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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observed correlations between aftershock spatial distribution and earthquake fault lengths (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We observe the spatial distributions of the magnitude of aftershocks following the six earthquakes of focal depth shallower than 20 km with magnitude more than 5.0 from 1983 to 1987 in Japan. The upper limit of the aftershock magnitude is examined as a function of the distance from mainshock hypocentre. The observed spatial distributions of the upper limit are bimodal, with a tendency of the upper limit to decrease as the distance from mainshock hypocentre increases. Moreover, we observe the correlations between the aftershock spatial distribution and earthquake fault length. We focus on the largest aftershocks in each of two aftershock sequences constituting the bimodal distribution. The distances of the two largest aftershocks from the mainshock hypocentre are equal to the fault lengths of shallow earthquakes in Japan and to the maximum earthquake fault lengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2000.00329.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated β-bromo-n-acyl-α-amino acids
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 15 (1974), S. 521-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(01)82260-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A facile of α,β-unsaturated α-bromo-N-acyl-α-amino acid
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 15 (1974), S. 2642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(01)92314-7
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the distribution of properdin factor B (Bf) genotypes between type I and type II diabetes in Japanese
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (1984), S. 1491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4731(84)90668-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Distribution of Aftershocks and the Fractal Structure of Active Fault Systems (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 575-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Aftershock, active fault system, fractal, fractal dimension, spatial distribution.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The relationship between the fractal dimensions of aftershock spatial distribution and of pre-existing fracture systems is examined. Fourteen main shocks occurring in Japan were followed by aftershocks, and the aftershocks occurred in swarms around the main shock. Epicentral distributions of the aftershocks exhibit fractal properties, and the fractal dimensions are estimated by using correlation integral. Observable pre-existing active fault systems in the fourteen aftershock regions have fractal structures, and the fractal dimensions are estimated by using the box-counting method. The estimated fractal dimensions derive positive correlation, showing independence from the main-shock magnitude. The correlation shows that aftershock distributions become less clustered with increasing fractal dimensions of the active fault system. That is, the clusters of the aftershocks are constrained under the fractal properties of the pre-existing active fault systems. If the fractal dimension of the active fault system is the upper limit value of the fractal dimension of the actual fracture geometries of rocks, then the clustering aftershocks manifest completely random and unpredictable distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism in the human glycogen synthase gene is associated with NIDDM in Japanese subjects (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 536-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words NIDDM, glycogen synthase, DNA polymorphism, genetics, hypertension.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the possible association between alleles of a simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism in the human glycogen synthase gene and non-obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in Japanese subjects. Nine alleles (−4G, −3G, −2G, −1G, 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G) were identified in the study group of 164 patients with NIDDM and 115 non-diabetic subjects. The overall frequency distribution of the glycogen synthase gene alleles was significantly different between the two groups (p =0.0316). The 2G allele was found more frequently in patients with NIDDM than in non-diabetic subjects (17.7 % vs 8.7 %, p =0.0016). These results suggest that the 2G allele could be a genetic marker of NIDDM in Japanese subjects. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 536–539]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050144
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A missense mutation of the muscle glycogen synthase gene (M416V) is associated with insulin resistance in the Japanese population (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 947-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Muscle glycogen synthase ; insulin resistance ; NIDDM ; genetics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) is a key enzyme of non-oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism that has been reported to be related to insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. We scanned the GYS1 gene for mutation by single strand conformational polymorphism in 244 non-obese Japanese NIDDM patients and 181 non-diabetic control subjects, and found two missense mutations; Met to Val at position 416 in the exon 10 (M416V) and Pro to Ala at position 442 in the exon 11 (P442A). The P442A mutation was found in only one NIDDM patient treated with sulfonylureas. On the other hand, the M416V mutation was widely found in the Japanese population. The mutant allele frequency in the NIDDM patients (13.7 %) was slightly higher but not statistically significant compared with that in non-diabetic subjects (9.7 %). However, the insulin sensitivity index [SI: × 10− 4× min− 1× (μU/ml)− 1] estimated by Minimal Model analysis in the NIDDM patients carrying the M416V mutation was significantly lower than that in those without the mutation (1.18 ± 0.27, n = 21 vs 2.20 ± 0.20, n = 60, mean ± SEM, p 〈 0.01). Glucose effectiveness, age, body mass index, and levels of glycated haemoglobin and serum lipids were not significantly different between the two groups. The same trend could be seen in non-diabetic subjects (SI: 3.70 ± 0.46, 9 subjects with the mutation vs 5.94 ± 0.66, 19 subjects without the mutation, p 〈 0.05). These findings indicate that the M416V mutation of the GYS1 gene is one of the factors contributing to the insulin resistance in the Japanese population and may play some role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 947–952]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050772
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of the human carboxypeptidase E gene and molecular scanning for mutations in Japanese subjects with NIDDM or obesity (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 701-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Carboxypeptidase E ; processing ; NIDDM ; obesity ; genetics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic beta cell as a larger precursor molecule proinsulin which is converted to insulin and C-peptide by the concerted action of prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), prohormone convertase 3 (PC3) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE). One of the features of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is an elevation in the proinsulin level and/or proinsulin/insulin molar ratio suggesting that mutations in these three proinsulin processing enzymes might contribute to the development of NIDDM. The identification of a mutation in the CPE gene of the fat/fat mouse which leads to marked hyperproinsulinaemia and late-onset obesity and diabetes is consistent with a possible role for mutations in CPE in the development of diabetes and obesity in humans. In order to test this hypothesis, we have isolated and characterized the human CPE gene and screened it for mutations in a group of Japanese subjects with NIDDM and obesity. The human CPE gene consists of 9 exons spanning more than 60 kb. Primer extension analysis identified the transcriptional start site at –141 bp from the translational start site. Single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the promoter and entire coding region of the CPE gene in 269 Japanese subjects with NIDDM, 28 nondiabetic obese subjects and 104 nonobese and nondiabetic controls revealed three nucleotide changes, a G-to-T substitution at nucleotide –53, a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide –144 (relative to start of transcription) in the promoter region and a silent G-to-A substitution in codon 219. None of the nucleotide substitutions were associated with NIDDM or obesity. Thus, genetic variation in the CPE gene does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM or obesity in Japanese subjects. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 701–705]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050971
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Islet amyloid polypeptide amide causes peripheral insulin resistance in vivo in dogs (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 118-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; amylin ; amidation ; invivo effect ; insulin resistance ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet amyloid polypeptide is a 37 amino acid hormone-like peptide which is the major protein component of islet amyloid deposits commonly found in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Recent studies indicate that a physiologically active form of this peptide appears to be carboxyamidated and secreted from the insulin-producing beta cell. In order to clarify the possible in vivo actions of islet amyloid polypeptide, we have studied the effects of synthesized islet amyloid polypeptide-amide on peripheral glucose utilization by performing hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp studies on dogs. Exogenously administered islet amyloid polypeptide-amide (an infusion from 1.0 to 100 μg·kg−1·h−1, over 2 h) inhibited the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate in a dose dependent manner. Twenty-five μg·kg−1·h−1 of islet amyloid polypeptide-amide infused via a peripheral vein significantly lowered the glucose disposal rate by 20% (from 17.4±1.7 to 14.4±1.7 mg·kg−1·min−1, n = 5, p〈0.01). These findings suggest that islet amyloid polypeptide-amide causes peripheral insulin resistance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401051
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin Wakayama: familial mutant insulin syndrome in Japan (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; mutant ; familial ; gene ; high performance liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a family from Japan displaying the mutant insulin syndrome with hyperinsulinaemia and an increased insulin: C-peptide molar ratio. Serum insulin isolated from several family members showed reduced in vitro biological activity, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography revealed a peak co-eluting with human insulin and a second species of increased hydrophobicity co-migrating with the previously reported Insulin Wakayama. The insulin genes from the propositus were cloned and sequenced, revealing one normal allele; the second allele, encoding a leucine for valine amino acid substitution at position 3 of the insulin A chain, was similar to that previously described for Insulin Wakayama. Synthesized [LeuA3] insulin showed 0.14% of receptor binding activity on rat adipocytes and a 10-fold prolonged half-life in a somatostatin-infused dog compared with human insulin. The finding of the same mutant gene in two unrelated Japanese families suggests that Insulin Wakayama may be discovered in additional Japanese families with hyperinsulinaemia and/or diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274577
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