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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Women (2000)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 11 (2000), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Key words: Artificial – Female – Incontinence – Sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Persistent urinary incontinence after failed surgical repair can be successfully treated with the artificial urinary sphincter. The English literature was reviewed from 1985 to 1996. Eleven articles and abstracts addressing placement of the artificial urinary sphincter in women were identified. Discussion includes two operative techniques. Success rates were in the range of 91%–99%. Erosion rates were 7%–29%. The artificial urinary sphincter is an effective treatment for women failing other procedures. Appropriate work-up and diagnosis for type III stress urinary incontinence is crucial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001920070045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparison (2016)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-03
    Description: In the framework of the World Meteorological Organisation's Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System, we evaluated the predictions of five state-of-the-art dust forecast models during an intense Saharan dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe in April 2011. We assessed the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the dust cloud with lead times of up to 72 h using observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and dust surface concentrations from a ground-based measurement network. In addition, the predicted vertical dust distribution was evaluated with vertical extinction profiles from the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). To assess the diversity in forecast capability among the models, the analysis was extended to wind field (both surface and profile), synoptic conditions, emissions and deposition fluxes. Models predict the onset and evolution of the AOD for all analysed lead times. On average, differences among the models are larger than differences among lead times for each individual model. In spite of large differences in emission and deposition, the models present comparable skill for AOD. In general, models are better in predicting AOD than near-surface dust concentration over the Iberian Peninsula. Models tend to underestimate the long-range transport towards northern Europe. Our analysis suggests that this is partly due to difficulties in simulating the vertical distribution dust and horizontal wind. Differences in the size distribution and wet scavenging efficiency may also account for model diversity in long-range transport.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Melt inclusion evidence for magma evolution at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Geofluids
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-06
    Description: Mutnovsky Volcano, located in Kamchatka, Russia, is a young volcano that has formed a series of four overlapping stratocones over its approximately 80 ka history. Erupted products at Mutnovsky range in composition from basalts to dacites; basalts are the most common. In this study, melt inclusions from representative samples of all erupted compositions from all four eruptive centers were analyzed to investigate the causes of the compositional heterogeneity, melt evolution, and pre-eruptive magma dynamics. Melt inclusions from Mutnovsky were sampled in olivine, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene. The melt inclusion data represent a wide range of melt compositions, from basalt through rhyolite. Geochemical modeling of melt inclusion data, combined with field evidence and chemical zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts, indicates that fractional crystallization and magma mixing produced the range of erupted bulk rock compositions. The measured variability of melt inclusion compositions in each host mineral phase indicates that different host minerals trapped unique melts that evolved separately from one another. The melt inclusion data suggest that individual melt portions evolved by fractional crystallization, perhaps in different magma chambers, within the Mutnovsky plumbing system, and were mixed prior to eruption. Our data do not indicate whether the mixing events were the cause of eruption or are simply the manifestation of the eruption process. Melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts represent a wide range of melt compositions, from basalt through rhyolite. Melt inclusion data, combined with field evidence and chemical zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts, indicate that fractional crystallization and magma mixing produced the range of erupted bulk rock compositions. The melt inclusion data suggest that individual melt portions evolved by fractional crystallization, perhaps in different magma chambers, within the Mutnovsky plumbing system, and were mixed prior to eruption.
    Print ISSN: 1468-8115
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-8123
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) regulate DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) phosphorylation in mitosis (2014)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-21
    Description: The protein kinase activity of the DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and its autophosphorylation are critical for DNA double strand break repair via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Recent studies have shown that depletion or inactivation of DNA-PKcs kinase activity also results in mitotic defects. DNA-PKcs is autophosphorylated on Ser-2056, Thr-2647 and Thr-2609 in mitosis and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs localize to centrosomes, mitotic spindles and the midbody. DNA-PKcs also interacts with protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), and PP6 has been shown to dephosphorylate Aurora A kinase in mitosis. Here, we report that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated on Ser-3205 and Thr-3950 in mitosis. Phosphorylation of Thr-3950 is DNA-PK-dependent whereas phosphorylation of Ser-3205 requires polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Moreover, PLK1 phosphorylates DNA-PKcs on Ser-3205 in vitro and interacts with DNA-PKcs in mitosis. In addition, PP6 dephosphorylates DNA-PKcs at Ser-3205 in mitosis and after IR. DNA-PKcs also phosphorylates Chk2 on Thr-68 in mitosis and both phosphorylation of Chk2 and autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs in mitosis occur in the apparent absence of Ku and DNA damage. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the roles of DNA-PKcs and PP6 in mitosis and suggest that DNA-PKcs’ role in mitosis may be mechanistically distinct from its well-established role in NHEJ.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    1850-2014 volcanic impacts on global climate: Comparison of interactive and prescribed aerosol implementations in the UK Earth System Model (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Stratospheric volcanic aerosol forcing is one of the main natural drivers of climate variability, but historical volcanic forcing reconstructions are subject to large uncertainties and are heterogeneous. For phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the recommended stratospheric aerosol dataset for 1850-1978 is derived from a mixture of (among other sources): i) aerosol properties derived from a 2-dimensional, offline aerosol model driven by a relatively old volcanic sulfur dioxide emission inventory; ii) uncertain and local pyrheliometric measurements. To make progress, we run fully coupled historical simulations using the UK Earth System Model UKESM1. Instead of prescribing the CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol properties (referred to as prescribed runs, hereafter), we input one of the most recent volcanic SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emission inventories into UKESM1, which interactively calculates stratospheric aerosol optical properties using the model chemistry, microphysics and atmospheric components in a fully consistent way. Averaged globally over 1850-2014, our interactive runs suggest that explosive eruptions exerted a radiative forcing of -0.06 W/m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 associated with a cooling of -0.12 〈sup〉o〈/sup〉C and ocean heat content loss of 70 ZJ. Analysis of 1963-2014 volcanic impacts on large scale climate metrics, such as global mean temperature and precipitation, shows reasonable agreement between our interactive runs, prescribed runs and available observations. Over the period 1850 to 1915, the interactive runs predict a much stronger forcing and climate response to volcanic eruptions compared to prescribed runs, including for Krakatau in 1883. We discuss these differences considering uncertainties in volcanic and climate records.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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