Keywords:
Acoustical engineering.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This translation of the standard German handbook offers practical help for solving acoustic problems. Coverage includes the origin, transmission and methods of abatement of air-borne and structure-borne sound, from traffic to machinery and flow induced sound.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (703 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783540694601
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=972899
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Handbook of Engineering Acoustics -- Preface -- From the Preface to the Second Edition of the"Taschenbuch der Technischen Akustik" -- Contents -- 1: Fundamentals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Level and Measurement Quantities -- 1.3 Fundamentals of System Theory -- 1.3.1 Description with Impulse Response Function -- 1.3.2 Pure Tones (Time Convention) -- 1.3.3 Description with Frequency Response Function -- 1.4 Fundamentals of Wave Propagation -- 1.5 Sound Energy and Power Transport in Gases -- 1.6 Sound Radiation -- 1.6.1 Compact Sources -- 1.6.2 Radiation from Plane Structures -- 1.6.3 The General Radiation Problem -- 1.7 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Sound in Solids -- 1.8 Waves in Solids with Limiting Edges -- 1.8.1 Waves and Near Fields -- 1.8.2 Rayleigh Wave -- 1.8.3 Thick Plates, Horizontally Layered Continua -- 1.8.4 Thin Plates and Thin Beams -- 1.8.5 Longitudinal, Torsion, Shear Waves and Waves in Strings -- 1.9 Excitation of Structure-Borne Sound -- 1.9.1 Impedances of Infinite Structures -- 1.9.2 Excitation of Limited Systems -- 1.9.3 Wave Impedances -- 1.10 Damping -- 1.11 The Principle of Reciprocity -- References -- 2: Acoustic Measurements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Microphones and Loudspeakers -- 2.2.1 Condenser Measurement Microphones -- 2.2.2 Sound Velocity Measurement -- 2.2.3 Vibration Sensors -- 2.2.4 Microphone Calibration -- 2.2.4.1 Sound Calibrators -- 2.2.4.2 Comparison Methods -- 2.2.4.3 Reciprocity Calibration -- 2.2.5 Intensity Probes -- 2.2.6 Loudspeakers -- 2.2.6.1 Special Measurement Loudspeakers -- 2.3 Sound Level Measurement and Rating -- 2.3.1 Averaging Times -- 2.3.2 Frequency Rating -- 2.3.3 Precision -- 2.3.4 Bandpass Filters -- 2.4 FFT-Analysis -- 2.4.1 Sampling of Measurement Signals -- 2.4.2 Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) -- 2.4.3 Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT).
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2.4.4 Possible Measurement Errors -- 2.4.5 Zoom FFT -- 2.4.6 Advanced Signal Analysis -- 2.5 Measurement of Transfer Functions and Impulse Responses -- 2.5.1 2-Channel-FFT Technique -- 2.5.2 Swept-Sinusoidal Signals -- 2.5.3 Correlation Technique -- 2.5.4 Maximum Length Sequences -- 2.5.4.1 Hadamard Transformation -- 2.5.5 Sources of Errors in Digital Measurement Techniques -- 2.5.5.1 Background Noise -- 2.5.5.2 Non-Linearities -- 2.5.5.3 Time Variances -- 2.6 Measurement Facilities -- 2.6.1 Anechoic Chamber -- 2.6.2 Reverberation Room -- 2.7 Sample Applications -- 2.7.1 Absorption and Impedance -- 2.7.1.1 Classical Method (Kundt Tube) -- 2.7.1.2 Two-Microphone Method -- 2.7.2 Modal Analysis -- 2.7.3 Reciprocal Measurement of Sound Radiation -- References -- 3: Numerical Acoustics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Discretisation of Differential Equations -- 3.3 Integral Equations -- 3.4 Statistical Methods -- 3.5 Asymptotic Methods -- 4: The Effects of Sound on Humans -- 4.1 Physiological Aspects -- 4.1.1 The Ear -- 4.1.2 The Auditory Pathway -- 4.2 Perception -- 4.2.1 General Psychoacoustic Approaches -- 4.2.1.1 Loudness -- 4.2.1.2 Pitch -- 4.2.1.3 Pitch Strength -- 4.2.1.4 Sharpness -- 4.2.1.5 Tonality -- 4.2.1.6 Roughness -- 4.2.1.7 Fluctuation Strength -- 4.2.1.8 Other Psychoacoustic Perception Dimensions -- 4.2.2 Specific Psychological Approaches -- 4.2.2.1 Semantic Differential -- 4.2.3 Localisation -- 4.3 Health Hazards Associated with Noise -- 4.3.1 Aural Disorders -- 4.3.1.1 Communication Problems -- 4.3.1.2 Hearing Impairment (Noise-induced Deafness) -- 4.3.1.3 Tinnitus -- 4.3.2 Extraaural Impairment -- 4.3.2.1 Sleep and the Consequences of Sleeping Disturbances -- Effects of Noise on Sleep -- 4.3.2.2 Impaired Concentration and Performance -- 4.3.3 Annoyance -- 4.3.4 Cardiovascular Illnesses -- 4.4 Non-acoustic Factors (Moderators) -- References.
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5: Noise Emission Assessment -- 5.1 Basic Description and Standardisation -- 5.1.1 Basic Physical Quantities -- 5.1.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1.2 Sound Power, Sound Power Level, A-Weighted Sound Power, Sound Power in Frequency Bands -- 5.1.1.2.1 Sound Power Description for Sound Sources Under Free-Field Conditions -- 5.1.1.2.2 Sound Power Description for Sound Sources Under Approximate Free Field Conditions in the Presence of Parasitic Noises -- 5.1.1.2.3 Sound Power Description for Sound Sources Under Reverberant Conditions -- 5.1.1.2.4 Sound Power Description for a Sound Source Radiating Its Structure Borne Noise into the Surrounding Air -- 5.1.1.3 Measurement Surface Sound Pressure Level and Measurement Surface Index -- 5.1.1.4 Additional Data Describing Noises Varying in Time and Space -- 5.1.1.5 Emission Sound Pressure Level -- 5.1.1.6 Further Emission Quantities -- 5.1.2 Measurement Procedures for Emission Quantities -- 5.1.2.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2.2 Frame Measurement Procedures -- 5.1.2.2.5 General -- 5.1.2.2.6 Sound Pressure Enveloping Surface Measurement Under Approximated Free Field Conditions -- Uncertainty of Sound Power Determinated In Situ According to Sound Pressure Enveloping Surface Method -- 5.1.2.2.7 Measurements in Reverberation Rooms -- Reverberant Measurement According Class 2 -- Sound Power Determination in Reverberant Rooms: Uncertainties and Some General Rules -- 5.1.2.2.8 Sound Power Measurement With the Help of a Calibrated Reference Sound Source (Absolute Comparison Test) -- 5.1.2.2.9 Sound Intensity Measurements -- 5.1.2.2.10 Noise Declaration and Comparison of Noise Emission Data -- 5.1.2.3 Machinery Specific Emission Test Codes -- 5.2 Measurement of Noise Emissions In Situ -- 5.2.1 Practical Aspects in the Application of Existing Measuring Methods -- 5.2.1.1 Airborne Sound Measurements with Omnidirectional Microphones.
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5.2.1.2 Airborne Sound Measurements with Directional Microphones -- 5.2.1.3 Sound Pressure Measurements with Pressure Transducers -- 5.2.1.4 Structure-Borne Sound Measurements -- Acceleration Measurements -- Noncontact Vibration Measuring Methods -- 5.2.2 In-Situ Measurement of the Noise Emission of Individual Sound Sources -- 5.2.2.1 Machines -- 5.2.2.2 Measurements at Openings, Chimneys, Pipes, and Ducts -- 5.2.3 Measurements of the Noise Emission of Extensive Sound Sources -- 5.2.3.1 Window Method -- 5.2.3.2 Perimeter Path Method -- 5.2.3.3 Approximation Method -- References -- 6: Sound Propagation Outdoors -- 6.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 6.2 Lossless Sound Propagation -- 6.2.1 Unlimited Sound Field -- 6.2.2 Sound Source Over Ground, Reflection -- 6.2.3 Screening by Barriers -- 6.2.4 Diffuse Scattering -- 6.3 Excess Attenuation by Absorption (Dissipation) of Air -- 6.4 Influence of Ground Conditions, Natural Cover, and Buildings on the Sound Propagation -- 6.4.1 Excess Attenuation During Sound Propagation Over Ground and Natural Cover -- 6.4.2 Excess Attenuation During Sound Propagation Through Natural Cover -- 6.4.3 Excess Attenuation by Buildings -- 6.5 Influence of Inhomogeneities of Air -- 6.5.1 Wind-Speed Gradient -- 6.5.2 Temperature Gradient -- 6.5.3 Turbulence -- 6.6 Sound Immission Calculation -- 6.6.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 6.6.2 Calculation According to ISO 9613-2 -- 6.6.3 Limitations -- References -- 7: Sound Insulation in Buildings -- 7.1 Airborne Sound Insulation -- 7.1.1 Characteristics -- 7.1.2 Measurements -- 7.1.3 Behaviour of Single Partitions -- 7.1.3.1 Basic Behaviour -- 7.1.3.2 Behaviour of Existing Partitions -- 7.1.4 Behaviour of Double-Layer Partitions -- 7.1.4.1 Basic Behaviour -- 7.1.4.2 Design of the Intermediate Layer -- 7.1.4.3 Sound Bridges -- 7.1.4.4 Importance of Flexible Layers -- 7.1.4.5 Double Walls in Practice.
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7.1.4.6 Acoustical Linings -- 7.1.4.7 Windows -- 7.1.5 Flanking Sound Transmission in Solid Buildings -- 7.1.5.1 Determination of the Flanking Sound Reduction Index -- 7.1.5.2 Simplified Determination of Flanking Sound Insulation -- 7.1.5.3 Influence of the Mass Per Unit Area of Flanking Partitions -- 7.1.5.4 Simplified Determination of Rw -- 7.1.5.5 Special Cases -- 7.1.5.6 Potential Improvements -- 7.1.6 Leakages -- 7.1.6.1 Simple Slits -- 7.1.6.2 Sealing Materials -- 7.1.6.3 Acoustic Filters -- 7.2 Impact Sound Insulation -- 7.2.1 Characterisation and Measurement of Ceilings -- 7.2.2 Characterisation of Floor Coverings -- 7.2.3 Behaviour of Ceilings Without Floor Covering -- 7.2.4 Behaviour of Flexible Coverings -- 7.2.5 Behaviour of Floating Floors -- 7.2.6 Behaviour of Common Solid Floors with Floating Floors -- 7.2.7 Calculation of Impact Sound Insulation -- 7.3 Building Service Installations -- 7.3.1 Water Installations -- 7.3.1.1 Characterisation of Noise Caused by Armatures -- 7.3.1.2 Noise Generation -- 7.3.1.3 Pipe Insulation -- 7.3.1.4 Structure-Borne Sound Transmission in the Building -- 7.3.2 Lift Systems -- References -- Standards and Regulations -- 8: Sound Absorbers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sound Absorption for Noise Control and Room Acoustics -- 8.3 Passive Absorbers -- 8.3.1 Fibrous Materials -- 8.3.2 Open-Pore Foams -- 8.3.3 Porous Construction Materials -- 8.4 Reactive Absorbers in Closed Spaces -- 8.5 Panel Absorbers -- 8.5.1 Foil Absorbers -- 8.5.2 Panel Resonators -- 8.5.3 Compound Panel Absorbers -- 8.6 Perforated Panel Absorbers -- 8.6.1 Perforate Surface Absorbers -- 8.6.2 Slitted Panel Absorbers -- 8.6.3 Membrane Absorbers -- 8.7 Interference Silencers -- 8.7.1 Quarter-Wavelength Resonators -- 8.7.2 Half-Wavelength Resonators -- 8.7.3 Pipe Silencers -- 8.8 Active Resonators -- 8.9 Micro-Perforated Absorbers.
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8.9.1 Micro-Perforated Plates.
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