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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root growth of subalpine and montane Eucalyptus seedlings at low soil temperatures (1997)
    Springer
    Trees 12 (1997), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora ; Eucalyptus nitens ; Root growth ; Root configuration ; Adaptations to soil temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  This study examines the effect of different soil temperatures on root growth in seedlings of Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel subsp. pauciflora and Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse in pots containing soil. Pots were held in water baths maintained at 3, 7 or 13°C, whilst shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse temperatures. The experiments were designed to separate direct effects of soil temperature from effects due to differences in seedling size. In the first experiment, seedlings were grown to constant height (25 cm for both species), in the second to constant time (100 days for E. pauciflora and 64 days for E. nitens) and in the third experiment seedlings were transferred between soil temperatures. The rate of growth of both species increased with increasing soil temperature. E. nitens grew faster than E. pauciflora at 7 and 13°C, but E. pauciflora grew faster than E. nitens at 3°C. The rate of browning of roots increased with decreasing soil temperature and at a faster rate in E. nitens than E. pauciflora. Root length was highly correlated to root mass within diameter and colour classes (r2 〉 0.7). However, brown roots were heavier than white roots. Consequently, changes in root mass did not reflect changes in root length when the proportion of brown to white root also changed. For example, at a constant height of 25 cm at 3°C, E. nitens had greater root mass but lesser root length than E. pauciflora. E. pauciflora at 3°C grew faster, and had more root length and less brown roots than E. nitens. This supports the argument that E. pauciflora is better adapted than E. nitens to survive and grow at lower soil temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009694
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of Zn65 from dry soil by plants (1976)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 44 (1976), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Absorption of Zn65 by plant roots from a layer of dry top soil (suction 〉 15 bar) was measured using a technique that obviated water stress in the plant. Roots growing through the dry layer absorbed significant amounts of Zn65 provided they absorbed water from lower depths. Mucilage accumulated around the roots in the dry soil and may have facilitated ion transfer in the immediate vicinity of the root. The ability of roots to grow in dry soil and to absorb Zn65 varied between plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016978
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen on growth and water relations of radiata pine families (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: genetic variation ; nitrogen nutrition ; radiata pine families ; water relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on growth, foliar nutrients and water relations of four families of radiata pine (Pinus radiata, D. Don) currently in the Australian breeding program was examined from age six to 11 years. At this stage, the stand was ready for commercial thinning. The annual rainfall at the site varied from 563 to 733 mm. Application of nitrogen fertiliser resulted in stem wood volume at age nine years of 178 m3 ha-1 in the controls, compared with 228 m3 ha-1 in plots treated with 600 kg N ha-1. Pre-dawn needle water potential (Ψ) measured in three consecutive summers (when rainfall ranged from 53 to 106 mm) were consistently higher (less water stress) in nitrogen fertilised than in control trees. Similarly, the water stress integral (SΨ) decreased consistently with increasing levels of nitrogen, although total water use in fertilised trees would have been substantially higher because fertiliser application increased the leaf area index. The relationship between SΨ and basal area was strong and paralleled that of foliar nitrogen concentration and basal area growth. Therefore, nitrogen application increased growth rates of trees by improving the nutrient status of trees and lowering the water stress on trees in summer. Families showed markedly different responses of basal area growth to nitrogen, ranging from an increase of 9.4% over three years for the least responsive family to 99.0% for the most responsive. There was no nitrogen × family interaction on Ψ or SΨ suggesting that the large genetic variation in the growth response to nitrogen is mediated by factors other than water relations. These results have implications for managing highly productive plantations grown in an environment where rainfall is low compared to potential evapotranspiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029339
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of drying of the topsoil and of micronutrients in the subsoil on micronutrient uptake by an intermittently defoliated ryegrass (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 46 (1977), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of water content of the topsoil on the micronutrient nutrition of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) growing in a siliceous sandy soil of marginal micronutrient status, with and without a supply of micronutrients at lower depths. The main objectives were to investigate whether micronutrient supplies would be sustained for the regrowth of defoliated grass after the topsoil had dried, and to assess the contribution made by small amounts of micronutrients in the subsoil to nutrient supply. In the absence of supply from deeper layers, topsoil drying rapidly induced deficiency of micronutrients, particularly of manganese, resulting in significant yield depression. When small amounts of micronutrients were present in a deeper, wet layer there was little reduction in yield after the topsoil had dried. The evidence suggests that, provided the roots had access to water in the subsoils, significant amounts of manganese, zinc and copper can be absorbed from topsoils as dry or drier than wilting point. Supply of micronutrients to the subsoil appears to have enhanced the efficiency of manganese absorption from dry topsoil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of water content of the topsoil on micronutrient availability and uptake in a siliceous sandy soil (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 46 (1977), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of water content of the topsoil on the supply of manganese, zinc and copper to plants from an acid, siliceous sandy soil were investigated. The experiment was designed to provide a good supply of water and of nutrients other than those mentioned above at all times. Water content of the topsoil affected the root growth in that layer significantly. However, drying of the topsoil for as long as 42 days did not significantly affect the concentration of micronutrients in the shoots of oats, provided the plants did not experience water stress. Despite the acidic, siliceous sandy nature of the topsoil it showed a surprisingly high ability to render added manganese, zinc and copper unavailable. This phenomenon, probably mediated by organic matter, had a dominant effect on the exchangeable micronutrients in comparison to the effects due to fluctuations in soil water content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient and water availability to and growth of young radiata pine plantations intercropped with lupins (1987)
    Springer
    New forests 1 (1987), S. 117-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Because the growth of Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations on podzolized sandy soils can be increased by improving the content of organic matter and nitrogen in soil, the potential for improving these by intercropping with annual lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in young plantations on first and second rotation sites was examined. Lupins can be grown as an intercrop along with transplanted pine seedlings without causing detrimental effects on the water relations of pines. Because the lupins self-seed, two to three crops can be grown before being shaded out by the pines. Lupins increased the amount of organic matter and concentrations of total nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in the soil, and increased the concentrations of nitrogen in pine needles. The benefit of lupins to tree growth was substantial (16–32% increase in stem growth) and nearly equaled that achieved by repeated additions of nitrogen fertilizer. The choice and management of legume intercrop should be based on an understandig of how site resources (especially water) are shared between young trees and the leguminous plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00030056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of weeds in the management of nitrogen in a young Pinus radiata plantation (1989)
    Springer
    New forests 3 (1989), S. 203-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: weeds ; Pinus radiata ; competition ; nitrogen ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pinus radiata trees were grown on a podzolized sandy soil at a second rotation site under the following treatments: total weed control, total weed control plus ammonium nitrate, strip weed control and no weed control. During the first two summers after planting the differences in needle water potential between trees under no, strip or total weed control were very small. Despite similar rates of net N-mineralization in strip and total weed control treatments, which averaged 64 kg ha−1 yr−1 in the 0–15 cm soil depth, weeds in the strip weed control treatment reduced soil mineral-N concentrations by 50–80%, leaching of N by the end of the first growing season by 45%, foliar-N concentrations by 4–14% and stem biomass at 20 months after planting by 46%. Although N-uptake by above-ground vegetation (trees plus weeds) was 49% higher in the strip weed control treatment, the amount of N apportioned to trees during the first 20 months after planting was reduced from 15.5 to 9.0 kg ha−1. These effects of weeds were even more pronounced in the no weed control treatment. Since weeds had little effect on the needle water potential of trees and the annual rates of N-mineralization, but adversely affected N-uptake by trees, results indicate that weeds directly competed with trees for N, and thereby aggravated N-deficiency in trees. Application of ammonium nitrate after complete weed control increased foliar-N concentrations, and N-uptake and growth of trees, but also induced severe stem deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028929
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