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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships Between Heavy Metal and Metallothionein Concentrations in Lesser Black-Backed Gulls, Larus fuscus, and Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury concentrations were measured in adult lesser black-backed gulls, Larus fuscus; and metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured in fledgling Cory's shearwaters, Calonectris diomedea. In gulls, metallothionein was positively correlated with cadmium (kidney r=0.83, liver r=0.46), zinc (kidney r=0.46, liver r=0.37), and copper (kidney r=0.28, liver r=0.34). Mercury levels in lesser black-backed gulls showed no correlations with metallothionein or with any other metal. In shearwaters metallothionein was positively correlated with cadmium in the kidney (r=0.41) but not in liver, zinc in kidney (r=0.43) and liver (r=0.52), and copper in kidney (r=0.55) but not in liver. Cadmium levels were the most important factor determining tissue metallothionein concentrations in adult lesser black-backed gulls demonstrating the role of metallothionein in heavy metal detoxification. In fledgling Cory's shearwaters, the most important factor in determining metallothionein concentrations in kidney was copper concentrations, and in liver, zinc concentrations. During the latter phases of chick growth high levels of zinc are required for feather development, and at this time the binding of cadmium may be masked by the presence of a large amount of zinc- and copper-bound metallothionein. These results illustrate disparate roles of metallothionein, the levels of which will be in a state of flux both seasonally and annually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body shape and size divergence among populations of Poecilia vivipara in coastal lagoons of south-eastern Brazil (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Geometric shape analyses were used to study body shape and size variation among populations of the livebearing fish Poecilia vivipara inhabiting the recently formed coastal lagoons of Grussaí and Iquipari in Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The largest components of morphological variation among females were between different habitats in the same lagoon, whereas for males there were larger differences between lagoons than between habitats. The shape differences were mostly localized in the head region and midbody, which indicated different patterns of locomotion and foraging behaviour optimized for the habitat experienced by each population. The pattern of size variation was similar to that of size-independent shape variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00199.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy Metal Concentrations in Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea, Fledglings from the Azores, Portugal (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 115 -122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury levels in seabirds from the Azores, Mid-North Atlantic Ocean (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 304-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of total mercury were determined in body feathers of 257 seabirds belonging to seven species from the Azores Archipelago, Mid-North Atlantic Ocean. Mercury levels in adult birds showed highly significant inter-specific variations. Median levels were higher in small petrels (Madeiran storm petrel=12.5 μg/g; Bulwer's petrel=22.1 μg/g) than in shearwaters (Little shearwater=2.1 μg/g; Cory's shearwater=6.0 μg/g) and terns (Roseate tern=2.0 μg/g; Common tern=2.3 μg/g). Such inter-specific variability is discussed in relation to biological factors that may influence mercury dynamics in birds. Intra-specific variations in mercury levels were also found. Mercury levels were significantly lower in chicks than in adults of Cory's shearwater, Roseate tern and Common tern. The levels in chick feathers were 60–70% of those in adult feathers. In Cory's shearwater and the terns (Roseate and Common combined), mercury levels decreased significantly with increasing age of chicks. Mercury levels in adult Madeiran storm petrel showed pronounced seasonal variation, being about 50% lower in Spring breeders than in Autumn breeders. Mercury levels are compared with levels reported for seabird populations of the same or related species, from a variety of regions. The use of bird feathers to monitor mercury in the marine environment is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in lesser black-backed gulls, Larus fuscus, and Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury concentrations were measured in adult lesser black-backed gulls, Larus fuscus; and metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured in fledgling Cory's shearwaters, Calonectris diomedea. In gulls, metallothionein was positively correlated with cadmium (kidney r=0.83, liver r=0.46), zinc (kidney r=0.46, liver r=0.37), and copper (kidney r=0.28, liver r=0.34). Mercury levels in lesser black-backed gulls showed no correlations with metallothionein or with any other metal. In shearwaters metallothionein was positively correlated with cadmium in the kidney (r=0.41) but not in liver, zinc in kidney (r=0.43) and liver (r=0.52), and copper in kidney (r=0.55) but not in liver. Cadmium levels were the most important factor determining tissue metallothionein concentrations in adult lesser black-backed gulls demonstrating the role of metallothionein in heavy metal detoxification. In fledgling Cory's shearwaters, the most important factor in determining metallothionein concentrations in kidney was copper concentrations, and in liver, zinc concentrations. During the latter phases of chick growth high levels of zinc are required for feather development, and at this time the binding of cadmium may be masked by the presence of a large amount of zinc- and copper-bound metallothionein. These results illustrate disparate roles of metallothionein, the levels of which will be in a state of flux both seasonally and annually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212287
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seabirds as monitors of mercury in the marine environment (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 851-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The oceans play a major role in global cycling of mercury and widespread contamination of marine ecosystems has been demonstrated in recent years. Monitoring mercury in the marine environment is a priority and biomonitoring has featured prominently in this respect. Seabirds, as top predators, present high mercury levels due to food chain amplification and thus will reflect slight variations in environmental mercury and its hazards to humans better than do most invertebrates and cold blood vertebrates. There is experimental evidence that levels of mercury in seabirds show a dose-response relationship, so that increased contamination of the environment causes a corresponding increase in the level in birds. This coupled with current knowledge on the dynamics of mercury in birds gives a good basis for the use of seabird as monitors of mercury. Internal tissues, blood, eggs, feathers and chicks have been used as monitoring units. Feathers are the most attractive amongst them. They are both chemically and physically stable, accumulate higher mercury levels than other tissues and their sampling is non-destructive. However, it is essential to sample a consistent feather area from all birds to minimise the effects of moult and body feathers are the most adequate. Feathers from birds in museum collections offer a great potential for the study of synoptic geographical and historical of changes in mercury levels on a global scale with large sample sizes. For example, studies with time series of feather samples from seabirds provide evidence of a 3-fold increase of mercury contamination in the marine ecosystem of North-eastern Atlantic over the last 100 years and little increase in mercury contamination in the Southern hemisphere during the same period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189736
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury content in relation to sex, size, age and growth in two scorpionfish (Helicolenus dactylopterus and Pontinus kuhlii) from Azorean waters (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 56 (1991), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Levels of total Hg were determined in the muscle tissue of Helicolenus dactylopterus (mean=0.29 ug.g−1 ±0.025 S.E.; range=0.041.10 ug.g−1) and Pontinus kuhlii (mean=0.16 ug.g−1 ±0.092 S.E.; range=0.05-0.50 ug.g−1) caught in the Azores between August 1989 and May 1990. Mercury concentrations were related to sex, length, weight, age, growth and condition of both fish species. There were highly significant positive correlations between Hg levels and these variables. In P. kuhlii a significant sex-related difference in Hg levels was found; the rate of Hg accumulation is significantly faster in females than in males and mean Hg levels were higher in females. Relationships describing Hg vs size and age dependence were determined for both species and sexes and patterns and rates of Hg accumulation were discussed in relation to a number of biological and ecological factors with influence on it. A comparison of Hg content of Azorean and Mediterranean populations of H. dactylopterus was conducted and its suitability as an indicator in pollutant monitoring of benthic compartment of marine ecosystems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342283
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