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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl- and dimethyl-associated paramagnetic centers in SiO2 thin films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5527-5530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SiO2 thin films, deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and O2 as precursors, exhibit electron-paramagnetic-resonance signals that are interpreted in terms of methyl- and dimethyl-associated centers. The former are observed in as-deposited films and in films thermally treated below 500 °C while the latter are observed in films that have been thermally treated between 700 and 950 °C. These hydrocarbon-containing paramagnetic centers originate from TEOS's ethyl constituents that are incorporated in the SiO2 film during growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing sunless tanning with dihydroxyacetone (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Background Sunless tanning preparations have been used for more than 50 years and are still very popular because they provide temporary pigmentation resembling an ultraviolet-induced tan. The pigment is the product of reactions between dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and amino acids in the stratum corneum. Objectives To understand the factors that influence the reactions of DHA with amino acids in the stratum corneum with the ultimate goal of producing pigmentation with greater photoprotection. Methods The influence of hydration and/or oxygen on the development of DHA-induced pigment was assessed in vivo using an occlusive dressing and ex vitro on human epidermal preparations. Two spectroscopic techniques, diffuse reflectance and fluorescence emission, were used to monitor the extent of pigment development. The optimal relative humidity for DHA-induced pigmentation was assessed on the epidermal preparations. The formation of products from reactions between DHA and nine amino acids was studied in solutions buffered at pH 5 and 7. Results Development of DHA-induced pigmentation was inhibited by a 24-h occlusive dressing but appeared after its removal, indicating that DHA was still present. High hydration but not the absence of oxygen inhibited coloration of occluded skin. The extent of pigmentation did not vary in a simple manner with hydration, as pigment formation was positively correlated with humidity from 0 to 75% but negatively correlated from 75 to 100%. Lysine, glycine and histidine reacted most rapidly with DHA, with reaction rates greater at pH 7 than at pH 5. The products absorbed with maxima at wavelengths up to 340 nm. Conclusions These results indicate that extent of hydration, pH and availability of certain amino acids influence the development of DHA-induced pigmentation in the stratum corneum and suggest that manipulation of these factors might produce pigmentation with greater photoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05434.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinone (fluoranil) (1974)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740874003128
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CH4 and CO emissions from rice straw burning in South East Asia (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 31 (1994), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Atmospheric samples collected during rice straw burning at four different locations in Viet-Nam during the dry (March 1992, February 1993) and wet season (August 1992) were analysed for CO2, CO, and CH4. The emission ratios relative to CO2 for CO and CH4 for rice straw burning during the dry season were comparable to those observed on samples collected during burning of savanna in Africa or forest in the USA. During the wet season, however the emission ratios for CO and CH4 relative to CO2 were 3 to 10 times higher. With these emission ratios and estimates of rice production from Southeastern Asia, we estimated that burning of rice straw emits annually about 2.2 Tmol of CO (26 TgC) and 0.2 Tmol of CH4 (2.4 TgC) to the atmosphere. Taking into account these new results, CO and CH4 fluxes from biomass burning could be reevaluated by 5–21% and 5–24%, respectively, in respect with previous estimates of these gas emissions from all biomass burning activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547188
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 11 (1990), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Atmospheric dimethylsulfide ; oceanic dimethylsulfide ; DMS ; air-sea interaction ; atmospheric chemistry ; marine chemistry ; biogeochemical cycles ; sea-to-air flux ; Indian Ocean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Daily measurements of atmospheric concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were carried out for two years in a marine site at remote area: the Amsterdam Island (37°50′S–77°31′E) located in the southern Indian Ocean. DMS concentrations were also measured in seawater. A seasonal variation is observed for both DMS in the atmosphere and in the sea-surface. The monthly averages of DMS concentrations in the surface coastal seawater and in the atmosphere ranged, respectively, from 0.3 to 2.0 nmol l-1 and from 1.4 to 11.3 nmol m-3 (34 to 274 pptv), with the highest values in summer. The monthly variation of sea-to-air flux of DMS from the southern Indian Ocean ranges from 0.7 to 4.4 μmol m-2 d-1. A factor of 2.3 is observed between summer and winter with mean DMS fluxes of 3.0 and 1.3 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053671
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning in the tropics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 22 (1995), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: biomass burning ; carbonyl sulfide emissions ; tropics ; COS ; CO ; CO2 ; C2H2 ; CH4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning have been studied during field experiments conducted both in an African savanna area (Ivory Coast) and rice fields, central highland pine forest and savanna areas in Viet-Nam. During these experiments CO2, CO and C2H2 or CH4 have also been also monitored. COS values range from 0.6 ppbv outside the fires to 73 ppbv in the plumes. Significant correlations have been observed between concentrations of COS and CO (R 2=0.92,n=25) and COS and C2H2 (R 2=0.79,n=26) indicating a COS production during the smoldering combustion. COS/CO2 emission factors (ΔCOS/ΔCO2) during field experiments ranged from 1.2 to 61×10−6 (11.4×10−6 mean value). COS emission by biomass burning was estimated to be up to 0.05 Tg S/yr in tropics and up to 0.07 Tg S/yr on a global basis, contributing thus about 10% to the global COS flux. Based on the S/C ratio measured in the dry plant biomass and the ΔCOS/ΔCO2 emission factor, COS can account for only about 7% of the sulfur emitted in the atmosphere by biomass burning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00708181
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual variation of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide in the marine atmosphere in the Southern Indian Ocean (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 13 (1991), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: COS ; carbonyl sulfide ; annual variation ; Indian ocean ; marine atmosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the concentrations of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in the marine atmosphere were made over a period of two years in the southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam Island, 37°50′ S–77°31′ E; March 1987–February 1988 and April 1989–February 1990). The mean atmospheric COS concentration for the whole period was 475±48 pptv (n=544). Atmospheric COS concentrations show no significant seasonal variation with a summer to winter ratio of 1.05. Taking into account the observed variability of the atmospheric COS concentration (10%), a value of 1.4 yr is estimated as a lower limit for the atmospheric COS lifetime. A comparison of the COS data at Amsterdam Island with those obtained in the Southern Hemisphere in the past 12 yr does not reveal any significant trend in the tropospheric background COS mixing ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide, its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 15 (1992), S. 39-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Oceanic dimethyl sulfide ; atmospheric dimethyl sulfide ; sulfur dioxide ; wet deposition ; non-sea-salt sulfate ; methanesulfonic acid ; rain acidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous measurements of rain acidity and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere were performed at Amsterdam Island over a 4 year period. During the last 2 years, measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere and of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt-sulfate (nss-SO4 2-) in rainwater were also performed. Covariations are observed between the oceanic and atmospheric DMS concentrations, atmospheric SO2 concentrations, wet deposition of MSA, nss-SO4 2-, and rain acidity. A comparable summer to winter ratio of DMS and SO2 in the atmosphere and MSA in precipitation were also observed. From the chemical composition of precipitation we estimate that DMS oxidation products contribute approximately 40% of the rain acidity. If we consider the acidity in excess, then DMS oxidation products contribute about 55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on ‘The residence time of aerosols and SO2 in the long-range transport over the Ocean’, by Ito et al. (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 5 (1987), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Sulfur dioxide ; residence time ; oxidation rate ; long-range transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission and flux of DMS from the Australian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans during the 1988/89 summer (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 20 (1995), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: DMS ; emission and flux ; Australasian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract DMS emissions and fluxes from the Australasian sector of the Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans, bound by 46–68° S and 65.5–142.6° E, were determined from a limited number of samples (n=32) collected during three summer resupply voyages to Australian Antarctic continental research bases between November 1988 and January 1989 (a 92 day period). The maximum DMS emission from this sector of the Antarctic Ocean was in an area near the Antarctic Divergence (60–63° S) and the minimum DMS emission was from the Antarctic coastal and offshelf waters. The greatest emission of DMS from this sector of the Southern Ocean was from the Subantarctic waters. DMS flux from the Australasian Antarctic Ocean was 64.3×106 (±115) mol d−1 or 5.9 (±10.6)×109 mol based on an emission of 10.9 (±19.5) µmol m−2 d−1 (n=26). The flux of DMS from the Australasian sector of the Subantarctic Ocean was probably twice the flux of DMS from the adjacent Antarctic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099918
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