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Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins: Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Methods -- Copyright Page -- Contributors to Volume II, Part B -- Acknowledgment -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 21 - Interstitial Proteins: The Proteins of Blood Plasma and Lymph -- I. Origin and General Properties of Plasma Proteins -- II. Maintenance of Vascular Volume -- III. Proteins Functioning as Transporters of Metabolites -- IV. Protective (Anti-Infection) Functions ― Antibodies -- V. Clotting Components -- VI. Enzymes -- VII. Hormones -- VIII. Isolated Components of Unknown Function -- IX. Appendix ― Inclusive Systems of Plasma Fractionation -- X. General References -- Chapter 22 - The Proteins of Immune Reactions -- I. Immunity -- II. Antigens -- III. Antibodies -- IV. Antibody ― Antigen Combination -- V. Complement and Complement Fixation -- Chapter 23 - Structure Proteins. I -- I. General Introduction -- II. Silk Fibroin -- III. The Keratin Group -- IV. The Collagen Group -- V. Miscellaneous Structure Proteins -- Chapter 24 - Structure Proteins. II. Muscle -- I. Introduction -- II. The Structure Proteins of Skeletal Muscle -- III. Particulate Components -- IV. Extractability of Muscle Proteins -- V. Estimation of Muscle Proteins -- VI. Amino Acid Composition of the Structure Proteins and Its Significance -- VII. X-Ray and Electron Microscope Studies of Muscle and Muscle Proteins -- VIII. Models of Muscle Contraction -- IX. Biological Activities Associated with the Sarcoplasm -- X. Appendix and Conclusions -- Chapter 25 - Proteolytic Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods of Preparation -- III. Physicochemical Properties -- IV. Chemical Composition -- V. Stability -- VI. Enzymatic Activity -- VII. Inhibition -- VIII. Action of Proteolytic Enzymes on Proteins -- Chapter 26 - Peptide and Protein Synthesis. Protein Turnover -- I. Introduction. , II. Synthesis of and Interaction between Peptide Bonds -- III. Synthesis of Protein and Incorporation of Isotopic Amino Acids in Vitro -- IV. Incorporation of Amino Acids in Vivo ― Turnover -- V. General Conclusions -- VI. Appendix -- Author Index for Volume II -- Subject Index for Volume II.

Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins: Composition, Structure, and Function, Second Edition -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Contents of Volume II -- Chapter 1. Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides and Proteins -- I. General Introduction -- II. Preparation of Material for Analysis -- III. Evolution of Amino Acid Analysis-From Macrochemistry to Microchemistry -- IV. Analyses of Intact Protein -- V. Estimation of Free Amino Acids -- VI. Methods of Protein Hydrolysis -- VII. Conclusions and Recapitulation -- References -- Addendum to Chapter 1. Addendum to Amino Acid Composition of Certain Proteins -- Tables -- References -- Chapter 2. Synthesis and Function of Peptides of Biological Interest -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthesis of Peptides -- III. Synthetic Pituitary Hormones -- IV. Biologically Active Protein Fragments -- V. Structure-Function Relations -- VI. Specificity of Peptides -- References -- Chapter 3. Chemical Aspects of Protein Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Criteria of Protein Synthesis -- III. ''Activation'' of Amino Acids -- IV. Specificity of Amino Acid Incorporation into Peptide Chains -- V. Amino Acid Incorporation by Nonmicrosomal Subcellular Elements -- VI. Are Peptides Intermediates in Protein Synthesis? -- VII. Special Aspects of the Biosynthesis of Individual Proteins -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Concepts and Experimental Approaches in the Determination of the Primary Structure of Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for the Determination of the Covalent Structure of Proteins -- III. Primary Structures of Specific Proteins -- IV. Future Development of Sequence Analysis -- References -- Chapter 5. Intramolecular Bonds in Proteins I. The Role of Sulfur in Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Analytical Methods. , III. The Reactions of Sulfhydryl, Disulfide, and Thio Ether Groups in Proteins -- IV. The Functions of Sulfhydryl, Disulfide, and Thio Ether Groups in Proteins -- References -- Chapter 6. Intramolecular Bonds in Proteins. II. Noncovalent Bonds -- I. Introduction -- II. Nature of Noncovalent Interactions -- III. Statistical Thermodynamic Theories of Noncovalent Interactions -- IV. Denaturation -- V. Influence of Noncovalent Interactions on Other Protein Reactions -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins: Composition, Structure, and Function -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Volume I -- Contents of Volume IIII -- Contents of Volume IV -- Contents of Volume V -- Errata -- Chapter 7. The Conformation of Polypeptide Chains in Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Possible Conformations of the Polypeptide Chain in Solution -- III. Summary of Results Obtained from Investigations of Synthetic Polypeptides -- IV. Experimental Methods of Determining the Conformation of Proteins -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8. Interaction of Proteins with Hydrogen Ions and Other Small Ions and Molecules -- I. Introduction -- II. Definitions, Concepts, and Experimental Methods -- III. Prototropic Components and Their Characteristics -- IV. Description of Useful Models -- V. Experimental Results with Individual Proteins and Their Interpretation -- VI. Binding of Small Ions to Proteins -- VII. Combination of Proteins with Un-ionized Molecules -- VIII. Applications of Protein Acid-Base Equilibria -- IX. Problem Areas for Future Investigations -- References -- Chapter 9. Interacting Protein Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for Obtaining Values of Characteristic Parameters -- III. The Behavior of Interacting Systems in Transport Experiments -- IV. Interaction Effects in Other Physicochemical Measurements -- References -- Chapter 10. Polyamino Acids as Protein Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthesis and Chemical Properties of Polyamino Acids -- III. Conformation of Polyamino Acids in the Solid State -- IV. Properties of Polyamino Acids in Solution -- V. Monomolecular Layers -- VI. Polyamino Acids as Substrates for Proteolytic Enzymes -- VII. Polypeptidyl Enzymes and Water-Insoluble Enzymes -- VIII. Antigenicity of Polyamino Acids and Polypeptidyl Proteins. , IX. Polyarnino Acids in the Study of the Genetic Code -- X. Interaction of Polyamino Acids with Enzymes and Other Proteins and with Nucleic Acids -- XI. Interaction of Polyamino Acids with Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Blood Cells -- XII. Other Studies of Biological Interest -- XIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 11. X-Ray Analysis and Protein Structure -- I. Introduction -- II. Globular Proteins -- III. Fibrous Proteins -- Bibliography -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins: Third Edition -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Volume I -- Chapter 1. The Chemical Modification of Proteins by Group-Specific and Site-Specific Reagents -- I. Introduction -- II. lonization Behavior and Reactivity of Functional Groups in Native Proteins -- III. "Exposed" and "Buried" Groups -- IV. Motility of Protein Structure -- V. Modification of Protein Side Chains -- VI. Unusually Reactive Groups -- VII. Affinity Labeling -- VIII. Photochemical Labeling -- IX. Sensitized Photooxidation -- X. Bifunctional Reagents -- XI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2. The Synthesis of Peptides by Solution Methods with Emphasis on Peptide Hormones -- I. Introduction -- II. General Methods of Synthesis -- III. Protecting Groups -- IV. Racemization -- V. Methods of Purification and Criteria of Homogeneity -- VI. Biologically Active Peptides and Proteins -- VII. Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3. Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthetic Strategies -- III. Solid Supports -- IV. Attachment to the Solid Support -- V. Protection and Deprotection -- VI. Neutralization -- VII. Activation and Coupling -- VIII. Cleavage from the Solid Support -- IX. Purification and Characterization -- X. Side Reactions -- XI. Automation -- XII. Peptides and Proteins Synthesized by the Solid-Phase Method -- XIII. Other Oligomers Synthesized by the Solid-Phase Method -- XIV. Applications of the Solid-Phase Method -- XV. Prospects for the Future -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- CHAPTER 1. Protein Evolution -- I. Introduction -- II. Genetic Basis of Amino Acid Replacements -- III. Evolutionary Fixation of Amino Acid Replacements -- IV. Comparing Amino Acid Sequences -- V. Gene Duplication -- VI. The Search for Common Ancestors -- VII. Animal Structural Proteins and Other Highly Repetitive Sequences -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 2. Chromosomal Proteins -- I. General Introduction -- II. Fish Sperm Protamines -- III. Histones -- IV. Protamine-Like Proteins -- V. Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins -- References -- CHAPTER 3. Contractile Proteins of Muscle -- I. Introduction -- II. Organization of the Myofibril in Vertebrate Striated Muscle -- III. The Thick Filaments: Structure and Function -- IV. Aggregation of Myosin and Its Proteolytic Fragments -- V. The Structure of Myosin -- VI. The C-Protein -- VII. Structure of the Thin Filaments -- VIII. The Structure of G-Actin -- IX. The Regulatory Proteins -- X. The M-Line Proteins -- XI. The Z-Line Proteins -- XII. Paramyosin -- XIII. The Mechanism of Muscular Contraction in Striated Muscle -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 4. The Chemistry and Biology of Collagen -- I. Introduction -- II. Identification, Distribution, and Function -- III. Procollagen -- IV. Chemical Composition of Collagen -- V. Primary Structure of Collagen -- VI. Covalent Interchain Cross-Links in Collagen -- VII. Molecular Conformation -- VIII. Fibril Structure -- IX. Immunochemistry -- X. Hydroxylation of Peptidyl Proline and Lysine -- XI. Degradation of Collagen by Enzymes from Animal Sources -- XII. Heritable Disorders of Collagen Synthesis -- XIII. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Author Index. , Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Proteins: Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Methods, Part A -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- CONTRIBUTORSTO VOLUME II ,PART A -- CONTENTS OF VOLUME I (TWO PARTS) -- Chapter 12. Nucleoproteins and Viruses -- A. Nucleic Acids and Nucleoproteins -- B. VIRUSES -- Chapter 13. The Oxidizing Enzymes -- I. General -- II. The Copper Proteins -- III. Pyridinoproteins -- IV. Flavoproteins -- V. Thiaminoproteins -- VI. Other Oxidizing Enzymes -- Chapter 14. Respiratory Proteins -- I. Occurrence of Respiratory Proteins -- II. Hemoglobin -- III. Chlorocruorin -- IV. Hemocyanin -- V. Hemerythrin -- VI. Other Respiratory Proteins -- Chapter 15. Toxic Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Distribution of Toxic Proteins -- III. Properties and Modes of Action of Toxic Proteins -- Chapter 16. Milk Proteins -- I. Biological Importance -- II. Protein Distribution in Milk -- III. Separation and Properties of Milk Proteins -- IV. Amino Acid Composition of Milk Proteins -- V. Enzymes in Milk -- VI. Antibacterial Factor of Milk -- VII. Relationship of Milk Proteins to Serum Proteins -- Chapter 17. Egg Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Egg White -- III. Egg Yolk -- IV. Species Variation in the Protein Composition of the Egg -- Chapter 18. Seed Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Extraction -- III. Characterization -- IV. Examples of Some Seed Proteins -- V. Seed Proteins During Ripening and Germination -- VI. Amino Acid Composition -- Chapter 19. Proteins and Protein Metabolism in Plants -- I. Introduction. Some General Concepts -- II. Protein Metabolism. Historical -- III. Proteins and Protein Metabolism in the Plant Body -- IV. The Amino Acid Composition of the Protein Fraction in Bulk -- V. Protein Moieties of the Leaf and of Plant Viruses -- VI. The Nonprotein Nitrogen of Plants in Relation to Protein Metabolism. , VII. Factors That Affect the Protein and Soluble-Nitrogen Fractions in Plants -- VIII. Some General Effects of Environment and Nutrition on the Nitrogen Compounds and upon Proteins -- Chapter 20. Protein Hormones -- I. Introduction -- II. Anterior Pituitary Hormones -- III. Urinary and Serum Gonadotropins -- IV. Posterior Pituitary Hormones -- V. Insulin -- VI. Thyroid Hormones.

Note: Front Cover -- Structure-Function Relationships of Proteolytic Enzymes -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- List of Participants -- Foreword -- Chapter 1. On the Three Chymotrypsinogens of Porcine Pancreas -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- Chapter 2. Chymotrypsin: Tertiary Structure and Enzymatic Activity -- ABSTRACT -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. The Role of Carboxylates and Phenol Side-chains in the Activity and Conformation of Trypsinogen, Trypsin, Chymotrypsinogen, and Chymotrypsin -- I. THE ROLE OF CARBOXYLATES -- II. THE ROLE OF PHENOL SIDE-CHAINS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Chemical Modifications of Bovine Trypsinogen and Trypsin -- ACETYLATION OF TRYPSIN WITH N-ACETYLIMIDAZOLE -- MECHANISM OF TRYPSINOGEN ACTIVATION -- ROLE OF CALCIUM IN THE ACTIVATION PROCESS -- WATER-INSOLUBLE TRYPSIN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. The Specificity Site of Trypsin -- CHEMICAL MODIFICATION STUDIES -- AUTODIGESTION OF TRYPSIN WITH LOSS OF BINDING SPECIFICITY -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- Chapter 6. Structure and Mechanism of Action of a Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor -- THE COVALENT STRUCTURE -- MECHANISM OF ACTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. The Chemistry of the Reactive Site of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor -- REACTIVE SITE -- EQUILIBRIUM IN PEPTIDE BOND CLEAVAGE -- RESYNTHESIS OF THE CLEAVED REACTIVE SITE BY RAPID DISSOCIATION OF THE COMPLEX -- ENZYMATIC MUTATION -- OTHER TOPICS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Structural Aspects of Interaction of Trypsin with Macromolecular Inhibitors -- HYPOTHETICAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF TRYPSIN -- TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR -- NITRATION OF TYROSINE RESIDUES -- ROLE OF CARBOXYL GROUPS -- BASIC AMINO ACIDS AND TRYPTOPHAN RESIDUES -- FRAGMENT OF TRYPSIN BOUND TO INHIBITOR -- BINDING OF INHIBITOR TO ZYMOGEN. , HOMOLOGY OF ACTIVE SITES IN TWO POLYPEPTIDE INHIBITORS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Homology and Phylogeny of Proteolytic Enzymes -- I. PANCREATIC ENZYMES -- II. TRYPSINOGEN -- III. METALLOGARBOXYPEPTIDASES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Structural Aspects of Thrombin and Prothrombin -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Cobalt Proteases: Implications of Absorption and Circular Dichroism Spectra for Catalysis -- REFERENCES for Table I -- REFERENCES for Table II -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Some Structure-Function Relationships in the Subtilisins -- PRIMARY SEQUENCE -- ACTIVE SITE STUDIES -- MODIFICATION STUDIES -- SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY -- INHIBITORS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Subtilisin BPN': Tertiary Structure and Inhibitor Binding -- ABSTRACT -- COMMENTS -- Chapter 14. Subtilisin: Stability Properties and Secondary Binding Sites -- STABILITY PROPERTIES -- ENZYMATIC PROPERTIES -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Aminopeptidases from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. A Synthetic Approach to the Study of Microenvironmental Effects on Enzyme Action -- I. WATER-INSOLUBLE ENZYME DERIVATIVES -- II. ENZYME MEMBRANES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Specificity and Mechanism of Pepsin Action -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Towards a Mechanism for Pepsin -- MECHANISTIC PROPOSALS -- REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- Chapter 19. Chemical Studies on Purified Pepsin -- PREPARATION OF PURIFIED PEPSIN -- PROPERTIES OF THE PURIFIED ENZYME -- REACTIONS WITH RESIDUES AT THE ACTIVE SITE -- MECHANISM OF INACTIVATION BY DIAZO REAGENTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Porcine Pepsinogen and Pepsin -- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PEPSINOGEN AND PEPSIN -- CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF PEPSINOGEN AND PEPSIN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT. , REFERENCES -- COMMENTS -- Chapter 21. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Papain -- THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF THE MOLECULE -- STRUCTURE OF THE MOLECULE -- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE ENZYME -- GEOMETRY OF THE ACTIVE SITE AND PRODUCT BINDING -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Streptococcal Proteinase -- PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME -- COMPARISON OF THE STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEINASE A N D PAPAIN -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Structure and Function of Stem Bromelain -- PURIFICATION A N D GENERAL PROPERTIES -- STEM BROMELAIN AS A GLYCOPROTEIN -- ACTIVE SITE SEQUENCE -- KINETIC FEATURES -- PHYLOGENETIC REMARKS -- REFERENCES.