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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimal control of the sweeping process over polyhedral controlled sets (2015)
    Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: The paper addresses a new class of optimal control problems governed by the dissipative and discontinuous differential inclusion of the sweeping/Moreau process while using controls to determine the best shape of moving convex polyhedra in order to optimize the given Bolza-type functional, which depends on control and state variables as well as their velocities. Besides the highly non-Lipschitzian nature of the unbounded differential inclusion of the controlled sweeping process, the optimal control problems under consideration contain intrinsic state constraints of the inequality and equality types. All of this creates serious challenges for deriving necessary optimality conditions. We develop here the method of discrete approximations and combine it with advanced tools of first-order and second-order variational analysis and generalized differentiation. This approach allows us to establish constructive necessary optimality conditions for local minimizers of the controlled sweeping process expressed entirely in terms of the problem data under fairly unrestrictive assumptions. As a by-product of the developed approach, we prove the strong W1;2-convergence of optimal solutions of discrete approximations to a given local minimizer of the continuous-time system and derive necessary optimality conditions for the discrete counterparts. The established necessary optimality conditions for the sweeping process are illustrated by several examples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten, 389 kB)
    Series Statement: Preprint / Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik No. 2139
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fn16/868740217.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 39-40
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  • 2
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    Influenza A Viruses of Swine (IAV-S) in Vietnam from 2010 to 2015: Multiple Introductions of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses into the Pig Population and Diversifying Genetic Constellations of Enzootic IAV-S [Genetic Diversity and Evolution] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-17
    Description: Active surveillance of influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) involving 262 farms and 10 slaughterhouses in seven provinces in northern and southern Vietnam from 2010 to 2015 yielded 388 isolates from 32 farms; these viruses were classified into H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes. Whole-genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates represented 15 genotypes, according to the genetic constellation of the eight segments. All of the H1N1 viruses were entirely A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, whereas all of the H1N2 and H3N2 viruses were reassortants among 5 distinct ancestral viruses: H1 and H3 triple-reassortant (TR) IAV-S that originated from North American pre-2009 human seasonal H1, human seasonal H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Notably, 93% of the reassortant IAV-S retained M genes that were derived from A(H1N1)pdm09, suggesting some advantage in terms of their host adaptation. Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis revealed that multiple introductions of A(H1N1)pdm09 and TR IAV-S into the Vietnamese pig population have driven the genetic diversity of currently circulating Vietnamese IAV-S. In addition, our results indicate that a reassortant IAV-S with human-like H3 and N2 genes and an A(H1N1)pdm09 origin M gene likely caused a human case in Ho Chi Minh City in 2010. Our current findings indicate that human-to-pig transmission as well as cocirculation of different IAV-S have contributed to diversifying the gene constellations of IAV-S in Vietnam. IMPORTANCE This comprehensive genetic characterization of 388 influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) isolated through active surveillance of Vietnamese pig farms from 2010 through 2015 provides molecular epidemiological insight into the genetic diversification of IAV-S in Vietnam after the emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Multiple reassortments among A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and enzootic IAV-S yielded 14 genotypes, 9 of which carried novel gene combinations. The reassortants that carried M genes derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses became predominant, replacing those of the IAV-S that had been endemic in Vietnam since 2011. Notably, one of the novel reassortants likely caused a human case in Vietnam. Given that Vietnam is the second-largest pig-producing country in Asia, continued monitoring of IAV-S is highly important from the viewpoints of both the swine industry and human public health.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 3
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    HLA Class I-Mediated HIV-1 Control in Vietnamese Infected with HIV-1 Subtype A/E [Pathogenesis and Immunity] (2018)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-14
    Description: HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in the control of HIV-1 subtype B or C infection. However, the role of CTLs in HIV-1 subtype A/E infection still remains unclear. Here we investigated the association of HLA class I alleles with clinical outcomes in treatment-naive Vietnamese infected with subtype A/E virus. We found that HLA-C*12:02 was significantly associated with lower plasma viral loads (pVL) and higher CD4 counts and that the HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 haplotype was significantly associated with higher pVL and lower CD4 counts than those for individuals without these respective genotypes. Nine Pol and three Nef mutations were associated with at least one HLA allele in the HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 haplotype, with a strong negative correlation between the number of HLA-associated Pol mutations and CD4 count as well as a positive correlation with pVL for individuals with these HLA alleles. The results suggest that the accumulation of mutations selected by CTLs restricted by these HLA alleles affects HIV control. IMPORTANCE Most previous studies on HLA association with disease progression after HIV-1 infection have been performed on cohorts infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C, whereas few such population-based studies have been reported for cohorts infected with the Asian subtype A/E virus. In this study, we analyzed the association of HLA class I alleles with clinical outcomes for 536 HIV-1 subtype A/E-infected Vietnamese individuals. We found that HLA-C*12:02 is protective, while the HLA haplotype HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 is deleterious. The individuals with HIV-1 mutations associated with at least one of the HLA alleles in the deleterious HLA haplotype had higher plasma viral loads and lower CD4 counts than those of individuals without the mutations, suggesting that viral adaptation and escape from HLA-mediated immune control occurred. The present study identifies a protective allele and a deleterious haplotype for HIV-1 subtype A/E infection which are different from those identified for cohorts infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 4
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    The mean dynamic topography model MDTVN2020 on the Vietnamese sea surface (2021)
    In:  Abstracts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensional viscosity of dilute polystyrene solutions: Effect of concentration and molecular weight (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1296-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports a detailed investigation of the steady shear and extensional properties of mono-disperse polystyrene solutions for a range of molecular weights from 1.95 to 20 million and a range of concentrations from 69 ppm to 777 ppm. The steady shear and dynamic properties are reasonably well described by the Zimm model. The relaxation time and polymer viscosity evaluated using the Zimm model exhibit the expected scaling with concentration and molecular weight for theta solutions. In an extensional flow, these solutions show strain hardening and need about 5.5 to 6 strain units to reach steady state. The stress growth depends both on strain rate and strain. However, at moderate values of strain and when the Weissenberg number exceeds 6, the extensional stress growth depends only on total strain. The steady state extensional viscosity for each fluid was observed to depend on the magnitude of Weissenberg number (Wi). For Wi〈6, the steady state extensional viscosity was observed to be an increasing function of the strain rate. At a Wi∼10, the steady state extensional viscosity exhibits a maximum and surprisingly, for Wi〉10, the steady state extensional viscosity is a decreasing function of the strain rate. The results indicate that even dilute solutions, with concentrations as low as 0.21 times the critical concentration, do show extension thinning under certain conditions. The transient and steady state extensional viscosities are found to be proportional to molecular weight (Mw) and concentration (c). This result is rather unexpected as the Zimm model would predict a scaling with c and Mw0.5 for the transient viscosity and scaling with c and Mw1.5 for the steady state viscosity. On the other hand, the Rouse model predicts a scaling with c and Mw (for transient extensional viscosity) and with c and Mw2 (for steady state extensional viscosity). Hence the data appear to follow a Rouse-like behavior for the transient viscosity. This implies that the advent of the stretching reduces the hydrodynamic interaction and a free draining behavior is obtained. As a result, predictions using the Zimm model parameters, estimated from shear data, are unable to predict the transient extensional viscosity. The data are analyzed using a constitutive equation that incorporates an anisotropic drag coefficient along with a Rouse spectrum of relaxation time. Such a model captures the extensional behavior of the solutions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870383
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are Several G Proteins Involved in the Different Effects of Endothelin-1 in Mouse Striatal Astrocytes? (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 56 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: High-affinity specific receptors of endothelin (ET-1) were identified on primary cultures of mouse embryo striatal astrocytes by binding experiments performed with 125I-ET-1. Stimulation of production of inositol phosphates, a biphasic increase of the intracellular calcium concentration, and inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation were observed in the same cells under ET-1 stimulation. Pretreatment of these cells with Bordetella pertussis toxin affected these effects to different extends, an observation suggesting that they are mediated by multiple transduction pathways, possibly involving several guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb11421.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel delayed rectifier potassium channel from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): expression in taste buds (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 76 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gustatory system of channel catfish is widely studied for its sensitivity to amino acids. As a first step in identifying the molecular components that play a role in taste transduction in catfish, we cloned the full-length cDNA for Kv2-catfish, a novel K+ channel that is expressed in taste buds. The deduced amino acid sequence is 816 residues, and shares a 56–59% sequence identity with Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, the other members of the vertebrate Kv2 subfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. The Kv2-catfish RNA was expressed in taste buds, brain, skeletal muscle, kidney, intestine and gills, and its gene is represented as a single copy in the catfish genome. Recombinant channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were selective for K+, and were inhibited by tetraethylammonium applied to the extracellular side of the membrane during two-electrode voltage clamp analysis with a 50% inhibitory constant of 6.1 mm. The channels showed voltage-dependent activation, and did not inactivate within 200 ms. Functionally, Kv2-catfish is a voltage-gated, delayed rectifier K+ channel, and its primary structure is the most divergent sequence identified among the vertebrate members of the Kv2 subfamily of K+ channels, being related equally well to Kv2.1 and Kv2.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00137.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cesium telluride photocathodes (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6031-6038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathodes, with quantum efficiencies (QEs) of 15%–18% at 251 nm, were fabricated by vapor deposition of Te and Cs onto a Mo substrate and used as an electron source for the Los Alamos Advanced Free-Electron Laser. In the fabrication chamber, the spectral response from 251 to 578 nm was measured before and after a controlled exposure of several photocathodes to air. The 251-nm QE dropped by about a factor of 20 when exposed to 2×10−4 Torr of air for 1 h. Heating degraded photocathodes to 150–200 °C partially rejuvenated their QEs to about 60% of the value before air exposure. The performance of Cs2Te as a source of electrons for accelerators was evaluated in the photoinjector stage of the Advanced Free-Electron Laser. The response time, saturation level, and dark current of cesium telluride photocathodes and the emittance and energy spread of the resulting electron beam were determined to be sufficient for free electron laser applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359188
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced energy loss of short pulses of electrons in plasma (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2822-2825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The enhancement of energy loss of short pulses of electrons in plasma has been experimentally observed. An enhancement of up to 3.5×104 over single-particle losses was observed when a 15 ps electron bunch was injected into a preformed target plasma with an electron density of approximately 1013 cm−3. This matches the theoretical prediction that the energy loss should be enhanced when the temporal duration of the electron bunch is approximately equal to π/ωpe, where ωpe is the plasma frequency of the target plasma. 2D numerical simulations are in good agreement with the observations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of SF6 ions with a Gerdien ion counter (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 924-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Densities of the negative and positive ions of SF6 in a 110-liter Pyrex container were measured using a Gerdien ion counter. The current-voltage characteristics were obtained for gas flows ranging from 40 to 200 cm3 s−1. A quantitative model of the counter was developed to interpret the measured data. The model includes appropriate representation of the developing gas flow and the electric field distribution near the ends of the accelerating electrode. The best-fit value for the negative-ion mobility was μn =0.38 cm2 V−1 s−1, as derived from a comparison of the calculated and the measured characteristics. The mobility of the positive ions was found to equal that of the negative ions within the limits of dispersion of experimental data. The negative-ion density at a pressure of 760 Torr evaluated at the counter entry plane was 3000 cm−3; the value of the positive-ion density was practically identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337333
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