIMIT ANALYSIS AND ITS KINEMATIC APPROACH -- 2.1 An Overview of Limit Analysis -- 2.2 The Theorem of Virtual Powers -- 2.3 The Kinematic Approach -- 2.3.1 The Collapse Mechanism and the Virtual Powers -- 2.3.2 The Support Function -- 2.3.3 The Least Upper Bound -- 2.3.4 Application to Gravity Collapse -- 3. TRIANGULAR WEDGE: SIX COLLAPSE MECHANISMS IN COMPETITION -- 3.1 Collapse Mechanisms 1 and 2: For Comparison With the Critical Coulomb Wedge Theory -- 3.2 Collapse Mechanism 3: Delamination on the Frontal Part of the Decollement -- 3.3 Collapse Mechanism 4: Delamination With a Curved Fault -- 3.4 Collapse Mechanisms 5 and 6: Vergence Controlled by Compaction During Thrusting -- 3.5 Triangular Wedge: Predicting the Dominant Mechanism -- 3.5.1 Collapse Mechanisms 1 and 2 for Comparison With the Critical Coulomb Wedge Theory -- 3.5.2 Delamination: Mechanisms 3 and 4 -- 3.5.3 Compaction and Hinterland Thrusting: Collapse Mechanisms 5 and 6 -- 3.5.4 Discussion -- 4. AN ACCRETING WEDGE AND TWO DECOLLEMENTS -- 5. SEQUENTIAL LIMIT ANALYSIS -- 6. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SUPPLEMENTARY DATA -- REFERENCES -- Two - Near-Surface Geophysical Characterization of Areas Prone to Natural Hazards: A Review of the Current and Perspective on the Future -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods and Their Basis -- 2.1 Downhole, Surface, Air- and Shipborne Surveys -- 2.2 Electrical Methods -- 2.2.1 Galvanic Geoelectrical Methods -- 2.2.2 Inductive Electromagnetic Methods -- 2.3 Ground-Penetrating Radar -- 2.4 Seismic Methods Including Seismicity -- 2.5 Potential Field (Gravity and Magnetic) Methods. , 2.6 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 2.7 Lidar -- 2.8 Offshore Geophysical Measurements -- 2.8.1 Multibeam Systems -- 2.8.2 Imagery -- 2.8.3 Active Offshore Seismics -- 3. Examples and Case Studies -- 3.1 Landslides -- 3.2 Flood-Damage Assessments -- 3.3 Rockfalls -- 3.4 Sinkholes and Subsidence -- 3.5 Earthquakes -- 3.6 Volcanoes -- 3.7 Cryospheric Hazards -- 3.7.1 Rock Glaciers -- 3.7.2 Avalanches -- 4. Road Ahead -- 4.1 Multicomponent 2D and 3D Active and Passive Seismic Surveys -- 4.2 Advanced and Cost-Effective Airborne Measurements -- 4.3 Advanced and Cost-Effective 2D and 3D DCIP Measurements -- 4.4 A Complex Problem Requiring a Multidisciplinary and Integrated Approach -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Three - Light Snow Precipitation and Effects on Weather and Climate -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INSTRUMENTS -- 2.1 Weighing Gauges -- 2.1.1 Geonor Weighing Gauge -- 2.1.2 Pluvio Weighing Gauge -- 2.2 Optical Present Weather Sensors -- 2.3 Optical Spectral Precipitation Probes -- 2.3.1 Ground Cloud Imaging Optical Probes -- 2.3.2 Laser Precipitation Monitor Disdrometer -- 2.4 Profiling Microwave Radiometer -- 3. MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS -- 3.1 Light Snow Calculation Using Hydrometeor Spectral Measurements -- 3.2 Weighing Gauge Measurements and Uncertainties -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1 January 23, 2014 Light Snow Event -- 4.1.1 Profiling Microwave Radiometer Observations -- 4.1.2 In Situ Observations -- 4.2 May 3, 2014 Light Snow Event -- 4.2.1 Profiling Microwave Radiometer Observations -- 4.2.2 In Situ Observations -- 4.3 Variability Issues -- 5. DISCUSSIONS -- 5.1 Snow Measurements -- 5.2 In Situ Instrumental Issues -- 5.3 Snow Amount From Visibility Measurements -- 5.4 Statistics on Light Snow Measurements -- 5.5 Missing Snow Effect in Climate Change Assessments -- 5.6 Overview of Snow Observations and Numerical Models. , 5.6.1 Numerical Weather Prediction Models -- 5.6.2 Climate Models -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Geophysics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Optimized Experimental Design in the Context of Seismic Full Waveform Inversion and Seismic Waveform Imaging -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 2.1. Inverse Theory -- 2.2. Optimized Experimental Design -- 2.3. Full Waveform Inversion -- 3. Optimization of FWI and Waveform Imaging Experiments -- 3.1. Travel Time and Acoustic FWI Applied to Medical Tomography -- 3.2. Elastic FWI of Shallow Surface Seismic Data -- 3.3. Elastic FWI of Crosshole Data -- 3.4. VSP Imaging -- 4. Exploiting the Information Content of Seismic Data -- 4.1. Selection of Temporal Spatial Frequencies -- 4.2. Constructing Optimal Observables -- 5. Other OED Techniques -- 5.1. Source Encoding -- 5.2. Optimized Model Parameterization -- 5.3. OED and Joint Inversions -- 6. Discussion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter Two: A Review of Airborne Electromagnetic Methods With Focus on Geotechnical and Hydrological Applications From 2 ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. AEM Systems-Hardware -- 2.1. Advancements in the Last Decade -- 2.1.1. Depth of Investigation -- 2.1.2. Surface Resolution -- 2.2. Current State of AEM Systems -- 2.2.1. Frequency-Domain Systems -- 2.2.2. Time-Domain Systems -- 2.3. System Comparison Studies -- 3. Software -- 3.1. Modeling -- 3.1.1. 1D Modeling -- 3.1.2. 2D Modeling -- 3.1.3. 3D Modeling -- 3.1.4. Induced Polarization and Superparamagnetic Effects -- 3.2. Inversion -- 3.2.1. Objective Functions -- 3.2.2. Minimization Schemes -- 3.2.2.1. Gradient Descent -- 3.2.2.2. Quasi-Gauss-Newton -- 3.2.2.3. Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient -- 3.2.2.4. BFGS/Limited-BFGS -- 3.2.2.5. Monte Carlo -- 3.2.3. Regularizations -- 3.2.4. Local Mesh -- 3.2.5. Hybrid Schemes -- 3.3. Other Advances -- 3.3.1. Automated Processes -- 3.3.2. Optimizations -- 3.3.2.1. Parallelism. , 3.3.2.2. Sparse Linear Solvers -- 3.3.2.3. Multigrid Methods -- 3.3.3. Depth of Investigation -- 4. Case Examples -- 4.1. Finding Quick Clay -- 4.2. Delineating Hazardous Material -- 4.3. Mapping the Fresh-Saltwater Interface -- 4.4. Deep Groundwater Mapping in Antarctica -- 4.5. 3D Geological Modeling of Complex Buried Valleys -- 4.6. Environmental Assessments and Hydrologic Mapping in Africa -- 4.7. Measurements of a Collapse-Prone Volcano -- 5. Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Back Cover.

Note: Förderkennzeichen AiF 19223 N , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 64-68

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 65-69