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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures in Polystyrene Solutions. III. Temperature Dependence of the η1 Parameter (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 7 (1974), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60040a021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures in Polystyrene Solutions. IV. Role of Configurational Heat Capacity (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 8 (1975), S. 799-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60048a023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometry measurement and electric characteristics of thin-film Ta2O5 insulator for ultra-large-scale integration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering were adapted to a stoichiometric study of thin Ta2O5 films deposited on Si substrates by means of the reactive sputtering (SP) and chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method. Before annealing the samples it was observed that (i) the atomic ratio of oxygen to tantalum in the SP films agreed with 5/2 within the experimental accuracy and (ii) the CVD films have less oxygen content than the other samples. The specimens were annealed for 30 min under the following three conditions: (a) in dry oxygen ambient at 800 °C; (b) in ozone atmosphere under ultraviolet irradiation (UV ozone) at 300 °C; and (c) two-step treatment of (a) after the (b) process. Each oxidizing process has shown a certain positive effect on the thin CVD samples. Among them, the two-step treatment has proven to be very effective to restore the stoichiometry of 5/2 in the CVD films. Additionally the thickness of contaminant carbon films on the surface of the samples has been reduced by annealing in the oxidizing atmosphere. The relationship between the chemical composition and the electric properties of the samples is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354120
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the gum chewing occlusal phase in children with primary dentition (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Understanding of the growth and development of mandibular function is indispensable to the diagnosis of functional disturbances during childhood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the occlusal phase during gum chewing in children with primary dentition. Chewing motion at the working molar of 14 children with primary dentition and 28 female adults was recorded optoelectrically, and the frontal and sagittal angles of their closing and following opening strokes were measured and compared. In children the closing strokes were entered more vertically and anteriorly than in adults, and the opening strokes shifted to the non-working side in adults but moved to the working side in children. The degree of variance also differed between the two groups; the variance of the frontal angle was larger than that of sagittal angle in adults, but the opposite was true in children. These results suggested that the chewing pattern in children during the occlusal phase is distinctly different from adults and the chewing movement in children is not always less stable than in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01263.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length of the occlusal glide during chewing in children with primary dentition (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Chewing is one of the most important functions of the mandible, but, to date, there are very few studies of this function in children. The purpose of this study was to quantify the length of the occlusal glide at the lower incisal point during gum chewing in children with primary dentition. Eleven girls with primary dentition were selected for this study. Mandibular excursions with occlusal contacts and gum chewing movement were measured using an optoelectronic system that can measure mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. A curved mesh diagram of incisor coordinates during mandibular excursions was established to calculate the length of the occlusal glide for each subject. The occlusal glide lengths of children were compared with previously reported results for adults. The estimated length of the occlusal glide during closing was significantly shorter in children than in adults, contrary to that during opening. This result suggests that children have a characteristic chewing pattern that differs from adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01162.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusal phase of gum-chewing strokes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The occlusal phase of chewing is especially interesting because food particles are being pulverized in this phase. For efficient chewing the upper and lower teeth must come together in a congruent fashion with less variation than in other phases. To examine this expectation the chewing motions of 28 women were recorded optoelectrically, and their frontal and sagittal angles of the closing and following opening strokes were measured at 3·0 mm (3-D linear distance) of opening. Closing strokes were more stable than opening strokes. The frontal angle was correlated with the sagittal angle during closing. The opening and closing sagittal angles were moderately correlated, and the opening and closing frontal angles were negatively correlated at the intersubject level. No direct association was found between the closing strokes and following opening strokes at the intra-subject level. These results suggest that closing strokes are more stable than opening strokes, resulting in efficient mastication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01182.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CMDME (curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion) method for visualization and diagnosis of mandibular movement (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The CMDME (curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion) method was developed for easy visualization and diagnosis of mandibular movement. This method uses measured mandibular movement to produce a diagram of the range, shape, and inclination of mandibular excursion in three dimensions using any arbitrary landmark of the mandible. First, the mandibular movement of a subject was measured by an opto-electronic movement analysis system capable of measuring mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. For the measurement, the subject was initially instructed to perform four repetitions of mandibular excursion at will, with tooth contact, each lasting 30 s. A total of 12 000 positions of the mandible were thus obtained. Secondly, an attempt was made to match these positions to intersection points (0·1 mm apart) of a CMDME (i.e. mesh) for arbitrary mandibular landmarks with intercuspal position at the origin. The CMDME method can visualize mandibular excursion, and can be used to compare several landmarks, different subjects, or different times. This makes this method an effective diagnostic tool for mandibular movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00289.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of protrusive and lateral excursions of the mandible in children with the primary dentition (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study characterizes the mandibular protrusive and lateral excursions of children with primary dentition. With use of a Selspot® system, the protrusive and lateral excursions of nine children with the primary dentition and nine adults with the permanent dentition were measured and compared. This system was able to analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject in three dimensions. Furthermore, the system proved appropriate for use in young children because of the small burden imposed on them during the measurements. Using this subject-friendly system, the directions of the mandibular excursion for five reference points on the mandibular dental arch at each measurement distance (i.e. at 0.5 mm intervals) for three projected angles (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) were calculated. From the results it was found that the excursions of the primary dentition can move more horizontally and more forward with small descent compared with the permanent dentition. The underlying reason for these findings may be physiological growth, maturation, and adaptation of the occlusal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1998.00236.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Assimilation of nitrogen dioxide in response to fumigation with 15N-labelled nitrogen dioxide was studied in 217 plant taxa. The taxa included 50 wild herbaceous plants collected from roadsides (42 genera, 15 families), 60 cultivated herbaceous plants (55 genera, 30 families) and 107 cultivated woody plants (74 genera, 45 families). Two parameters, the ‘NO2-N content’, or NO2-derived reduced nitrogen content in fumigated plant leaves (mg N g–1 dry weight), and the ‘NO2-utilization index’, or percentage of the NO2-derived reduced nitrogen in the total reduced nitrogen, were determined. The NO2-N content differed 657-fold between the highest (Eucalyptus viminalis; 6·57) and lowest (Tillandsia ionantha and T. caput-medusae; 0·01) values in the 217 taxa; 62-fold in a family (Theaceae) and 26-fold in a species (Solidago altissima). Nine species had NO2-utilization indices greater than 10%, of which Magnolia kobus, Eucalyptus viminalis, Populus nigra, Nicotiana tabacum and Erechtites hieracifolia had NO2-N contents 〉 4·9. These plants can be considered ‘NO2-philic’ because in them NO2-nitrogen has an important function(s). The Compositae and Myrtaceae had high values for both parameters, whereas the monocots and gymnosperms had low ones. These findings suggest that the metabolic pathway of NO2-nitrogen differs among plant species. The information presented here will be useful for creating a novel vegetation technology to reduce the atmospheric concentration of nitrogen dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00255.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in tracks between habitual open and close mandibular movements at the condyle in children (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although previous studies have paid much attention to the condylar movement in adults with permanent dentition, little attention has been paid to such movement in children. In this study, we therefore clarified the difference in habitual open and close movements at the condyle in children. Three groups of subjects were used; primary (10 children), early mixed (10 children), and permanent dentition (10 adults). The habitual open and close mandibular movement of each subject was measured using a TRIMET, which can three-dimensionally analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject. The measurements were then compared among the three groups. The three-dimensional analysis detected significant difference in all directions between children with primary dentition and adults with permanent dentition: primary dentition had the smallest anterior–posterior and superior–inferior directions, and the largest left–right direction. Coincidence of the open and close tracks occurred in the adults (adult group) but not in the children (primary and early-mixed dentition groups). The early-mixed dentition group showed tracks that were between those for the primary dentition group and the adult group. These results suggest that the regularity of the condylar track might be well established with dental development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00618.x
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