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  • 1
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 1988 ; Mineralogie ; Absorptionsspektroskopie ; Spektroskopie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XIX, 294 S , graph. Darst
    ISBN: 0444887997
    DDC: 549'.125
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Roma : Accademia Nationale dei Lincei | Washington, DC : Mineralogical Soc. of America [u.a.]
    Keywords: Mica Congresses ; Mica crystals Congresses ; Metamorphism (Geology) Congresses ; micas ; Geochemie ; Mineralogie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Glimmer ; Mineralogie ; Kristallographie ; Mineralchemie ; Kristallstruktur ; Metamorphose
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XIII, 499 S , Ill., graph. Darst
    ISBN: 0939950588
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry 46
    DDC: 553.674
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Invited plenary lectures of an international meeting convened in Rome on November 2 - 3, 2000
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 234-242 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy studies have been carried out on the electronic and crystal structure environments around the Al atom in Na+ β-alumina and in two β-aluminas with Na+ exchanged by Li+ and Rb+. The aim is to define the type of interaction, if any, existing between the Al located in the `spinel block' and the fast-conducting cations in the `conduction plane'. Na+ β′′-alumina has also been studied for comparison. All β-alumina spectra differ from that of α-alumina (corundum) by showing additional features due to the presence of tetrahedral Al. Moreover, they all show a much greater degree of local disorder. There are definite, but small, interactions between tetrahedral Al (and, possibly, also octahedral Al) in the `spinel block' and the Na+ and Rb+ cations in the `conduction plane'; Na+ and Rb+ β-aluminas have similar Al K-edge XANES features, but with intensities that change in relation to the weight of the `conduction plane' atom. Despite differences in composition and structure, Na+ β′′-alumina shows the same behaviour, thus confirming the substantial similarity of the Al local environments. Li+-exchanged β-alumina has an Al K-edge XANES spectrum that apparently differs from all others, but actually conveys the same basic information. Indeed, interaction between Al and Li is much greater than in any other β-alumina because Li+ moves laterally off the `conduction plane' to become close to a facing tetrahedral Al, and strongly interacts with it. Thus, this study also draws attention to the fact that β-aluminas react differently to alkali exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 966-968 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Synthetic orthopyroxenes in the join enstatite - ferrosilite (Mg2Si2O6-Fe2Si2O6) have been studied by XANES with the aim to interpret the variations found in the spectra and evaluate the effects of the Mg-Fe substitution in the orthopyroxene (OPX) structure. The experimental Fe- and Mg-K edge XANES spectra show variations of the peaks intensity as a function of the chemical composition of the samples along the EN-FS join. In the region of the Fe edge, the intensity ratio between peak A and B (IB/IA) varies linearly (R=0.99) with the Mg/Fe substitution. Multiple scattering calculation have been performed both at the Fe and Mg K-edge, to study the geometrical modifications of the M1 and M2 octahedral sites induced by the Mg-Fe substitutions. The spectra, obtained locating Fe (or Mg) in both M1 and M2 and weighing the contributions using the occupancy data for the M1 and M2 sites determined by XRD, allow to discriminate the effects to the total spectrum due to Fe (Mg) located in each sites separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray absorption fine spectra at the Al K edge were measured experimentally and calculated theoretically via the multiple-scattering formalism for chemically pure and physically perfect synthetic α-Al2O3 (α-alumina), natural ruby/sapphire (corundum) and a series of artificial corundums produced for technical purposes and used as geochemical standards. The Al K-edge spectra differ, despite the identical coordination (short-range arrangement) assumed by O around Al, and vary slightly in relation to the slightly different chemistries of the materials (substitutional defects) as well as on account of the location taken by foreign atoms in the structural lattices (positional defects). A quantitative treatment of the observed changes is made in terms of short-range distortion of the coordination polyhedron and of medium- to long-range modifications in the overall structure, both induced by substitutions. In some technical corundums, the impurities of admixed β-alumina, where Al is both in fourfold and sixfold coordination, produce another small but detectable effect on Al K edges. Therefore, XAFS spectroscopy proves its potential for both measuring a light element such as Al and detecting minor coordination changes and dilute substitutions (∼1–3 wt% as oxide) of the absorber by other atoms, at least under the favourable conditions occurring in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract New K-Ar age determinations on the gneisses and schists of the south-Alpine basement of the Orobic Alps and their separated minerals have been carried out to supplement and support the previous study ofBocchio et al. (1981). The cooling ages of biotites and muscovites range from 218 to 331 my and from 170 to 330 my respectively, according to a bimodal distribution with modes at 222 and 298 my for biotite, 182 and 322 my for muscovite. The whole rock ages spread from 43 to 402 my with no significant cluster. Only a few samples give statistically significant internal isochrones, and these suggest two periods of equilibration, at 226–245 and 312–368 my. These age determinations support the conclusion drawn from regional petrologic studies (Bocchio et al., 1980;Crespi et al., 1980), that the south-Alpine basement underwent two main phases of metamorphism, now preferentially preserved in different areas: an old, Hercynian phase under a regime of intermediate pressure (staur-ky type), and a young, post-Hercynian phase under a regime of low pressure (staur-sill type) reactivated by the cover of the thick sedimentary pile on top of the basement. Furthermore, radiometric ages also point out the widespread but irregularly distributed occurence of an alpine overprint under the conditions of a very low metamorphic regime, that is documented by the growth of post-kinematic stilpnomelane in rocks of suitable bulk composition (Crespi et al., 1981, 1982), as well as by fine-grained phengite.
    Abstract: Résumé De nouvelles déterminations d'âge par la méthode K-Ar ont été effectuées sur les gneiss et les schistes du socle sudalpin des Alpes Orobiques, ainsi que sur certains de leurs minéraux, en complément aux travaux antérieurs deBocchio et al. (1981). L'âge du refroidissement des biotites s'étend de 210 à 331 Ma et celui des muscovites de 170 à 330 Ma, selon une distribution bimodale: modes à 222 à 298 Ma pour la biotite et à 183 et 322 Ma pour la muscovite. Les âges mesurés sur roche totale vont de 43 à 402 Ma sans concentration significative autour d'une valeur. Un petit nombre d'échantillons seulement fournissent des isochrones statistiquement significatives; elles suggèrent deux périodes de mise en équilibre, à 226–245 Ma et à 312–368 Ma. Ces déterminations d'âge appuient les conclusions d'études pétrologiques régionales antérieures (Bocchio et al. 1980;Crespi et al. 1980), à savoir que le socle sud-alpin a subi deux phases principales de métamorphisme, conservées aujourd'hui dans de régions différentes: une phase ancienne, hercynienne, de pression intermédiaire (type staurotide-disthène) et une phase jeune, post-hercynienne, de basse pression (type staurotide-sillimanite) réactivée sous la couverture sédimentaire épaisse reposant sur le socle. De plus, les âges radiométriques mettent en évidence une reprise alpine, d'extension régionale mais irrégulièrement distribuée, dans les conditions d'un métamorphisme de très faible degré. Cette reprise s'exprime par la croissance de stilpnomélane post-cinématique dans les roches de composition appropriée (Crespi et al. 1981, 1982) ainsi que par le développement de phengite finement grenue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neue Kali-Argon-Datierungen von Gneisen und Schiefern und ihrer abgetrennten Minerale des südalpinen Grundgebirges wurden in Ergänzung der Studie vonBocchio et al., 1981 durchgeführt. Die Abkühlungsalter der Biotite und Muskovite reichen von 218 bis 331 ma und von 170 bis 330 ma entsprechend einer bimodalen Entwicklung mit Modalwerten bei 222 und 298 ma für Biotit und 182 und 322 ma für Muskovit. Die Gesamtgesteinsalter reichen von 43–402 ma ohne signifikante Häufung. Nur wenige Proben geben eine statistisch signifikante Isochrone, woraus sich zwei Gleichgewichtsperioden zwischen 226–245 ma und 312–368 ma ablesen lassen. Diese Altersbestimmungen unterstützen die Schlußfolgerungen, die aus regional-petrologischen Studien (Bocchio et al., 1980;Crespi et al., 1980) gezogen wurden und die Aussagen, daß das südalpine Grundgebirge zwei Hauptphasen der Metamorphose mitgemacht hat, die heute in verschiedenen Gebieten erhalten sind: eine ältere herzynische Phase unter mittleren Druckbedingungen (Staur-Ky) und eine jüngere postherzynische Phase unter niedrigem Druck (Staur-Sil), die unter der Überdeckung einer mächtigen Sedimentserie über dem Grundgebirge reaktiviert wurde. Darüber hinaus deuten die radiometrischen Alter auf einen weit verteilten, aber unregelmäßig auftretenden alpinen Einfluß hin, der unter den Bedingungen einer sehr niedrigen Metamorphose aufgeprägt wurde. Dies wird dokumentiert durch das Wachstum postkinematischer Stilpnomelane in Gesteinen mit einer entsprechenden Zusammensetzung (Crespi et al., 1981, 1982) sowie von feinkörnigen Phenigiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculated the forsterite Mg K-edge and the fayalite Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectra both for the M 1 and M 2 sites and for the overall edge by using the one-electron multiple-scattering theory. The validity of the theoretical model is well illustrated by comparison of calculations with experimental data at the Mg K-edge of MgO (periclase) and at the Mg and Fe K-edges spectra of forsterite and fayalite. Starting from these results at room conditions, we calculated the Mg and Fe K-edges X-ray absorption spectra of forsterite and fayalite at low and high temperatures and at high pressures as well. Variations of fine structures occur mostly in the intermediate multiple scattering (IMS) regions and as a result of the applied pressure. In order to demonstrate the capability of XAS to lead to deeper knowledge of structure relevant to Earth's upper mantle we also attempted calcuating the high-P edge for Fe 2+ in low-spin using a different occupation of valence electrons. If a change in spin state really occurs in fayalite, our simple model shows that XAS would evidence it easily even with low resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 24 (1997), S. 500-509 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  X-ray absorption Na K-edge spectra have been recorded on synthetic endmember jadeite and on a series of natural Ca-Na pyroxenes compositionally straddling the Jd-Di join. The C2/c members of the series are systematically different from the P2/n members. Differences can be interpreted and explained by comparing the experimental spectra with theoretical spectra. These have been calculated by the multiple-scattering formalism from the atomic positional parameters determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure refinement on the same samples. In the full multiple scattering region of the spectra (1075 to 1090 eV) C-pyroxenes exhibit three features which reflect the 6-2 configuration of the O back-scattering atoms around the Na absorber located at the center of the cluster (site M2 of the jadeite structure). P-pyroxenes show more complicated spectra in which at least four (possibly five) features can be recognized; they reflect the two types of configuration (6-2 and 4-2-2) of O around Na in the two independent M2 and M21 eight-fold coordinated sites of the omphacite structure. A weak, sometimes poorly resolved peak at 1079 eV is diagnostic and discriminates C- from P-pyroxenes. The Garnet Ridge C2/c impure jadeite exhibits a spectrum which is intermediate between those of jadeite and omphacite. The Hedin-Lundqvist potential proves best for these insulating materials and allows multiple-scattering calculations agreeing well with experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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