Note: Enth. Literaturangaben S. 437 - 521 und Index , Introduction: Quaternary reefs in time and spacePalaeobiogeography: evaluation of the inheritance from the Tertiary -- Structure, zonation and dynamic patterns of coral reef communities -- Controls on the development, distribution and preservation of reefs -- Patterns of carbonate production and deposition on reefs -- Reef anatomy and stratigraphy -- Reef hydrogeology -- Reef diagenesis -- Corals and coral reefs as records of climate change -- Conclusions: coral reefs from the past to the future.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Introduction: The Reef Phenomenon -- References -- 2: Into the Intimacy of Corals, Builders of the Sea -- 2.1 Taxonomic Affiliation -- 2.1.1 Systematic Classification of Cnidarians -- 2.1.2 Scleractinians -- 2.2 Morphology and Anatomy -- 2.2.1 Polyp Anatomy -- 2.2.2 Reproduction -- 2.2.2.1 Sexual Reproduction -- 2.2.2.2 Asexual Reproduction -- 2.2.3 Anatomy of Calcareous Skeletons -- 2.2.4 Coral Colonies -- 2.2.4.1 Corallite Arrangement -- 2.2.4.2 Colony Morphology -- 2.3 Symbiosis -- 2.4 Biomineralisation -- 2.4.1 Calicoderm and Biomineralisation -- 2.4.2 Skeletons and Biomineralisation -- 2.4.3 Interface Between Calicoderms and Skeletons -- 2.4.4 Principles of Calcification -- 2.5 Nutrition -- 2.5.1 Prey Capture -- 2.5.2 Food -- 2.5.3 Autotrophy -- References -- 3: The Modern Times -- 3.1 Biozonation -- 3.2 Reef Morphotypes -- 3.2.1 Fringing Reefs -- 3.2.2 Barrier Reefs -- 3.2.3 Atolls -- 3.2.4 Bank Reefs -- 3.2.5 High Carbonate Islands -- 3.3 Geographical Distribution -- 3.3.1 Ecological Control -- 3.3.2 Tectonic Control -- 3.3.3 Eustatic Control -- 3.3.4 Topographic Control -- 3.4 Reef Growth -- 3.4.1 Vertical Growth Strategies -- 3.4.1.1 Controlling Factors -- 3.4.1.2 Give-Up Growth -- 3.4.1.3 Keep-Up Growth -- 3.4.1.4 Catch-Up Mode -- 3.4.2 Lateral Growth -- 3.5 Morpho-Sedimentary Processes -- 3.5.1 Bioconstruction -- 3.5.2 Erosion -- 3.5.3 Bioaccumulation -- 3.5.4 Cementation -- 3.6 Internal Structure -- 3.6.1 Nature and Distribution of Facies -- 3.6.1.1 Framework Facies -- 3.6.1.2 Detrital Facies -- Sand-Dominated Facies -- Mud-Dominated Facies -- 3.6.1.3 Facies Distribution and Hydrodynamics -- 3.6.2 The Different Structural Models -- 3.7 A Brief History of Reef Development -- 3.7.1 The Climatic Context -- 3.7.2 History of Reef Development Since the Last Deglaciation. , 3.7.3 Reef History Throughout the Pleistocene -- 3.8 Record of Environmental Changes -- 3.8.1 Record at the Coral Colony Scale -- 3.8.1.1 Temperature -- 3.8.1.2 Salinometry -- 3.8.1.3 Rainfall -- 3.8.1.4 pH Measurement -- 3.8.1.5 Photometry -- 3.8.1.6 Current Measurement -- 3.8.2 Record at the Scale of a Reef Edifice -- 3.8.2.1 Reef Flats and Micro-atolls -- 3.8.2.2 Arrangement of Coral Communities -- 3.8.2.3 Arrangement of Reef Edifices -- References -- 4: The Long March of Corals -- 4.1 The Time of the Origins -- 4.1.1 Early Earth and the First Traces of Life -- 4.1.2 Evolution of the Atmosphere -- 4.1.3 Geochemical Model of the Early Ocean -- 4.1.4 Emergence of Biomineralisation -- 4.1.5 The Early Calcifying Organisms and Cnidarians -- 4.1.6 The Earliest Corals -- 4.1.7 The Appearance of Scleractinian Corals -- 4.2 The Time of Diversification -- 4.2.1 Coral-Algae Symbiosis -- 4.2.1.1 Acquiring Photosymbiosis -- 4.2.1.2 Evidence of Photosymbiosis -- 4.2.1.3 Symbiosis and Coloniality -- 4.2.2 A Brief History of Coral and Reef Building -- 4.2.2.1 Paleozoic Times -- The Cambrian -- The Ordovician -- The Silurian -- The Devonian -- The Carboniferous -- The Permian -- 4.2.2.2 Mesozoic Times -- The Triassic -- The Jurassic -- The Cretaceous -- 4.2.2.3 Cenozoic Times -- The Paleogene -- The Neogene -- References -- 5: The Highs and Lows of the Reef Phenomenon -- 5.1 Causes -- 5.1.1 Causal Relationships -- 5.1.2 Gas Emissions and Volcanic Products -- 5.1.3 Methane Emissions -- 5.1.4 Thermogenic Gases -- 5.1.5 The Fall of Celestial Bodies -- 5.1.6 Behaviour of Organisms Facing Environmental Disturbances -- 5.1.7 Disturbances Induced by CO2 and Ocean Acidification -- 5.1.8 Thermal Shocks -- 5.1.9 Disturbances Induced by Ocean Deoxygenation -- 5.2 The Main Biological Crises -- 5.2.1 The Cambrian Crises -- 5.2.2 The Major Crisis of the Ordovician End. , 5.2.3 The Minor Crises of the Silurian -- 5.2.4 The Successive Crises of the Devonian -- 5.2.5 The Permian Crises -- 5.2.6 The Triassic Crises -- 5.2.7 The Lower Jurassic Crisis -- 5.2.8 The Jurassic-Cretaceous Transition (J-K) -- 5.2.9 The Cretaceous-Paleogene Crisis -- 5.2.10 The Paleocene-Eocene Crisis -- 5.2.11 The Eocene-Oligocene Transition -- 5.2.12 The Oligocene End to the Plio-Quaternary -- 5.3 The Response of Corals and Reefs to Crises: From Extinction to Recovery -- 5.3.1 At the Ordovician End -- 5.3.2 During the Silurian -- 5.3.3 During the Devonian -- 5.3.4 At the Permian -- 5.3.5 At the Permian-Triassic Boundary -- 5.3.6 From the Middle to the End of the Triassic -- 5.3.7 During the Jurassic -- 5.3.8 From the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous -- 5.3.9 At the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Transition -- 5.3.10 From the Paleocene to the Eocene -- 5.3.11 From the Oligocene to the Miocene -- 5.3.12 During the Plio-Quaternary -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Coral Reefs in the Face of Their Fate -- 6.1 Disruptive Agents in Action -- 6.1.1 Carbon Dioxide and Rising Surface Water Temperatures -- 6.1.2 Carbon Dioxide and Its Effects on the Carbonate Cycle -- 6.1.3 Carbon Dioxide and Ocean Acidification -- 6.1.4 The Other Disruptive Agents -- 6.2 The Response of Corals and Coral Reefs -- 6.2.1 Temperature Rise of Surface Waters -- 6.2.2 To Acidification -- 6.2.3 To Other Disruptive Agents -- 6.3 The Evolution of Coral Islets -- 6.3.1 The Modes of Low-Lying Islet Formation -- 6.3.2 Future Evolution of Low-Lying Islet: Maintenance, Reduction or Destruction? -- References -- Conclusions -- Index.

Note: Front cover -- Quaternary Coral Reef Systems: History, Development Processes and Controlling Factors -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Quaternary Reefs in Time and Space -- 1.1. The Reef Phenomenon: Definitions and History of Discovery and Research -- 1.2. Types of Coral Reefs -- 1.3. Geographical Distribution of Corals and Coral Reefs -- 1.4. Modern Tropical Climate Modes -- 1.5. Quaternary Time Scales -- 1.6. Trends in the Quaternary Climate Dynamics -- 1.7. Establishing the Chronology of Quaternary Coral Reefs -- 1.8. Methods of Obtaining Data -- Chapter 2. Palaeobiogeography: Evaluation of the Inheritance from the Tertiary -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Development Patterns of Tertiary Coral Reefs -- 2.3. Temporal and Spatial Variations in Coral and Calcareous Algal Diversity -- 2.4. Conclusions -- Chapter 3. Structure, Zonation and Dynamic Patterns of Coral Reef Communities -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Structure and Zonation of Modern Reef Communities -- 3.3. Structure and Zonation of Quaternary Reef Communities -- 3.4. Dynamic Patterns of Reef Communities -- 3.5. Conclusions -- Chapter 4. Controls on the Development, Distribution and Preservation of Reefs -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Controls on Reef Development and Distribution -- 4.3. Controls on Reef Community Preservation: The Taphonomic Approach -- 4.4. Conclusions -- Chapter 5. Patterns of Carbonate Production and Deposition on Reefs -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Patterns of Reef Carbonate Production -- 5.3. Patterns of Reef Carbonate Deposition -- 5.4. Conclusions -- Chapter 6. Reef Anatomy and Stratigraphy -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Morphology and Anatomy of Holocene Reefs -- 6.3. Structure and Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Barrier Reefs and Atolls -- 6.4. Stratigraphy of Emerged Reef Terraces -- 6.5. Stratigraphy of Submerged Reef Terraces and Banks. , 6.6. Reef Stratigraphy and Numerical Modelling -- 6.7. Conclusions -- Chapter 7. Reef Hydrogeology -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. External Hydrology: Water Characteristics and Reef Responses to Waves and Currents -- 7.3. Groundwater Hydrology -- 7.4. Conclusions -- Chapter 8. Reef Diagenesis -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Mineralogy of Sediment Components -- 8.3. Cements in Quaternary Reef Limestones -- 8.4. Replacement and Dissolution -- 8.5. Hydrological Control of Flow Rates -- 8.6. Rates of Reef Diagenesis -- 8.7. Diagenetic Sequences -- 8.8. Dolomite and Reefs -- 8.9. Phosphorites -- 8.10. Conclusions -- Chapter 9. Corals and Coral Reefs as Records of Climatic Change -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Individual Coral Colonies as Records of Climate -- 9.3. Climate Reconstruction based on Individual Coral Colonies -- 9.4. Coral Reefs as Records of Sea-Level Change -- 9.5. Conclusions -- Chapter 10. Conclusions: Coral Reefs from the Past to the Future -- 10.1. The Historical Perspective -- 10.2. The Role of Controlling Factors in Reef Growth and Distribution -- 10.3. The Fossil Record as a Proxy for the Future of Reefs -- 10.4. Global Warming and the Future of Reefs -- 10.5. Prospective -- References -- Subject Index.